scholarly journals Shaping up the Future Spatial Plans for Urban Areas in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qadeer ul Hussnain ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Khydija Wakil ◽  
Christopher James Pettit ◽  
Ejaz Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Plan Making ◽  
Spatial Plan

Since 2007, more than fifty percent of our planet’s population is living in urban areas. In the coming decade, the rate of urbanization will be fastest in Asia and Africa. Within South Asian countries, urbanization has attained its fastest pace in Pakistan. Urban planners and agencies in Pakistan have tried various spatial plan making solutions to manage urban areas, but none have given the desired results. After a 20% increase in declared urban areas within last two decades, urban planners and policy makers are looking for a more innovative and realistic spatial planning solution, which could adjust to the uncertainties and complexities of real world. This research uses a mixed method approach comprising a two phased survey of professional planners, analyzed through the selective lexicon approach to document planners’ opinions about the reasons behind the poor performance and conformance of spatial plans. This study documents the planners’ understanding of the contemporary concept of ‘scenario planning’. To explore the solution, this paper presents a semi-systematic review of the literature on the application of the ‘scenario method in urban spatial planning’. As a result of this research, a comprehensive digital inventory of all spatial plans ever made in Pakistan has been developed. It has been found that 83% of the urban settlements in Pakistan are growing without a spatial plan and require immediate attention. Furthermore, in terms of the plan making process, twenty-seven major factors contributing to the failure of past plans have been identified and categorized under seven distinct plan making stages. Finally, a new process of spatial plan-making has been proposed, which is the fusion of scenario planning and the traditional plan-making process, backed by digital planning tools. In an era of smart cities and digitization, it is expected that the advancements in scenarios planning, coupled with a new data portal, will assist in addressing the implementation gap in practice, and result in more comprehensive data-driven spatial plans.

scholarly journals Smart Cities in Turkey: Approaches, Advances and Applications with Greater Consideration for Future Urban Transport Development

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Bıyık
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Future Vision

The smart city transport concept is viewed as a future vision aiming to undertake investigations on the urban planning process and to construct policy-pathways for achieving future targets. Therefore, this paper sets out three visions for the year 2035 which bring about a radical change in the level of green transport systems (often called walking, cycling, and public transport) in Turkish urban areas. A participatory visioning technique was structured according to a three-stage technique: (i) Extensive online comprehensive survey, in which potential transport measures were researched for their relevance in promoting smart transport systems in future Turkish urban areas; (ii) semi-structured interviews, where transport strategy suggestions were developed in the context of the possible imaginary urban areas and their associated contextual description of the imaginary urban areas for each vision; (iii) participatory workshops, where an innovative method was developed to explore various creative future choices and alternatives. Overall, this paper indicates that the content of the future smart transport visions was reasonable, but such visions need a considerable degree of consensus and radical approaches for tackling them. The findings offer invaluable insights to researchers inquiring about the smart transport field, and policy-makers considering applying those into practice in their local urban areas.

scholarly journals 20 years Collaborative Governance and Action Research: Evaluation Process of the Regional Spatial Planning of Mappi Regency, Papua

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Doddy Aditya Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Current System ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Plan Making ◽  
Spatial Plan

This paper evaluates planners’ capacity to influence the plan-making process where it often involves actors and institutions with various interests. Relegating planners’ roles by providing mere technical inputs to those who seek advice would not alleviate spatial imbalance and unequal power structure embedded in the community. Planners should be reflexive and accountable, as it will lead them to aspire to a contested ideal rather than to simply optimize the current system in which they are in. Drawing from our experience in reviewing regional spatial plan of Kabupaten Mappi, providing an alternative approach to current development strategies would help balancing the local community’s power structure. Planners should master the politics of planning as it would help them influence the decision-making process.   

scholarly journals The Puzzling Concept of Smart City in Central and Eastern Europe: A Literature Review Designed for Policy Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Bogdan-Constantin Ibănescu ◽  
Alexandru Bănică ◽  
Mihail Eva ◽  
Alexandra Cehan
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Approach

The modern concept of smart city rose from a relatively ambiguous term dealing with the future of urban areas to one of the most popular contemporary fields of research. Tackling a considerable range of topics from digitalization, citizen involvement, sustainability or governance, it managed to rapidly attract both academics and policy-makers. This study reviews the research papers published on smart city concept with application to European Union, and especially to the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe. The results indicate many common features of smart cities in EU, but also some peculiarities of CEE in this regard, many deriving from their socialist inheritance. Meanwhile, it can be noticed the rather incipient status of smart cities approaches, the insufficient resources allocated by local authorities, which rely extensively on EU funding, the lack of awareness from citizens and the lack of a comprehensive and structured strategic approach. In order to tackle the abovementioned issues, our paper suggests a series of measures and directions for policy-makers, local administrations and business environment.

Combining dynamic city sensors to build a three-dimensional thermal environment cloud information system for smart cities

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Kochiu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
New Information

Professors Ko-Chiu Wu, Chih-Hong Huang and Hsiao-Tung Chang from the National Taipei University of Technology and Chinese Culture University are combining dynamic city sensors to build a 3D thermal environment cloud information system for smart cities. They seek to uncover new information about urban heat island (UHI) by describing the dynamic phenomena underway. The ultimate aim of this study is to survey the thermal environment data in the horizontal and vertical interspace of urban areas. The data and insight the team gathers will be extremely useful to policy makers and city planners, as well as designing urban spaces with the comfort of citizens in mind, it is hoped they will be able to mitigate the effects of UHI and even make energy savings using the 3D maps.

scholarly journals Smart governance of urban data

2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dang Que Nguyen ◽  
Tatiana Bonkalo ◽  
Oleg Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Intelligent City ◽  
Smart Governance ◽  
Urban Data

