Evaluation of Brassicaceae Seedlings as Trap Plants for Bagrada Hilaris Burmeister in Caper Bush Cultivations

The caper bush, Capparis spinosa (Brassicales: Capparaceae), is intensively grown on Pantelleria Island (Trapani, Sicily, Sicilian channel) where it has been granted protected geographical indication (PGI) by the EU. On this island, Bagrada hilaris, a stink bug native of Asia and Africa, is the major pest of caper crops. Recent studies have shown the attraction of B. hilaris to volatiles of brassicaceous plants at the seedling stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate three cotyledon-stage seedlings of host plants, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Eruca sativa (rocket) and Brassica carinata (Abyssinian cabbage), as potential trap plants for B. hilaris. The relative preferences of these species were first evaluated in laboratory and field experiments, carried out during summer when the level of B. hilaris infestation was the highest. Behavioral bioassays in the laboratory conditions showed that adults of B. hilaris preferred to orient toward seedlings of B. oleracea and E. sativa over B. carinata. Field experiments confirmed these results. Then seedlings were tested in trap plant trials, by sowing them in artificial pots formed with aluminum trays and placing them in caper fields infested with B. hilaris. Results showed that E. sativa and B. oleracea diverted hundreds of B. hilaris individuals from the capers to these sources of attraction. Overall, these results suggest that B. oleracea and E. sativa seedlings used as lure inside traps or as trap plants may be a useful tool in the management of B. hilaris populations.

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Relationship Between Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) and Fumonisin Contamination of Field Corn in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-18-1115-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 1189-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joseph Opoku ◽

Nathan M. Kleczewski ◽

Kelly A. Hamby ◽

D. Ames Herbert ◽

Sean Malone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Feeding Damage ◽

Fusarium Infection ◽

Field Corn

Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål) is an invasive agricultural pest that causes severe damage to many crops. To determine potential associations between H. halys feeding damage, Fusarium infection, and mycotoxin contamination in field corn, a field survey was conducted in eight counties in Virginia. Results indicated an association between H. halys feeding damage and fumonisin contamination. Subsequent field experiments in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia examined the ability of H. halys to increase Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg infection and fumonisin concentrations in corn. At the milk stage, H. halys (0 or 4 adults) and Fusarium (with or without F. verticillioides inoculum) treatments were applied to bagged ears in a two by two factorial randomized complete block design with 12 replicates. H. halys treatments increased levels of feeding damage (P < 0.0001) and Fusarium infection (P = 0.0380). Interaction between H. halys and Fusarium treatments influenced severity of infection (P = 0.0018) and fumonisin concentrations (P = 0.0360). Results suggest H. halys has the ability to increase both Fusarium infection and fumonisin concentrations in field corn. Further studies are needed to understand mechanisms by which H. halys increases fumonisin and to develop management strategies to mitigate impacts of H. halys on field corn in the region.

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Monitoring Nutrient Status of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Adults and Nymphs on Summer Holly

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects9030120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 120 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Victoria Skillman ◽

Nik Wiman ◽

Jana Lee

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Ecology ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Future Research ◽

Egg Load ◽

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Nutrient Index ◽

Major Pest ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Index Weight

Halyomorpha halys (Stål), or brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), has become a major pest and nuisance for both agricultural growers and homeowners since its arrival in North America and Europe. The nutritional ecology of BMSB is important for understanding its life history and rearing requirements. However, little is known about the nutritional status of wild populations, especially in the U.S. This research monitored the nutrient status of nymphal and adult BMSB collected from English holly in western Oregon. We measured their weight, nutrient index (weight/(prothorax × width)3), lipid, glycogen and sugar levels and egg load from May–September/October. First, glycogen and sugar levels of adults were often lowest sometime in June-August with a general increase by September. Meanwhile, their lipid levels varied without a discernible trend. Second, adult females had few eggs in May, with the highest egg load in June and July, and no eggs by September. Lastly, first and second nymphal instars were found in June, and fourth and fifth instars in September. Because nothing is known about the nutrient levels of nymphs, the reported values from this survey can assist future research on physiological responses of BMSB to treatments or environmental impacts in the field.

