scholarly journals Implications of Energy Intensity Ratio for Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6925
Author(s):  
Jiabin Chen ◽  
Shaobo Wen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Effect ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are mainly derived from fossil energy use, which is composed of procedures involving extraction of energy from the natural system as well as its exchange and consumption in the social system. However, recent research on low-carbon transitions considers the cost of energy commodities from a separate perspective—a biophysical or monetary perspective. We introduce the energy intensity ratio (EIR), which is a novelty perspective combining biophysical and monetary metrics to estimate the cost of energy commodities in the low-carbon energy transitions. This combination is essential, since the feedback of energy into the biophysical system will influence the performance of energy in the economic system and vice versa. Based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), we developed the EIR-LMDI method to explain the changes in CO2 emissions. The changes in CO2 emissions caused by the EIR are the net energy effect. In China, the net energy effect kept CO2 emissions at a compound annual growth rate of 6.15% during 2007–2018. Especially after 2014, the net energy effect has been the largest driver of the increase in CO2 emissions. During the study period, high net energy usually indicated high CO2 emissions. Coal is the most important energy commodity and dominates the net energy effect; the least volatile component is the EIR of natural gas. The EIR affects CO2 emissions by the price crowding-out effect and the scale expansion effect, which make the process of low-carbon transition uncertain. The results illuminate that policymakers should monitor the net energy effect to prevent it from offsetting efforts to reduce energy intensity.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF THE COST OF ELECTRICITY ON THE VOLUME OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Kononov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Cost

The strategy of low-carbon development of the economy and energy of Russia provides for the introduction of a fee (tax) for carbon dioxide emissions by power plants. This will seriously affect their prospective structure and lead to an increase in electricity prices. The expected neg-ative consequences for national and energy security are great. But serious and multilateral research is needed to properly assess these strategic threats

Using the Energy Intensity Ratio as an Assessment Tool for Near Term US Energy Strategy in Transportation and Petrochemicals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davion M. Hill ◽  
Carey King
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Returns On Investment

Conventional fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal have historically provided reasonable financial returns on investment as well as energy returned on energy invested (EROEI), despite the fact that continuous financial and energy inputs are required to use these fuels. Besides EROEI, the energy intensity ratio (EIR) is another measure for energy use and economics. The EIR is the ratio of energy bought per dollar to the energy it takes to make a dollar in the economy. In this case we are considering the cost of petroleum per barrel, and therefore we are discussing EIRp or EIR of oil based upon price. The EIRp is related to historical economical data and conclusions will be drawn about the value of EIRp as an economic indicator. Then, EIRp will be used as a tool to demonstrate the value of shifting energy resources from petroleum to alternatives, specifically for transportation and petrochemicals. The considerations for modern economic conditions as they compare to historical economic conditions will be explained, and the viability of policy and alternative technological transportation scenarios will be described in terms of EIRp and its relationship to vehicle miles travelled.

scholarly journals Emerging Photovoltaic (PV) Materials for a Low Carbon Economy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4131
Author(s):  
Ilke Celik ◽  
Ramez Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad ◽  
Zhaoning Song ◽  
Michael Heben ◽  
Defne Apul
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost

Emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies have a potential to address the shortcomings of today’s energy market which heavily depends on the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation. We created inventories that offer insights into the environmental impacts and cost of all the materials used in emerging PV technologies, including perovskites, polymers, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and quantum dots. The results show that the CO2 emissions associated with the absorber layers are much less than the CO2 emissions associated with the contact and charge selective layers. The CdS (charge selective layer) and ITO (contact layer) have the highest environmental impacts compared to Al2O3, CuI, CuSCN, MoO3, NiO, poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT)), phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), poly polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), SnO2, spiro-OMeTAD, and TiO2 (charge selective layers) and Al, Ag, Cu, FTO, Mo, ZnO:In, and ZnO/ZnO:Al (contact layers). The cost assessments show that the organic materials, such as polymer absorbers, CNT, P3HT and spiro-OMeTAD, are the most expensive materials. Inorganic materials would be more preferable to lower the cost of solar cells. All the remaining materials have a potential to be used in the commercial PV market. Finally, we analyzed the cost of PV materials based on their material intensity and CO2 emissions, and concluded that the perovskite absorber will be the most eco-efficient material that has the lowest cost and CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Firm's Imperfect Compliance and Pollution Emissions: Theory and Evidence from South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yu Kun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon emissions exacerbate global climate change. Transitioning away from coal is a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Although many articles have considered the issue of manufacturers' production and emission of pollution. Few papers have discussed the impact of environmental tax and fuel tax on the cost of environmental degradation. This paper seeks to fill this gap by developing a theoretical model to discuss the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. Furthermore, in order to support the theoretical results and testify the relationship between carbon emissions and taxation, we take South Africa as a case for discussing the effect of environmental taxation and fuel levy on firms' carbon emissions. We show that the impact of environmental taxes on carbon dioxide emissions is greater than that of fuel taxes on carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, we find that the GDP level of South Africa is on the left of the inflection points of Kuznets Curve. In other words, the current growth of South Africa's economy is at the cost of worsening the environmental degradation.

