scholarly journals Building the Future on Lessons of Historic Reinforced Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5925
Author(s):  
Maria Bostenaru Dan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This contribution presents the way the construction material reinforced concrete was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, from both the technical (Hennebique system) and the philosophical points of view. The philosophy underlying the use of this material is evident in the theories on finding a language of form corresponding to tectonics, and its dialogue with timber, formulated by certain notable practicing architects of the time across Europe. Not to be neglected are aspects relating to the conservation of material and to interventions carried out over time. In Modernist times, this meant a change from the artistic expression of Art Nouveau. Today, it means technical adaptation. The paper addresses thus sustainability of intervention versus conservation.

scholarly journals Memória, história e tradição: um diálogo entre o velho e o novo no romance Lueji, o nascimento de um império

Navegações ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Fábio Henrique Novais de Mesquita ◽  
Márcia Manir Miguel Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
African Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Novel ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Way

As literaturas africanas em língua portuguesa despontam com muita força no século XX e, aos poucos, ganham espaço na contemporaneidade por meio de narrativas que problematizam a escrita da história a partir de epistemologias eurocêntricas. Nosso objetivo é analisar o romance Lueji, o nascimento de um império (1990), de Pepetela, a partir de olhares que nos ajudem a compreender de que forma a memória, a história e a tradição se entrelaçam em espaços-tempos diferentes e como as ações do presente se constituem por meio de uma reatualização da memória sem a pretensão de veracidade da história oficial. A tradição se constitui então como o elo entre o passado, a memória, e o futuro, reinvenção contínua do presente. As personagens centrais, Lu e Lueji, participam de realidades que questionam a força das tradições, dependendo das suas interpretações para validá-las ou não, cada uma em seus contextos. *** Memory, history and tradition: a dialogue between the old and the new novel Lueji, o nascimento de um império ***The African literatures in the Portuguese language appear and rise, strongly, in the 20th century and, slowly, get their space in the contemporaneity through the narratives which used to question the historical written based on the Eurocentric epistemology. Our goal is analyze the novel Lueji, o nascimento em um império (1990), by Pepetela, through points of view that help us to comprehend the way memory, story and tradition intertwine on different space-times and how the present actions are made by the memory upgrade without the needing of the legitimate story veracity. The tradition, therefore, was made as a bound between the past, memory and the future, a continuous present remake. The main characters, Lu and Lueji, participate on realities that question the traditions strength, depending on their interpretations to validate or no, each one in their own context.Keywords: Lueji; Angola; Lusophone African literature; Memory; History.

Does organizational action research have a future?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-2019) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
Marianne Kristiansen ◽  
Jørgen Bloch-Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
Organizational Action ◽  
The Way

This is not an ordinary article. It was written in response to some questions that the current and the former IJAR editors-in-chief asked us to reflect on. We did so gratefully, because this was a good opportunity to look back on 25 years of doing AR in organisations. The article describes four challenges of future organisational action research. Firstly, in the future an increasing number of skilled employees will make it necessary to move from co-influence of how to implement goals, to a greater degree of co-determination. Secondly, the article argues there is a need for an increased focus on documenting AR processes. Thirdly, the article calls for more selfcritical reflections on the concrete ways action researchers exercise power. Fourthly, questioning the possibilities of doing AR in organisations will become important in the future, due to socio-economic conditions such as lack of time. The article is based on a four-year research project that we carried out on various American and European approaches to action research in organisations in the 20th century. It includes, too, a description of our different personal ways into AR and some of the AR concepts we developed along the way.

Technology and Disabilities in the Century Ahead

2011 ◽  
pp. 2077-2081
Author(s):  
Ray Kurzweil
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Technology Trends ◽  
Over Time

