scholarly journals Does the Admixture of Forage Herbs Affect the Yield Performance, Yield Stability and Forage Quality of a Grass Clover Ley?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5842
Author(s):  
Heike Lorenz ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
Friedhelm Taube ◽  
Ralf Loges
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
The Given

It is unclear whether the use of multi-species swards is a suitable measure for climate change adaptation by achieving high and stable dry matter (DM) production and good forage quality in grazing systems. The objective of the study is to evaluate whether a complex rather than a simple grass clover mixture enhances performance under nitrogen (N)-deficient conditions due to greater diversity in plant functional traits. During a four-year field experiment, a three-species and a seven-species grass clover mixture were compared under one cutting-for-conservation and two simulated grazing (defoliation every three or four weeks) treatments. The results revealed a similarity in the DM yields of both seed mixtures, indicating that in the given conditions the species in the simple mixture already offered crucial yield-determining functional traits. Different growth patterns, however, led to higher intra-annual yield stability in the complex mixture. In the cutting-for-conservation system, DM yields were higher, but this came at the expense of reduced metabolisable energy and crude protein contents and lower inter-annual yield stability. We conclude that higher seeding costs for multi-species mixtures are compensated by greater yield stability while offering the potential for additional eco-system services like enhanced carbon sequestration and diverse food for pollinators.

Comparison of the alkane-based herbage intakes and the liveweight gains of young sheep grazing forage oats, dual-purpose wheat or phalaris-based pasture

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dove ◽  
W. M. Kelman
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Long Chain Alcohol ◽  
Long Chain

Two experiments were conducted between 2004 and 2006 near Canberra, Australia, to provide information about herbage intake and liveweight gains of young sheep grazing dual-purpose crop cf. pasture. In an indoor feeding trial (2004–2005), dual-purpose wheat (cv. Mackellar) and oats (cv. Blackbutt) had estimated organic matter (OM) digestibilities of 0.849 ± 0.0070 and 0.847 ± 0.0001, respectively. The indoor trial also provided data for the concentrations and faecal recoveries of the cuticular wax alkane and long-chain alcohol (LCOH) markers used to estimate diet composition and intake in the grazing trial. The faecal recoveries of both alkanes and LCOH were well described by asymptotic regressions. Alkane recovery differed between crops, though not between years. Faecal LCOH recovery did not differ between crops or years. Under grazing conditions in 2004–2005, the OM digestibility (OMD) of crop herbage was 0.825–0.871, significantly higher than the OMD of phalaris-based pasture (0.752–0.758). The estimated OMD of wheat in 2006 (0.792) was lower than in the earlier years. Sheep consumed ~1 kg/day digestible OM intake (DOMI) from crop in 2004–2005. In 2004 this was significantly higher than the DOMI of sheep grazing pasture (0.75 kg/day) whereas in 2005 the DOMI from pasture was slightly (1.15 kg/day) but significantly higher than that from crop (mean 0.97 kg/day). Regardless of the source of herbage consumed, sheep daily liveweight gains were in the range 200–250 g/kg DOMI. Liveweight gains of sheep grazing crop were also predicted from their calculated metabolisable energy intakes and requirements for maintenance and were within 1% of the observed liveweight gains. Our results demonstrate that in high-rainfall areas, the quantity and quality of the herbage provided by sowing dual-purpose crops, and the resultant increased animal liveweight gains, justify the inclusion of dual-purpose crops in grazing systems.

The Effects of Burning and Simulated Grazing on Productivity, Forage Quality, Mortality and Flowering of Eight Subalpine Herbs in Kosciusko National Park.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
DH Wood ◽  
AV Slee ◽  
MD Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Domestic Stock

The effects of simulated grazing and burning on biomass production, forage quality (CP and DM digestibility), plant mortality and flowering of 4 native perennial grasses (Poa phillipsiana, P. sieberana, Danthonia pilosa and Festuca asperula) and four perennial forbs (Aciphylla simplicifolia, Arthropodium milleflorum, Bulbine bulbosa and Hypochoeris radicata) growing in Kosciusko National Park were studied over a 16-month period. Cutting at 8-week intervals reduced the amount of regrowth at successive harvests as well as the survival of individuals. The season in which a single cut was made generally had a greater effect on the amount of regrowth than length of the regrowth period. Burning promoted flowering and improved the forage quality of the grasses. Rabbits bred only when they were able to obtain forage with a minimum protein content of 14%, provided mainly by the forb species. The management implications resulting from the interaction of fire and grazing, particularly by rabbits and domestic stock, for ecosystem quality are discussed.

The effect of increased temperature and CO2 air enrichment on the nutritive value of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) in permanent grassland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. Küsters ◽  
E. M. Pötsch ◽  
R. Resch ◽  
M. Gierus
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High yielding ruminant livestock require high nutritive value in forage for maintenance, growth and production. Climate change has been documented as impacting on the nutritive value of forage plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of increased temperature in combination with CO2-enhancement on the nutritive value of orchard grass (cocksfoot; Dactylis glomerata L.), as a C3 model plant, widespread in mountainous permanent grassland plant communities. Functional traits and forage quality of orchard grass were investigated both under ambient (C0T0) and under simulated, future climate conditions (C2T2) with increased temperature (+3°C) and enhanced CO2 concentration (+300 ppm) under field conditions. Plant samples were taken from each of the three growths over a period of three consecutive years and numerous functional properties and forage quality parameters were determined. Special attention was paid to the determination of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein (CP), non-protein N (NPN) and metabolizable energy (ME) as possible indicators for different climatic conditions. It is hypothesized that (i) functional traits and (ii) forage quality of orchard grass are altered by increased temperature and higher CO2 concentration. The results showed a negative impact of C2T2 compared to C0T0 on tiller height (54.4 v. 70.6 cm) and weight (2.42 v. 3.22 g) as average over cuts and years. The NPN content was lower in C2T2 (312 g/kg CP) compared to C0T0 (339 g/kg CP). In contrast, the WSC content was higher in C2T2 (90.3 g/kg DM) compared to C0T0 (82.5 g/kg DM). Both ME content and digestibility were increased in C2T2 (9.18 ME/kg DM and 68.2%) compared to C0T0 (8.86 ME/kg DM and 65.4%). Concluding, under increased temperature and enhanced CO2, both functional traits and certain nutrients and their fractions appear to change in orchard grass.

