scholarly journals From the Total-Factor Framework to Food Cost Performance Disaggregation—Developing an Innovative Model to Enhance Menu Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9552
Author(s):  
Chin-Yi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Quadrant Analysis ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Better Than

The menu serves as a form of advertisement and has also been recognized as an important marketing communication tool between restaurant and consumer. Extant literature have assessed the menu item performance by using the multi-factor efficiency index. However, there is a paucity of literature focusing on the efficiency disaggregation in order to improve the performance of individual food, labor, and other resources. The aim of this study was to determine the input targets for each menu item by comparing the efficiency frontier established by all menu items in two types of restaurant chains. In order to achieve this goal, the study sought to establish the food and labor cost performance assessment model utilizing the total-factor framework combined with a slack-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in data envelopment analysis (DEA) (SBM-DEA). Resource-saving target ratios (RSTR) for panel data with 35 menu items in these two different cultural type of restaurant chains including Chinese-style and Japanese-style restaurants for twelve months were assessed in a total-factor framework. The four-quadrant analysis based on efficiency and unit profit offered different strategies to the restaurateur being studied. The empirical findings indicated that the average total-factor food cost efficiency (TFFCE) was better than the total-factor labor cost efficiency (TFLCE) in these two types of restaurants. The TFFCE (80%) and TFLCE (61%) of the Chinese-style restaurant were better than those (TFFCE (76%) and TFLCE (50%)) of the Japanese-style restaurant in the observant periods. Even though the Chinese-style restaurant had a better resource efficiency, the restaurateur was still able to improve at least 20% in terms of food cost efficiency and 39% of labor cost efficiency, respectively. Managerial discussion and future study are also discussed.

An Efficient Sixth-Order Convergent Newton-Type Iterative Method for Nonlinear Equations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2585-2588
Author(s):  
Zhong Yong Hu ◽  
Fang Liang ◽  
Lian Zhong Li ◽  
Rui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Method ◽  
Nonlinear Equations ◽  
Newton’S Method ◽  
Newton's Method ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Sixth Order ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we present a modified sixth order convergent Newton-type method for solving nonlinear equations. It is free from second derivatives, and requires three evaluations of the functions and two evaluations of derivatives per iteration. Hence the efficiency index of the presented method is 1.43097 which is better than that of classical Newton’s method 1.41421. Several results are given to illustrate the advantage and efficiency the algorithm.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Analysis of CFI Schemes with Different Length of Displaced Left-Turn Lanes with Entropy Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6917
Author(s):  
Binghong Pan ◽  
Shasha Luo ◽  
Jinfeng Ying ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Shangru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making

As an unconventional design to alleviate the conflict between left-turn and through vehicles, Continuous Flow Intersection (CFI) has obvious advantages in improving the sustainability of roadway. So far, the design manuals and guidelines for CFI are not enough sufficient, especially for the displaced left-turn lane length of CFI. And the results of existing research studies are not operational, making it difficult to put CFI into application. To address this issue, this paper presents a methodological procedure for determination and evaluation of displaced left-turn lane length based on the entropy method considering multiple performance measures for sustainable transportation, including traffic efficiency index, environment effect index and fuel consumption. VISSIM and the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) were used to simulate the operational and safety performance of CFI. The multi-attribute decision-making method (MADM) based on an entropy method was adopted to determine the suitability of the CFI schemes under different traffic demand patterns. Finally, the procedure was applied to a typical congested intersection of the arterial road with heavy traffic volume and high left-turn ratio in Xi’an, China, the results showed the methodological procedure is reasonable and practical. According to the results, for the studied intersection, when the Volume-to-Capacity ratio (V/C) in the westbound and eastbound lanes is less than 0.5, the length of the displaced left-turn lanes can be selected in the range of 80 to 170 m. Otherwise, other solutions should be considered to improve the traffic efficiency. The simulation results of the case showed CFI can significantly improve the traffic efficiency. In the best case, compared with the conventional intersection, the number of vehicles increases by 13%, delay, travel time, number of stops, CO emission, and fuel consumption decrease by 41%, 29%, 25%, 17%, and 17%, respectively.

Telephone-Based Menus: Evidence that Broader is Better than Deeper

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Virzi ◽  
John S. Huitema
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Ivr Systems ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Voice Response ◽  
Menu Item Selection

Recent guidelines intended for designers of telephone menus for Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems advocate keeping menus to four or fewer items. Additional items, the guidelines recommend, should appear on a secondary menu accessible from the first. The current study compared this deep-menu approach to a broad-menu approach wherein all the items appear on a single menu. Item selection times favored the broad-menu approach for both repeated and unique trials, casting some doubt on the validity of this particular guideline.

Developing Global Supply Chain Manager for Business Expansion

2018 ◽  
pp. 5327-5334
Author(s):  
Puspita Wulansari ◽  
Yudi Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
International Business ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Chain Processes ◽  
Better Than

Global competition has forces companies to continuously innovate by frequently asses and improve their supply chain processes, flexibility and fast delivery as effectiveness required in each supply chain processes. This is to ensure cost efficiency, faster delivery and in the end would lead to customer satisfaction and perform better than competitors. To be able to perform better among competitors and improving firms supply chain performance, firms need the talents who able to manage global resources effectively and understand culture, suppliers/ workers attitude and comply with global regulations. Success implementation of global supply chain has linked with talents capability to maximize manage global resources. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the competency needed of global supply chain managers to support international business expansion.

scholarly journals Diverse Schemes of Cost Pooling for Carbon- Reduction Outsourcing in Low-Carbon Supply Chains

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinpeng Wang ◽  
Longfei He ◽  
Daozhi Zhao ◽  
Michele Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
External Expert ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Better Than