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The isolation and identification of pathogenic fungus from the diseased Tessaratomapapillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) and their pathogenicity

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2851v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Meng ◽

Junjie Hu ◽

Gecheng Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Southern China ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Rdna Its ◽

Major Pest

Background. Litchi stink-bug, Tessaratoma papillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) is a major pest on litchi and longan in Southern China. It is urgent to develop valid biological agent for control the pest and improve IPM strategy on orchard farming. Entomopathogenic fungi was regarded as avital ecological factor pressing pest populations in field, however, there were fewer searches conducted on entomopathogenic fungi against litchi stink-bug. Methods & Results. In this study, two pathogenic fungus were isolated from the adult diseased T. papillosa by normal methods and rDNA-ITS homogeneous analysis, they are identified as Paecilomyces lilacinus and Beauveria bassiana. Laboratory tests showed that the two entomopathogenic fungi both had a good lethal effect to young nymph and old nymph of T. papillosa. The toxicity determination showed that the LC50 value for Beauveria bassiana was higher than P. lilacinus. Conclusion.These pathogenic fungus did not have the risk of pollution or residue, and they can be a alternative option for integrated pest management approache.

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DISSIPATION RATE AND RESIDUES OF ACETAMIPRID AND IPRODIONE IN SWEET CHERRY FRUITS

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1601143l ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanja Lazić ◽

Dragana Šunjka ◽

Srđan Panić ◽

Zdravko Bjelica ◽

Slavica Vuković

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽

Cherry Orchard ◽

Major Pest ◽

Novi Sad

A neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid and dicarboximide fungicide iprodione,are used in sweet cherry for control of the major pest (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) andpathogen (Monilia laxa). For the purpose of the safe consumption of agriculturalproducts after pesticide application, studies on their dissipation kinetics areessential to work out their half-lives (DT50) and pre-harvest intervals (PHI).However, there is a lack of information on the persistence of acetamiprid andiprodione in sweet cherry fruits in different climatic conditions of production.Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the dissipation andresidues of acetamiprid and iprodione in sweet cherry fruits, as well as to evaluatethe validity of prescribed PHI for these pesticides. Field experiments wereconducted in a sweet cherry orchard, near Novi Sad, where acetamiprid andiprodione were applied at a recommended concentration. At various time intervals,from treatment to harvest, having in mind PHI (14 days for acetamiprid and 7 daysfor iprodione) representative samples of sweet cherry fruits were collected.Extraction of pesticides was carried out by QuEChERS method, followed byHPLC-DAD analysis. The method was validated in accordance with theSANCO/12571/2013 document and was used the determination of pesticides inreal sweet cherry samples. During the study period, the concentration ofacetamiprid and iprodione decreased from 0.52 mg/kg to 0.11 mg/kg and from 0.29mg/kg to 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The dissipation of acetamiprid and iprodioneresidues over the time fitted to the equation Ct=0.52-0.22t and Ct=0.29-0.20t, with DT50of 3.15 and 3.47 days, respectively. Finally, the content of acetamiprid andiprodione in sweet cherry samples, at the end of PHI, were below the maximumallowed level specified by the Serbian (1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and EU MRLs (1.5mg/kg and 10 mg/kg).

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Pheromone trapping system for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Saudi Arabia: Optimization of trap contents and placement

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2017.v29.i12.1564 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 936

Author(s):

Mahmoud M. Abdel-Azim Paraj Shukla

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Date Palm ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Management Program ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽

Pheromone Trapping ◽

Major Pest ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Date Fruits

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is a major pest of date palm. The pheromone-based mass trapping of weevils has traditionally been an important component of integrated pest management program for this pest. In order to maximize the trap catches, six field experiments were conducted in the present study including evaluation of stump trap, lures, lure synergist ethyl acetate, kairomones, food baits and yeast. The stump trap lured more weevils than the tree trap. The three tested pheromone lures were similar in attraction but with ethyl acetate, Ferrolure+™ lured more weevils than RHYFER™. Amongst the tested kairomones, acetic acid and ethyl acetate alone and together emerged as strong synergists to lure. The date fruits, date palm stem pieces and sugarcane pieces attracted similar number of weevils but in presence of ethyl acetate, date fruits attracted significantly more adults. Date fruits attracted more weevils with yeast than alone but overall, date fruits, yeast and ethyl acetate together recorded the highest trap catches. The differences in attraction of weevils due to various treatments have been analyzed and results are discussed.