China City Industrial Structure Planning and Industry Trends of Low Carbon Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 977-983
Author(s):  
Yu Xing Chen ◽  
Hui Luo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Carbon Economy

The article in had the selection based on industrial energy consumption, industrial energy intensity, industrial carbon dioxide emissions, industrial carbon dioxide Emissions intensity and industrial carbon productivity index analysis such as China's industrial economic development three stages of evolution characteristics of low carbon, and according to the 1985 ~ 2007 China work Industry economic data through the regression analysis forecast industry a low carbon economy future development tendency. The analysis results show that, from 1985 to 2007 years although energy consumption Quantity and industrial carbon emissions overall a growing trend, but the industrial strength of energy consumption declined, industrial carbon production ability enhancement, industrial energy intensity reducing to reduce co2 emissions larger contribution, based on this proposed to promote the development of China's industrial low carbon specific Suggestions.

scholarly journals CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from 30 Provinces in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shaohui Zou ◽  
Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Growth Energy

Under the situation of global low-carbon development, the contradiction among energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions is increasingly prominent. Considering the possible two-way feedback among the three, based on the panel data of 30 regions in China from 2000 to 2017, this paper establishes a spatial Durbin model including economic growth, energy consumption equation, and CO2 emissions and studies the dynamic relationship and spatial spillover among economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions effects. The results show that the economic growth can significantly improve carbon dioxide emissions, and China’s economic growth level has become a positive driving force for carbon dioxide emissions. However, economic growth will not be significantly affected by the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. There is a two-way relationship between energy consumption (ENC) and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). Energy consumption and carbon emissions are interrelated, which has a negative spatial spillover effect on the carbon dioxide emissions of the surrounding provinces and cities.

scholarly journals The Economic Analysis of Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Yu Kun Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
We-me Ho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Coal Supply ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Path

Transitioning away from coal supply is a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Although many articles have considered the issue of manufacturers' production and emission of pollution. Few papers have discussed the interrelations among CO2 emissions, economic growth and coal supply on the cost of environmental degradation.This paper seeks to fill this gap by using some empirical tests including unit root, ARDL bounds test and impulse effect to check the causality among carbon emission, economic growth and coal supply The time series used in the model ranged from 1990 to 2016. We specifically take China as a case to analyze. The main results show that there exist only one-way positive causality between LGDP (dependent variable) and LCO2 (independent variable), in addition, we show China's GDP growth in recent years has gradually decoupled from CO2 emissions, in other words, the current growth of China's economy is not at the cost of worsening the environmental degradation, Furthermore, we outline that the generalized impulse response between LCO2 and LGDP is higher than that of LCOALSUPPLY and LGDP.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Energy-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Turkish Energy-intensive Sectors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir BEKTAŞ
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been a critical priority of global environmental policy. The leading cause of the increase in GHG triggering global warming in the atmosphere is the continuously growing demand for universal energy due to population and economic growth. Energy efficiency and reduction of CO2 emissions in highly-energy consuming sectors of Turkey are critical in deciding a low-carbon transition. In this study, the change of energy-related CO2 emissions in Turkey’s energy-intensive four sectors from 1998 to 2017 is analyzed based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. It is used to decompose CO2 equivalent emissions changes in these sectors into five driving forces; changes in economic activity, activity mix, energy intensity, energy mix, and emission factors. Analytical results indicate that economic activity is a vital decisive factor in determining the change in CO2 emissions as well as sectoral energy intensity. The activity effect has raised CO2 emissions, while energy intensity has decreased. This method indicates that the impact of the energy intensity could be the first key determinant of GHG emissions. Turkey's efforts to be taken in these sectors in adopting low carbon growth policies and reducing energy-related emissions to tackle climate change are clarified in detail.

An Analysis of the Energy Performance and Economic Efficiency of the Practical use of Low Carbon Fumed Silica Insulation Panel Using Recycled Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Gyeong Seok Choi ◽  
Su Jin Woo ◽  
Seong Eon Lee ◽  
Jae Sik Kang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Made In

Based on the increase of the global interest in climate change, various political and technological efforts are being made in Korea in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, considered to be one of the main causes of greenhouse gas effects. Low energy and low carbon technologies with high reusability that enhance the performance of architectural materials have been developed in the architectural construction field [1]. This study has developed an FS insulation panel using recycled resources, and has verified the enhancement of economic efficiency, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, and enhanced energy performance of the developed insulating panel. The results of the analysis have confirmed a 1.2t reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and a 7.3% increase in energy performance in comparison to standard insulators based on the existing legislative standards. Furthermore, cost effectiveness was also seen as the cost increased by 72% with a 10 year return period.

GREENING THE UK BUILDING STOCK: Historic Trends and Low Carbon Futures 1970-2050

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Brown ◽  
G P Hammond ◽  
C I Jones ◽  
F J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Uk

Historic trends and future projections of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions associated with the United Kingdom building stock are analysed for the period 1970-2050. Energy use in housing is found to rise at a slightly slower rate than the increase in household numbers, which totalled some 25.5 million in 2000. It appears feasible to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the UK domestic building stock by more than 65% by 2050. But this would require a significant take-up of energy saving measures and the adoption of various low or zero carbon (LZC) energy technologies. Non-domestic buildings consisted of some 1.98 million premises in 2000. Anticipated changes in the UK Building Regulations will lead to reductions in energy use and carbon emissions of up to 17% and 12% respectively for 2010 standard buildings. Improvements in the non-domestic building stock and industrial processing could lead to a reduction of nearly 59% in CO2 emissions, via the adoption of LZC energy technologies. Thus, the potential for ‘greening' the UK building stock – making it environmentally benign - is large, but the measures needed to achieve this would present a significant challenge to the UK government, domestic householders, and industry in the broadest sense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document