Among responses to governmental regulations for curbing carbon emissions, outsourcing carbon reduction to a specialized third-party is an important means to satisfy a variety of carbon-emission restraints. In this situation, however, designing efficient contracts for emission reducing while retaining appropriate supply-chain profit is a substantial but challenging problem. We therefore refine this from practice and consider a low-carbon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer to analyze in which conditions the system should outsource its carbon reduction efforts to an external expert firm under the assumption that consumers with a sense of social responsibility prefer low carbon products. In the decarbonization expert firm embedded supply chain, we examine the respective impacts of three cost-pooling schemes for emission reduction on supply chain performances. We find that the manufacturer-undertaking contract is the worst in terms of profit and carbon reduction level among the contracts being studied, while the retailer-undertaking contract yields the best outcome in terms of the profit and performs well in carbon reduction when the contractor has cost efficiency in carbon reduction, which is even better than the joint-undertaking contract in carbon reduction when the contractor is inefficient. The study shows the diversity of contracts on outsourcing carbon reduction significantly impacts the supply chain profitability, carbon reduction efficiency and sustainability of operations.

Three-Step Method with Fifth-Order Convergence for Nonlinear Equation

2013 ◽  
Vol 846-847 ◽  
pp. 1274-1277
Author(s):  
Ying Peng Zhang ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Equation ◽  
Iterative Method ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Newton Methods ◽  
Order Convergence ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Fifth Order ◽  
Modified Newton Methods ◽  
Better Than

We present a fifth-order iterative method for the solution of nonlinear equation. The new method is based on two ordinary methods, which are modified Newton methods without second derivatives. Its efficiency index is 1.37973 which is better than that of Newton's method. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed method.

Environmental and Cost Assessment of Several Injection Molded Powder Electronics Packaging Materials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misha V. Sahakian ◽  
Malcolm O. Brown ◽  
Sundar V. Atre ◽  
Karl R. Haapala
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Transfer Properties ◽  
Better Than

Electronics manufacturing technology has been advancing at an increasing rate for the past few decades and has forced related industries to do the same. One related industry involves the packaging technology used to enclose chips for power electronics. As demands of electronics manufacturers continue to increase in terms of cost, performance, and environmental impacts, so do demands on the packaging technologies involved. A variety of packaging materials have been used and proposed. The performance of each material varies in terms of ease of manufacturing, as well as its heat transfer properties. This study addresses performance, cost, and environmental impact measures to assist in selecting the most appropriate electronics packaging material. A performance study identified epoxy, aluminum nitride (AlN), and silicon carbide (SiC) to be the most viable options. Further analysis then found that epoxy outperforms the other options in terms of cost and environmental impact on a per-part basis, with AlN shown to be slightly better than SiC according to both metrics. Since it is known that AlN and SiC have superior material performance to epoxy packaging, further investigation is warranted to elucidate these relative differences, which will result in a more representative functional unit for comparative analysis.

Study on the Development of Resource-Saving High Performance Slurry - Polishing/CMP for Glass Substrates in a Radical Polishing Environment, Using Manganese Oxide Slurry as an Alternative for Ceria Slurry

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro K. Doi ◽  
Tsutomu Yamazaki ◽  
Syuhei Kurokawa ◽  
Yoji Umezaki ◽  
Osamu Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Quality Surface ◽  
Better Than

While investigating polishing mechanism of glass substrates with ceria abrasives (CeO2), we found its oxidizing properties worked effectively for the polishing. This finding has inspired us to speculate about the possibility of the manganese oxide abrasives as an alternative for ceria as they also have oxidizing properties. Therefore, focusing on the valence of the manganese, we have experimentally manufactured MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 abrasives, and conducted a comparison study of the characteristics obtained with ceria slurry and manganese oxide slurries. As a result, the surface roughness of below Ra 0.8nm obtained with Mn2O3 slurry was found better than that with the conventional ceria slurry, on top of which, its removal rate was as good as or equal to that of ceria. Using a novel, closed type CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) machine, we conducted another glass polishing experiment with ceria and manganese oxide slurries. The inside of the CMP machine was filled with high-pressure gases such as oxygen, air and nitrogen and kept at 500kPa to make the polishing environment radical. Through this experiment, we found an effective polishing method for high-quality surface. The removal rates were several times better than that of the conventional polishing performed in an open CMP machine.

scholarly journals Determinants of banks’ cost efficiency: a case study of selected commercial banks, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Astereye Enyew Ereta ◽  
Eshetu Yadecha Bedada ◽  
Tesfaye Ginbare Gutu
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Cost Inefficiency

This study examines the determinants of cost efficiency commercial banks’ in Ethiopian using balanced panel data with a sample of 13 commercial banks over the period 2010-2017 by paying a translog stochastic cost frontier approach. The identification and selection of inputs and outputs variables was based on the intermediation approach. Accordingly, three input variables (cost of labor, cost of capital, and cost of fund) and two output variables (total loans and other earning assets) are used in the study. Furthermore, five banks specific and one macroeconomic variable are included to examine their effect on cost efficiency. So as to examine the effect of determinant variables which are associated with banks efficiency, a single stage maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to stochastic frontier cost function. The empirical estimations were accomplished by Appling a single stage maximum likelihood function assimilated into Stata software. The estimation is based on conditional mean model concepts. The finding shows that from bank specific factors, return on assets (ROA), and intermediation ratio have positive and significant for intermediation (IR) and insignificant for ROA with cost inefficiency. On the other hand, Bank size (lnTA), Credit risk (CR) and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) have a significant negative coefficient with cost inefficiency. GDP also has negative but insignificant with inefficiency. Therefore, banks are recommended to improve and sustain their efficiency by maintaining available proportion of capital adequacy ratio and attract high value, low interest-bearing demand deposits.

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