scholarly journals The Perspective of Total Lighting as a Key Factor to Increase the Sustainability of Strategic Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Peña-García ◽  
Ferdinando Salata
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Key Factor

In the last decades, lighting has evolved from a branch of engineering ensuring safety and performance in indoor and outdoor installations, to a key discipline interacting with a wide spectrum of fields and having a deep impact on our daily lives. Although this evolution also applies to other areas of knowledge, the special features of lighting make its potential and also its limitations different. It is not the typical field where a well-established mathematical framework allows a departure from well-defined input and identifying clear effects and conclusions. The reason is that lighting is a field dealing with the interaction between a physical phenomenon and a physiological and psychological system, the human being. In addition to the complexity of its basis, the relationship between lighting and sustainability has become stronger in recent years. This relationship is bi-directional in some cases: on one hand, advanced societies require more and more complex lighting installations, which means high energy consumption, use of raw materials, financial costs, manufacturing and maintenance processes, waste and emissions to the atmosphere. On the other hand, good lighting has an impact on issues like productivity, well-being, happiness, disease avoidance, safety, and many other qualitative aspects whose direct or indirect impact on sustainability is remarkable. This work will analyze how lighting can give answers to questions related to sustainability, not only from the classic topics of energy consumption and waste management, but from a wider and global perspective. The results of these works are analyzed, and the basis of the new framework of total lighting, discussed.

Research Methods of Making Glass and its Physico-Chemical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Lilia I. Baranova-Shishkova ◽  
Karina S. Simpolskaya ◽  
Elena Zvonareva ◽  
Vladimir V. Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Silicate Formation ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Modern Methods

This article discusses the modern methods of physico-chemical properties of glass manufacturing, through the use of a wide spectrum of glass-forming. Description of the implementation of the staged methods of chemical-technological processes of silicate formation, implying the lowest energy consumption, in connection with the transition to the processing of secondary raw materials.

Study on Eco-Clothing with Multiple Style Transformation in the Background of Cyclic Economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 3239-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhen Wang ◽  
Shu Lian Yu ◽  
Qi Zhen Wang ◽  
Yu Bing Luan ◽  
Jing Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Consumption Situation ◽  
High Energy Consumption

In view of high energy consumption situation in the apparel industry in the background of cyclic economy, the author conducts technical experiment for clothing style change according to transformation design of clothing structure elements, and establishes the environmental protection philosophy of enabling raw materials for one garment to satisfy the function of raw materials for two or more garments. This not only maximizes the energy efficiency of clothing materials, but also optimizes life cycle of products, and accordingly promotes the energy-saving and environment-friendly eco-civilization construction in the apparel industry.

scholarly journals Innovative heat-technology of processing phytoestrogenic raw materials into functional powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Zhanna Petrova ◽  
Kateryna Slobodianiuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Heat Technology ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

Outdated technologies in drying processes can lead to iПеrrational use of energy, as a consequence, high energy consumption and increased energy consumption. Therefore, the issues of energy saving and energy efficiency are the most important tasks to be solved. Nowadays, energy saving and energy efficiency are also part of the environmental problem. Ukraine, which has a unique geographical position for Europe, is fully supplied with natural resources, - one of the countries where there is inefficient use of energy resources. One of the energy-consuming areas of vegetable processing is drying. In the modern world, the issue of energy efficiency of drying methods is one of the most relevant areas of research. Convective drying of vegetable raw materials requires a rational use of regime parameters of the process corresponding to the biochemical properties of the processed object. The primary objectives of this area of processing of vegetable raw materials are to reduce energy costs and ensure high quality characteristics of the final product. This article presents the developed heat-technology for obtaining phytoestrogenic powder from soybeans and spinach. Which includes 3 stages: preliminary preparation of raw materials for drying; drying of thermolabile vegetable raw materials; dispersion and packaging of the obtained phytoestrogenic powder. As a result of previously conducted comprehensive research, it was found that the use of heat technology reduces energy costs at the stage of preparation of raw materials through the improvement of existing hydrothermal treatment of soybeans, as well as energy savings of 21% through the use of developed step modes. Studies of the qualitative characteristics of the obtained phytoestrogenic powder confirm the high quality of the final product.