This paper focuses on the smart governance of urban data. Recently, the idea of an intelligent city has gained increased attention among technologists, urban scientists, stakeholders, companies and policy makers in the last decades. The new paradigm of the cities in the 21st century and what it entails is seen by everyone, including the authors of this article, as a viable response to the unprecedented rate of urbanization most nations are experiencing. Advanced smart cities are beginning to go beyond infrastructure and to use big data. The whole idea behind smart cities is to harness intelligent technologies and data-driven contextual governance models to mitigate and prevent the challenges that arise when an estimated 2 billion people move to urban areas. This is why collecting and analysing urban data becomes a key priority in this field. The development of Big Data analysis using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes the domain of urban governments and stakeholders. This research contemplates over these issues and provides many examples from around smart cities around the world that can be used as reference points or inspiration for the policy-makers engaged in the smart city governance and urban planning.

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

New Solutions to the Problem of Stagnating Socio-Economic Development in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Putintseva ◽  
E. V. Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
The Russian Federation

The presented study summarizes the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms in Russia and reviews tools of the market economy that could solve the problem of distrust within Russian society.Aim. The study aims to define the underlying problems that stem from the peculiarities of the historical development of the Russian Federation and now hinder the advancement of our country to a new level of development, and to propose directions for solving these problems.Tasks. The authors summarize the socio-economic consequences of the implementation of liberal market reforms; define the problems of the implementation of a rent-based economy in modern Russia; prove that Russia cannot advance to a new level of development without solving the problem of social distrust; review the tools that could change the current situation of global social distrust (publicprivate partnership, proactive budgeting, clusters, territorial marketing, Far Eastern Hectare program, smart cities, incident management).Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms, identify the problems of modern Russia, and determine the possible directions and tools of development.Results. Russia’s development is historically based on finding and living off the natural rent. This perspective significantly narrows the range of ideas about the potential development directions for the Russian Federation. The rent-based development options proposed today expose another common Russian trait — uncertainty, lack of risk appetite, pessimism, and fear of “things getting worse”. Implementation of democratic reforms in the context of rent-based economic institutions, lack of mutual trust within society, poor performance of courts — all this aggravates the current situation.Conclusions. Nowadays, Russia needs an economy that would create a demand for human capital and inclusive political institutions that would make people engaged in the life of the nation, allowing them to capitalize on their creativity without leaving their homeland.

Smart Cities and Smart Regulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rønne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Smart Regulation

Increasing focus on sustainable societies and ‘smart cities’ due to emphasis on mitigation of climate change is simultaneous with ‘smart regulation’ reaching the forefront of the political agenda. Consequently, the energy sector and its regulation are undergoing significant innovation and change. Energy innovations include transition from fossil fuels to more renewable energy sources and application of new computer technology, interactively matching production with consumer demand. Smart cities are growing and projects are being initiated for development of urban areas and energy systems. Analysis from ‘Smart Cities Accelerator’, developed under the EU Interreg funding programme that includes Climate-KIC,——provides background for the focus on a smart energy system. Analysis ensures the energy supply systems support the integration of renewables with the need for new technologies and investments. ‘Smart’ is trendy, but when becoming ‘smart’ leads to motivation that is an important step towards mitigating climate change.

scholarly journals iBikeSafe: A Multi-Parameter System for Monitoring, Evaluation and Visualization of Cycling Paths in Smart Cities Targeted at Cycling Adverse Conditions

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1058-1086
Author(s):  
Franklin Oliveira ◽  
Daniel G. Costa ◽  
Luciana Lima ◽  
Ivanovitch Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Large City ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Parameter System ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Real Scenario

The fast transformation of the urban centers, pushed by the impacts of climatic changes and the dramatic events of the COVID-19 Pandemic, will profoundly influence our daily mobility. This resulted scenario is expected to favor adopting cleaner and flexible modal solutions centered on bicycles and scooters, especially as last-mile options. However, as the use of bicycles has rapidly increased, cyclists have been subject to adverse conditions that may affect their health and safety when cycling in urban areas. Therefore, whereas cities should implement mechanisms to monitor and evaluate adverse conditions in cycling paths, cyclists should have some effective mechanism to visualize the indirect quality of cycling paths, eventually supporting choosing more appropriate routes. Therefore, this article proposes a comprehensive multi-parameter system based on multiple independent subsystems, covering all phases of data collecting, formatting, transmission, and processing related to the monitoring, evaluating, and visualizing the quality of cycling paths in the perspective of adverse conditions that affect cyclist. The formal interactions of all modules are carefully described, as well as implementation and deployment details. Additionally, a case study is considered for a large city in Brazil, demonstrating how the proposed system can be adopted in a real scenario.

scholarly journals Cost-efficient factors in local public spending: Detecting relationships between local environments, population size and urban area category

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110038
Author(s):  
Hiroki Baba ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Major Factors

This study examines regional differences in local environment factors to better understand the sustainability of local governments indexed by per capita public spending. Under the condition of heterogeneous population size, we examine how factor characteristics differ depending on the spatial context represented by the urban area category. By employing a Cobb–Douglas cost function with congestion effects on public service provision, the estimated factors enable us to articulate major factors and differences in cost-efficiency between urban area categories. We found that statistical significance and even the signatures of local environment factors differ depending on the urban employment area category. Regarding factors such as the ratios of employees in secondary and tertiary industries, these did not tend to be statistically significant in small-sized urban areas, while small-sized cities in large-sized urban areas were likely to gain confidence intervals. Moreover, we did not observe any statistical significance for the ratio of elderly people due to the balance of spending between national and local governments. These findings could contribute to sustainable management of cities in the advent of population decline.

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