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Regional Variation in Captures of Male Paralobesia viteana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Monitoring Traps in Michigan Is Not Due to Geographical Variation in Male Response to Pheromone

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvab033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keith Mason ◽

Rufus Isaacs

Keyword(s):

Regional Variation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Trials ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Male Response ◽

Paralobesia Viteana ◽

Southwest Region ◽

Major Pest ◽

Monitoring Traps ◽

Pheromone Blend

Abstract Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), grape berry moth, is a major pest of grapes in Eastern North America. There is substantial regional variation in the response of male P. viteana to sex pheromone-baited monitoring traps in Michigan vineyards. Males are readily captured in traps in the southwest region, whereas in the northwest very few males are captured, despite larval infestation in grapes in both regions. Y-tube olfactometers and field experiments determined the response of male moths from northern and southern populations to the pheromone blend used in monitoring lures and to females from both regions. In Y-tube choice tests, males responded similarly to the standard pheromone blend, and males did not preferentially choose females from either region. In field trials, traps baited with unmated females were deployed to test the preference of resident males for females from the two regions and for standard pheromone lures. In southwest Michigan vineyards, significantly more males were caught in traps with a 1.0-µg standard pheromone lure than in traps with captive females collected from vineyards in both regions or in traps with a blank lure control. A similar pattern of male captures among lure treatments was observed in northwest vineyards, although many fewer males were trapped and differences among treatments were not significant. We conclude that the observed regional differences in male response to pheromone traps are not caused by variation in pheromone-mediated behavioral responses, suggesting that other biotic and/or abiotic differences determine the regional variation in captures of this species.

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Body position of the stink bug Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) during feeding from stems of maize seedlings

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.18250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 304-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. R. Panizzi ◽

T. Lucini

Keyword(s):

Body Position ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Histological Studies ◽

Clear Explanation ◽

Feeding Activities ◽

Main Production ◽

Major Pest ◽

Production Areas ◽

Heavy Damage

Abstract The Neotropical green-belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) is a major pest of maize, Zea mays L. in the main production areas of Brazil. It usually feeds on the stems of young plants (seedlings) causing heavy damage by affecting the plant growth and mitigating seed yield. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine body position (upward or downward) of the bug on plant (seedling) stem during feeding and not feeding activities. Ten visual records were taken per day, each spaced one hour during 30 days of 10 adult bugs of similar age exposed to maize seedlings inside cages (plastic tubes). At each observation, it was recorded if the bug was feeding on the stem (i.e., stylets inserted into the plant tissue) or not, and its body position. During feeding, waveforms were recorded using the EPG (electropenetrography) technique, which were correlated with histological studies to reveal the feeding sites. Results indicated that when they were feeding, the majority of the bugs were in the downward position. In contrast, when the bugs were on the plants, and not feeding, they were mostly in the upward position. Waveforms generated using the EPG coupled with histological studies demonstrated that during ingestion bugs fed from the xylem vessels and from the parenchyma tissue using cell rupture strategy in the latter. No clear explanation was found to explain the preferred downward body position during ingestion, but some hypothesis are speculated.