Freight Energy Use Disaggregated by Commodity: Comparisons and Discussion

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Vanek ◽  
Edward K. Morlok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Commodity Group ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Intensity Estimate

The analysis of energy consumption in freight transportation is almost always approached by disaggregating overall energy consumption by mode, which then provides a basis for understanding trends and underlying factors that influence them and for developing conservation policies. Another important approach is to disaggregate by commodity, because it is commodity flows that generate the modal vehicle flows and hence the modal energy consumption in transportation. Thus changes in energy use by commodity are important factors in understanding trends in energy consumption and may provide a basis for energy conservation policies centered on industries using transportation. Total freight energy consumption is estimated for a range of commodity groups using an activitybased approach to energy consumption, where total freight activity is decomposed into components by mode and by commodity group, and then each component is multiplied by an intensity estimate to calculate total energy use for that commodity group. Two important findings are discussed: ( a) commodity groups with high energy growth between 1972 and 1993 had a combination of substantial ton-mile growth and modal shift to truck, and ( b) commodity groups of finished products with a high average value per ton in general have a much higher average freight energy intensity than raw materials with a low average value per ton.

scholarly journals Influence of raw material properties on energy consumption during briquetting process

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 02006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
Bohumil Havrland ◽  
Radek Novotny ◽  
Alexandru Muntean ◽  
Petr Hutla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Biomass is doubtless a very significant source of renewable energy being worldwide abundant with high energy potential. This paper deals with assessment energy consumption at especially grinding and briquetting processes, which should result in essential economy of energy at solid biofuel production. Various types of raw materials were used at the experiment such as hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass, two species of Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus x gigantheus) and apple wood biomass. These materials were dried, grinded and pressed by piston press having pressing chamber diameter of 65 mm. Materials were grinded into three fractions (4 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm). Material throughput (kg.h-1) and energy consumption (kWh.t-1) were registered. As to results: the highest throughput at both grinding cases as well as briquetting was found at apple wood biomass; however the energy consumption during briquetting of apple wood was relatively high. The worst results concerning throughput and energy consumption (especially at briquetting) were found at hemp biomass. Nevertheless, briquettes made of hemp had the best mechanical durability. Both Miscunthus species (herbaceous biomass) have very similar parameters and showed quite good relation between throughput and energy consumption at the used machines.

scholarly journals Energy Parameters of Miscanthus Biomass Pellets Supplemented with Copra Meal in Terms of Energy Consumption during the Pressure Agglomeration Process

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz ◽  
Tomasz Słowik ◽  
Grzegorz Zając ◽  
Agata Blicharz-Kania ◽  
Beata Zdybel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Copra Meal ◽  
Energy Parameters ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Total Fat

The process of pelleting miscanthus biomass often encounters issues related to the low durability of the obtained pellets and high energy inputs. To solve these issues, the use of copra meal as a supplement is proposed. This paper presents the results of research on energy parameters of miscanthus biomass pellets supplemented with copra meal in terms of energy consumption in the pressure agglomeration process. As part of this research, the energy parameters of miscanthus biomass, copra meal biomass, and their blends were characterized. Next, the raw materials were used for the production of pellets in the pressure agglomeration process. The investigations included proximate and ultimate analysis and estimation of heating values. Moreover, the total fat content, mechanical durability, kinetic strength, and bulk density were determined, and the energy consumption in the pelleting process was assessed. The results indicate that the energy consumption in the miscanthus biomass pelleting process can be substantially reduced by adding copra meal as a biocomponent. When the copra meal addition did not exceed 30%, the pellets exhibited over 95% durability, over 1200 kg∙m−3 density, and over 417 kg∙m−3 bulk density. Given the 44% reduction in energy consumption in the pellet production process and the energy efficiency of 4815 Wh·kg−1 determined in this study, copra meal may be an interesting material for use as an additive in the production of miscanthus biomass pellets.

scholarly journals Analysis of Windows Element for Energy Saving in a Tropical Residential Buildings in Order to Reduce the Negative Environmental Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Gain Coefficient ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Key Factor

In the contemporary milieu of today, sustainability and environmental concerns have become a great subject of debate. Matters related to sustainability are often linked to other crucial concerns like energy consumption. Energy is a key factor in ensuring continuous economic growth and development. One of the highest energy consuming systems in buildings – specifically residential homes in tropical regions – is the air conditioning system. Windows have been identified as the weakest link in the fabric of a building as they serve as thermal holes. Thus, the selection of proper window materials is crucial to reduce energy usage by minimizing the cooling and heating requirements of the building. The aims of this paper are analysis of energy performance for diverse types of window’s glazing with different frames in order to find the most optimized window materials for the tropical residential buildings. The selected case study in this paper is modeled and then simulated by Building Information Modeling (BIM) application, which is appropriate for energy analysis. For simulation, some factors of the window materials were taken into consideration including, four physical properties of the U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient, visible transmittance, and emissivity. The result was shown windows types 02 and 03 were the most optimized of window materials and led to 10% energy saving into the base model and the windows type 05 was high U-factor, results in a greater transfer in internal zones and led to high energy consumption.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling of Energy and Growth in South Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 481-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad Khan ◽  
Abdul Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Energy Dependent