I have been involved in inventing since I was five, and I quickly realized that for an invention to succeed, you have to target the world of the future. But what would the future be like? To find out, I became a student of technology trends and began to develop mathematical models of different technologies: computation, miniaturization, evolution over time. I have been doing that for 25 years, and it has been remarkable to me how powerful and predictive these models are. Now, before I show you some of these models and then try to build with you some of the scenarios for the future—and, in particular, focus on how these will benefit technology for the disabled—I would like to share one trend that I think is particularly profound and that many people fail to take into consideration. It is this: the rate of progress—what I call the “paradigmshift rate”—is itself accelerating. We are doubling this paradigm-shift rate every decade. The whole 20th century was not 100 years of progress as we know it today, because it has taken us a while to speed up to the current level of progress. The 20t h century represented about 20 years of progress in terms of today’s rate. And at today’s rate of change, we will achieve an amount of progress equivalent to that of the whole 20th century in 14 years, then as the acceleration continues, in 7 years. The progress in the 21st century will be about 1,000 times greater than that in the 20th century, which was no slouch in terms of change.

scholarly journals The Africa Platform and its awareness-raising activities. Panel discussion on the future of Rwanda (13 May 2015)

Afrika Focus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Verdoolaege
Keyword(s):  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Future ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Way ◽  
Artistic Performance

The reactions to this event were generally very positive; a great many interesting issues were touched upon and the atmosphere of the discussion allowed sufficient room for various points of view and an optimistic view on the future of Rwanda to be expressed. This was an excellent example of an event in which academic Africa expertise is made available to inform a broad public, in conjunction with an artistic performance. Also the input provided by the Rwandan diaspora was greatly valued. In the future, this is definitely the way in which the African Platform of Ghent University Association wishes to present itself to the academic community and beyond. 

6. Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Adam Sharr
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Steel Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structure Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Electric Light

It took until the first half of the 20th century for architects’ ideas to mature, in conjunction with the new materials of steel, reinforced concrete, and electric light, into the distinctive imagery now recognized as modern architecture. But that imagery was only the outward sign of new ways of organizing structure, space, and surface. The Conclusion clarifies that, for much of the 20th century, modern architecture stood for the place of the future—as related to the past—in the present. But the associations of those ideas about future, present, and past always remained complex, changing, and contested. For all its global effects, modernity was never a unified phenomenon.

scholarly journals The The Emigration of Muslims from the Greek state in the 19th century. An Outline

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Popek
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

Modern Greek statehood began to take shape with the War of Independence that broke out in 1821 and continued with varying intensity for the next years. As a result of these events, the Greeks cast of the foreign rule, which for many not only meant separation from the Ottoman Empire, but also the expulsion of Muslims living in these lands. During the uprising, about 25 000 Muslims lost their lives, and a similar number emigrated from the territory of the future Greek state. The next great exodus of Muslims from Greek lands was related to the annexation of Thessaly by the Hellenic Kingdom, which was to a larger extent spread over time. Since the region was incorporated into Greece until the beginning of the 20th century, the 40 000-strong Islamic community had virtually disappeared.

On the Way to Modern Society: the Shia Clergy in Early 20th Century Iranian Politics

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Anna Ardashnikova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Political Events ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Social and political events of the early 20 century caused the emergence of new concepts for the development of Iran, the relevance of which over time not only did not diminish, but increased. The agents of new ideology were both intellectual reformers of the secular circle and the Shia clergy, who actively participated in politics. The article, within the framework of an interdisciplinary study, examines the interaction of innovation and tradition at the stages of socio-political transformations that are crucial for Iran and highlights the arsenal of propaganda tools that were used in this process. Archival documentary materials and poetry of journalistic nature, which are first introduced into scientific circulation, allow to hear the “real voice” of the direct participants and witnesses of the events of this period.

Ieskats latviešu valodas izloksnēs apzinātajos biezputru nosaukumos

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Brigita Bušmane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