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Natural insecticide based-leaves extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) in the control of stink bug brown soybean

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20131277 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1915-1920 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ludmila Porto Piton ◽

Leonardo Morais Turchen ◽

Alessandra Regina Butnariu ◽

Mônica Josene Barbosa Pereira

Keyword(s):

Stink Bug ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Natural Insecticide ◽

Euschistus Heros ◽

Survival And Reproduction ◽

Major Pest ◽

Development Phases ◽

Piper Aduncum ◽

Contact Bioassay

This research aimed to evaluate the insecticide potential of the leaves extract of Piper aduncum (L.) (Piperaceae) on development of brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.), major pest in soybean crop in Mato Grosso State. For this a bioassay was conducted with eggs, nymphs and adults of this stink bug, using the concentrations 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 8.0%, of the extract acetonic of P. aduncum and acetone for control. It was evaluated the numbers of unviable eggs, nymphs death and longevity, fecundity and fertility of the adults. In the immersing eggs bioassay, all concentrations greater than 1% unviable more than 70% of the eggs, while in the contact bioassay only 19% of the eggs were unviable in 8% concentration, differing of control. In nymphs bioassay the concentrations of 8% and 4% caused death of 72% and 52%, respectively. In adults bioassay all concentrations tested reduced significantly the survival and reproduction of the insects. Thus is evidence that P. aduncum is a potential plant for stink bug control, because it had deleterious action in all development phases on E. heros.

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Mode of Action and Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Control of Caterpillars and Stink Bugs in Soybean Culture

ISRN Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2014/135675 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Rogério Schünemann ◽

Neiva Knaak ◽

Lidia Mariana Fiuza

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Major Pest

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces delta-endotoxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides, as well as a source of genes for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to insects. In Brazil, the introduction of Bt soybean with insecticidal properties to the velvetbean caterpillar, the main insect pest of soybean, has been seen a promising tool in the management of these agroecosystems. However, the increase in stink bug populations in this culture, in various regions of the country, which are not susceptible to the existing genetically modified plants, requires application of chemicals that damage the environment. Little is known about the actual toxicity of Bt to Hemiptera, since these insects present sucking mouthparts, which hamper toxicity assays with artificial diets containing toxins of this bacterium. In recent studies of cytotoxicity with the gut of different hemipterans, susceptibility in the mechanism of action of delta-endotoxins has been demonstrated, which can generate promising subsidies for the control of these insect pests in soybean. This paper aims to review the studies related to the selection, application and mode of action of Bt in the biological control of the major pest of soybean, Anticarsia gemmatalis, and an analysis of advances in research on the use of Bt for control hemipterans.

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Characterization of flavonoids from candidate striga grass in controlling diet legumes Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f160204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 83-98

Author(s):

ANYANGO ANNA AKUMU ◽

HUDSON NYAMBAKA ◽

SERGE PHILIBERT KUATE ◽

BALDWYN TORTO

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

High Performance ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Trap Plants ◽

Potential Trap ◽

A New Technique ◽

Cereal Plants

Akumu AA, Nyambaka H, Kuate SP, Torto B.2018. Characterization of flavonoids from candidate striga grass in controlling diet legumes Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata.Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 83-98. In Africa, intercropping of some legumes with cereal plants has been noticed to generate exceptional reduction of Striga invasion and enhanced production of cereal crop. Desmodium uncinatum administers Striga invasion in intercrop with cereals through an allelopathic technique, which includes postsprouting accretion inhibitors emanated from the roots. Having a potential to be a new technique for grass administering, Allelopathy is a natural and environmentally friendly method. A standardized profiling technique based on Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) was utilized to determine flavonoids in extracts of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and mung bean (Vigna radiata), potential trap plants for Striga grass. Nine flavonoids involving mono-and diglycosyl derivatives of fisetin, baicalein, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, formononetin, quercetin, isosakuranetin, and sakuranetin were temporarily distinguished. The obtained phenolics were available at concentrations higher than 0.001% of the dry materials. Many of these phenolic mixtures have been claimed to possess human health advantages. These glycosylated flavones are noted for the first time in these two species. The comprehensive analysis of the polar secondary metabolites in these leguminous plants was useful for comprehending their inhibitory chemistry and proposed biosynthesis by C-glucoside characteristics. All the segregated and described mixtures in the diet legume C. arietinum were O-glucosylated. While, Food legume V. radiata should be observed further to see if it can attain Desmodium’s allelopathic ability since it possesses inhibitory chemistry and proposed biosynthesis by C-glucosylation.

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