Professional dilemmas for caregivers in Turkish home care settings in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Basche
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Caregiver Relationship ◽  
International Nursing ◽  
Nursing Literature ◽  
Intercultural Care ◽  
The Given

While calling for culturally sensitive healthcare services in migrant communities, the international nursing literature on intercultural care predominantly describes nursing staff as lacking cultural competences and immigrant customers as lacking cleverness to navigate the labyrinths of national healthcare systems. Congruences in language, culture and religion in the customer-caregiver relationship can decisively improve the quality of care. However, they do not automatically guarantee smooth working processes in monocultural in-home settings. On the contrary, new problems occur here for Turkish caregivers which are unknown to the legions of native professionals who feel challenged by migrants and which go beyond differences such as age, sex, income or education. While no cultural or religious brokering is necessary between customers and personnel in the given context in Germany, new challenges arise when caregivers are expected to legally broker between customers and insurance companies or doctors. Conflicting expectations of customers and management as well as their own colliding social and professional roles put the caregivers in a quandary and must be competently managed.

MODIFIKASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION DENGAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN TUGAS DAN PAKSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Christy Restu Kinasih ◽  
Dewi Fatimah ◽  
Veranica Julianti
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
Quality Of Learning ◽  
The Given

The selection and determination of appropriate learning strategies can improve the results to be obtained from the application of classroom learning models. This writing aims to discipline students to develop individual abilities of students to be more active in the learning process and improve the quality of learning. The learning process in Indonesia in general only uses conventional learning models that make students passive and undeveloped. In order for the quality of learning to increase, the Team Assisted Individualization learning model is combined with the task learning and forced strategies. The Team Assisted Individualization cooperative learning model is one of the cooperative learning models that combines learning individually and in groups. Meanwhile, task and forced learning strategies are strategies that focus on giving assignments that require students to complete them on time so that the learning process can run effectively. Students are required to do assignments according to the given deadline. This makes students become familiar with the tasks given by the teacher. Combining or modifying the learning model of the assisted individualization team with forced and forced learning strategies is expected to be able to make students more active, disciplined, independent, creative in learning and responsible for the tasks assigned. Therefore this method of incorporation is very necessary in the learning process and can be applied to improve the quality of learning in schools.

Integrating Safety-II into Safety Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Wäfler ◽  
Rahel Gugerli ◽  
Giulio Nisoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Safety Management Systems ◽  
Safety Science ◽  
Human Failure ◽  
The Given ◽  
Freedom Of Action

We all aim for safe processes. However, providing safety is a complex endeavour. What is it that makes a process safe? And what is the contribution of humans? It is very common to consider humans a risk factor prone to errors. Therefore, we implement sophisticated safety management systems (SMS) in order to prevent potential "human failure". These SMS provide an impressive increase of safety. In safety science this approach is labelled "Safety-I", and it starts to be questioned because humans do not show failures only. On the contrary, they often actively contribute to safety, sometimes even by deviating from a procedure. This "Safety-II" perspective considers humans to be a "safety factor" as well because of their ability to adjust behaviour to the given situation. However, adaptability requires scope of action and this is where Safety-I and Safety-II contradict each other. While the former restricts freedom of action, the latter requires room for manoeuvring. Thus, the task of integrating the Safety-II perspective into SMS, which are traditionally Safety-I based, is difficult. This challenge was the main objective of our project. We discovered two methods that contribute to the quality of SMS by integrating Safety-II into SMS without jeopardizing the Safety-I approach.

scholarly journals Lichen functional traits and light influx in the analysis of environmental quality of subtropical riparian ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 107510
Author(s):  
Márcia Isabel Käffer ◽  
Renan Kauê Port ◽  
João B.G. Brito ◽  
Jairo Lizandro Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems

Resistance to Anthracnose Protects Forage Quality of Alfalfa

Crop Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Lenssen ◽  
E. L. Sorensen ◽  
G. L. Posler ◽  
D. L. Stuteville
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality

Constrained Shape Scaling of Trimmed NURBS Surfaces

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pifu Zhang ◽  
Caiming Zhang ◽  
Fuhua (Frank) Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nurbs Surface ◽  
Curvature Distribution ◽  
The Given ◽  
Boundary Curves

Abstract A method to scale and deform a trimmed NURBS surface while holding the shape and size of specific features (trimming curves) unchanged is presented. The new surface is formed by scaling the given surface according to the scaling requirement first; and then attaching the (original) features to the scaled NURBS surface at appropriate locations. The attaching process requires several geometric operations and constrained free-form surface deformation. The resulting surface has the same features as the original surface and same boundary curves as the scaled surface while reflecting the shape and curvature distribution of the scaled surface. This is achieved by minimizing a shape-preserving objective function which covers all the factors in the deformation process such as bending, stretching and spring effects. The resulting surface maintains a NURBS representation and, hence, is compatible with most of the current data-exchange standards. Test results on several car parts with trimming curves are included. The, quality of the resulting surfaces is examined using the highlight line model.

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