Porridge has long been one of the main dishes in the national diet. In the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, porridges were not only cooked on a daily basis on farms but more often (more frequently barley groats or potato-cooked groats) were associated with folk traditions and cooked at the end of each major work, such as sowing, cuts, threshing, finishing of linen plucking or a larger fabric. The names of some porridges form very broad thematic vocabulary groups. Their characteristic feature is semantic branching, i.e. the use of the same products, similarity in the way of cooking, their external features determine that the same word is used to describe different porridges. In the article, the names of porridge have been examined mainly from the semantic and areal points of view. Insights are provided into names that include a reference to the source product of the food and names that reveal an activity related to the preparation or use of the food. Several of the names considered cover smaller or larger areas (e. g. klecene, studzene, pļepene). The designation of the raw product is usually included in the first component resp. in the first part of the compound name for porridge (for example, miltu biezputra ‘flour porridge’, putraimbiezputra ‘groat porridge’, azbara biezputra ‘id.’). A reference to an activity carried out during the preparation of food may reveal its relationship to the food in question, either directly (e. g. kultene ‘stirred porridge’, karseknis ‘heated porridge’) or indirectly (e. g. šķeterene ‘twisted porridge’). The considered material also provides evidence of porridge names from the word-formational, morphological and phonetical points of view. For example, derivatives with the suffixes -en-, -in-, -nīc- (lecene, pankšene, biezine, kultenīca) are widespread, prefixal derivatives (papļepene, sakratene) and compounds (puspļepene) are found, the stem change (kratene, kratenis) is observed, the interchange of the consonants s and š (studzene, študzene) has been fixed.

The Future of the Professions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Susskind ◽  
Daniel Susskind
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The People ◽  
New Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

This book predicts the decline of today's professions and describes the people and systems that will replace them. In an Internet society, according to Richard Susskind and Daniel Susskind, we will neither need nor want doctors, teachers, accountants, architects, the clergy, consultants, lawyers, and many others, to work as they did in the 20th century. The Future of the Professions explains how 'increasingly capable systems' -- from telepresence to artificial intelligence -- will bring fundamental change in the way that the 'practical expertise' of specialists is made available in society. The authors challenge the 'grand bargain' -- the arrangement that grants various monopolies to today's professionals. They argue that our current professions are antiquated, opaque and no longer affordable, and that the expertise of their best is enjoyed only by a few. In their place, they propose six new models for producing and distributing expertise in society. The book raises important practical and moral questions. In an era when machines can out-perform human beings at most tasks, what are the prospects for employment, who should own and control online expertise, and what tasks should be reserved exclusively for people? Based on the authors' in-depth research of more than ten professions, and illustrated by numerous examples from each, this is the first book to assess and question the relevance of the professions in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Protests as “Events”: The Symbolic Struggles in 2013 Demonstrations in Turkey and Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (69) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça ◽  
Selen A. Ercan ◽  
Umut Ozguc ◽  
Stephanie Lorraine Gomes Reis ◽  
Paula Guimarães Simões
Keyword(s):  
Significant Shift ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
Frame Transformation ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Abstract Introduction: The concept of “event” offers a valuable lens to understand the discursive contestations in and around protests. Events create ruptures that disturb the logic of continuity and open up new way of thinking and talking about the past and the future. Drawing on this concept, this article analyzes the 2013 protests in Turkey and Brazil. It investigates how the causes of these protests were framed and debated in each country and how these frames shifted over time by opening up new interpretations of the past and the future. Materials and Methods: Data is generated from four Facebook pages capturing the messages posted during the first 30 days of protests in each country. In the Brazilian case, we collected the posts of: (1) Passe Livre São Paulo (301,787 likes), the group that started the wave of protests; and (2) O Gigante Acordou (155,690 likes), a collective that emerged during the protests, representing nationalist perspectives. In total, 626 posts were collected from both pages. In the Turkish case, we analyzed posts that appeared on the pages of : (1) Taksim Dayanismasi (82,479 likes), an association that played a significant role in organizing and mobilizing Gezi Park protests; and (2) Recep Tayyip Erdogan (6,957,408 likes), a pro-government and inherently anti-protest page. We coded each post inductively focusing particularly on the way they framed the causes of the protests. We then identified the number of times each frame was mentioned during the first 30 days of the protests and explored whether and how frames changed over time. Results: Our analysis reveals a significant shift in the way the causes of the protests were framed over time in both countries, yet with different implications. While in Brazil, we observe a frame transformation undermining the initial rationale of the protests, in Turkey we see a frame extension and the emergence of broader issues as the real causes of protests, such as the authoritarian nature of the regime and the restriction of democratic rights in this country. Discussion: The article offers a way of analysing protests based on a conceptual lens of event. It sheds light on the role of social media as a platform for symbolic struggles over the protests. Furthermore, the article opens up a debate about the developments of democracy in both countries.

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