Energy plays an important role on the demand and the supply sides of the economy. On the demand side, energy is one of the products a consumer decides to buy to maximise his utility. On the supply side, energy is the key factor of production in addition to labour, capital and other raw materials. Energy is considered to be the key element in the socio-economic development of a country. It also helps to improve the living standards of the society through the increase in economic growth. This implies that there is a causal link running from energy consumption to economic growth. If causality runs from energy consumption to GDP then it implies that an economy is energy dependent and hence energy is a stimulus to economic growth [Jumbe (2004)]. Shortage of energy may negatively affect economic growth and may cause poor economic performance leading to a reduction of income and employment. On the other hand, if causality runs from GDP to energy consumption, this implies that economy is not energy dependent, and hence energy conservation policies may be implemented without adverse effects on economic growth and employment [Masih and Masih (1997)]. If there is no causality between energy consumption and GDP, it implies that energy conservation policies may be pursued without affecting the economy [Jumbe (2004)]. Based on these arguments, it is necessary to analyse the link between energy consumption and economic growth because it is often argued that the increased availability of energy services act as key stimulus of the process of economic development.

scholarly journals Decrease of the Maximum Speed in Highway Tunnels as a Measure to Foster Energy Savings and Sustainability

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Peña-García ◽  
Ferdinando Salata ◽  
Iacopo Golasi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The high energy consumption of the lighting installations in highway tunnels has become a hot topic in the last few years due to the high figures in terms of money, consumed energy, use of raw materials, emissions of greenhouse gases due to the remarkable number of manufactured elements, and maintenance, among others. In spite of the different strategies proposed up to date and their savings, the potential benefits of decreasing the maximum speed allowed in tunnels have not been considered in depth as a complementary measure yet. In this work, the impact of such a decrease in terms of energy consumption, number projectors, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and yearly costs in energy is analyzed and discussed. The results strongly suggest the convenience of introducing maximum speed reduction in traffic regulations which, in addition, could create positive synergies with traffic safety.

MANUFACTURING GASEOUS PRODUCTS BY PYROLYSIS MICROALGAE BIOMASS

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
N. I. Chernova ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva ◽  
O. M. Larina ◽  
G. A. Sytchev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid ◽  
Pyrolysis Gases

Algae biomass is considered as an alternative raw material for the production of biofuels. The search for new types of raw materials, including high-energy types of microalgae, remains relevant, since the share of motor fuels in the structure of the global fuel and energy balance remains consistently high (about 35%), and the price of oil is characterized by high volatility. The authors have considered the advantages of microalgae as sources of raw materials for fuel production. Biochemical and thermochemical conversion are proposed as technologies for their processing. This paper presents the results of the study of the pyrolysis of the biomass of clonal culture of blue-green microalgae / cyanobacteriumArthrospira platensis rsemsu 1/02-Pfrom the collection of the Research Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. An experiment to study the process of pyrolysis of microalgae biomass was carried out at the experimental facility of the Institute of High Temperatures RAS in pure nitrogen grade 6.0 to create an oxygen-free environment with a linear heating rate of 10 ºС / min from room temperature to 1000 ºС. The whole process of pyrolysis proceeded in the field of endothermy. The specific amounts of solid residue, pyrolysis liquid and gaseous products were experimentally determined. As a result of the pyrolysis of microalgae biomass weighing 15 g, the following products were obtained: 1) coal has the mass of the solid residue is 2.68 g, or 17.7% of the initial mass of the microalgae (while 9.3% of the initial mass of the microalgae remained in the reactor); 2) pyrolysis liquid – weight 3.3 g, or 21.9% of the initial weight; 3) non-condensable pyrolysis gases – weight 1.15 l. The specific volumetric gas yield (the amount of gas released from 1 kg of the starting material) was 0.076 Nm3/ kg. The analysis of the composition and specific volume yield of non-condensable pyrolysis gases formed in the process of pyrolysis, depending on temperature. It is shown that with increasing temperature, the proportion of highcalorie components of the gas mixture (hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide) increases. The calorific value of the mixture of these gases has been estimated.

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