Agroforestry in the Andean Araucanía: An Experience of Agroecological Transition with Women from Cherquén in Southern Chile

Agroforestry is a practice used for the establishment of integrated production systems as an economic alternative. In Chile, the most significant experiences have been developed with rainfed farmers in the central zone, where the arboreal component is the predominant one. This study analyses the agroecological transition process of a group of women from the Andean foothills of southern Chile in the establishment of an agroforestry system based on rosehip. The field work was developed in 4 stages: (1) problem survey and definition of strategy; (2) identification of an alternative market; (3) perception of the data collection work and; (4) implementation of a demonstration unit; which included (a) workshops and meetings for discussion, reflection, and feedback on what had been done and to agree on the actions to be implemented; and (b) the development of different activities to implement the actions agreed in the workshops and meetings. The results of this research show that agroecological projects open doors to the participation, visibility, and valorization of women’s work while moving towards sustainable agroforestry systems integrated into the landscape.

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Soil-litter Collembolan Diversity in an Arabica Coffee-Benguet Pine-Based Agroforestry System

CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.22137/ijst.2021.v5n1.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 35-46

Author(s):

Luis Lang-Udan Calama ◽

◽

Elaida Fiegalan ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Production Systems ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Positive Association ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Richness Index

The study aimed to determine the effect of Arabica coffee- Benguet pine based agroforestry system on soil-litter collembolan diversity. Under this agroforestry system, two coffee production systems were identified in this study, the Agroforestry Coffee System (ACS) and Lone Coffee System (LCS). ACS have coffee plants growing under Benguet pine trees while LCS have coffee plants that are not under any shade trees. Shannon diversity index (H’), Margalef’s richness index (Dmg), Soil temperature (ST), and Soil Moisture Content (SMC) data were gathered and subjected to linear regression with correlation analysis, and student T-test. The result of this study revealed a higher species richness of collembola under ACS (Dmg =3.52±0.47) than LCS (Dmg = 1.75±0.36). Similarly, ACS has higher diversity index (H’ = 1.68±0.66) than LCS (H’ = 0.90±0.49). ACS ST and SMC was 18.60±0.21℃ and 68.34±12.22% while LCS was 21.24±1.31℃ and 55.38±5.52%. ST had significant negative association with diversity and SMC had positive association with diversity. However, only Dmg had significant correlation with SMC. In regression analysis, 18.7% of the total variation in H’ was explained by ST. While for Dmg, 56.6% and 21.7% of its total variations were explained by ST and SMC, respectively. These results showed that ACS can conserve collembolan diversity because it creates a microclimatic condition favorable for the collembolans. This finding could serve as basis for endeavors to promote and develop agroforestry systems.

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Benefits of Legume Species in an Agroforestry Production System of Yellow Pitahaya in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13169261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 9261

Author(s):

Yadira Vargas-Tierras ◽

Alejandra Díaz ◽

Carlos Caicedo ◽

Julio Macas ◽

Alfonso Suárez-Tapia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

C Sequestration ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Legume Species ◽

Erythrina Poeppigiana ◽

Ecuadorian Amazon

Agroforestry systems have become an alternative that promotes the conservation of natural resources and the sustainable production of fruit crops in the Ecuadorian Amazon. However, it is required to demonstrate the benefit of the companion species that make up these production systems. The objective of this research was to determine how the legume species within an agroforestry system influence the yield of yellow dragon fruit (pitahaya), carbon sequestration and nutritional contribution. The experiment was carried out in Palora (province of Morona Santiago) and organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were two agroforestry arrangements and the monoculture as a control treatment. Erythrina poeppigiana, Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla were used in the agroforestry arrangements for the contribution of biomass. Results showed that during the five years of study, pitahaya yield was influenced by the quality of the leaf litter (biomass) incorporated in to the fruit crop. Biomass from E. poeppigiana and F. macrophylla as companion crops contributed a greater amount of Ca and Mg, increased C sequestration and crop yield. The results suggest that the use of legume species in agroforestry systems positively affects pitahaya productivity, enabling sustainable agriculture in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

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Diversified agroforestry systems improve carbon foot printand farmer’s livelihood under limited irrigation conditions

10.1101/2020.07.17.208405 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽

Kapila Shekhawat ◽

VK Singh ◽

Subhash Babu ◽

RK Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Carbon Equivalent ◽

Crop Failure

AbstractIncreasing weather aberrations cause frequent crop failure in monoculture cropping system. Specialized crop production systems, where few seasonal crops occupy vast arable lands, resulting in more biotic and abiotic stresses in agri-ecosystem. Therefore a diversified agroforestry systemwas evaluated to ensure resilience underlimited water conditions, with an aim to augment carbon footprint with enhanced productivity and profitability. The study hypothesised that integration of perennial fruits trees with seasonal crops will have benign effect for sequestering more carbon and improving livelihood of the farmers. This is one of the first timesthat arid fruits tress along with leguminous,and other low water requiring crops were studied for improved carbon sequestration, livelihood of the farmers andfor better resilience in production system. The experimental findings showed that arid fruit trees along with leguminous, oilseeds and cash crops resulted in higher profitability and thus improved livelihood of the farmersin arid and semi-arid areas of South Asia. Diversified phalsa-mung bean-potato and moringa-mung bean-potato were the most productive agroforestry system (36.7t/ha and 36.2 t/ha respectively. Under limited irrigation conditions, Karonda (Carisa spp.)-mung bean potato system was found best in improving livelihood with maximum net return of $ 3529.1/ha with higher profitability/day ($ 19.9/day). Phalsa -MB-potato system was also recorded maximum water use efficiency (33.0 kg/ha-mm), whereas density of SOC was in Phalsa-cowpea-mustard (9.10 Mg/ha) and moringa-mung bean -potato AFS (9.16 Mg/ha). Carbon footprint analysis revealed that maximum net C gain was in Phalsa-mung bean -potato system (7030 Carbon equivalent kg CE/ha/year).

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Environmental assessment of the Tung cultivation through life cycle analysis

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v3i1.1597 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcelo Bern�l ◽

Rosana Schneider ◽

�nio Machado

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Production Systems ◽

Life Cycle Management ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Family Farms ◽

Conventional Agriculture ◽

The Past ◽

Ecosystem Changes ◽

Poor Soil

Over the past few decades, conventional agriculture has been facing serious crises caused by numerous factors, including poor soil management and the excessive application of pesticides. Thus, alternative production systems have been developed, including agroforestry systems, especially those that produce both energy and food. The objective of this study was to environmentally evaluate the culture of Aleurites fordii Hemls. (Tung) using the Life Cycle Assessment method with the SimaPro 7.3.2 software. The results revealed that in family farms that use less mechanization to harvest crops, the primary category of environmental impact was land use, which included the removal of animal and vegetable species and ecosystem changes. The full impact of this category was 1741.21 m2yr PDF (potentially disappeared fraction). Subsequently, prognostics were established for the reduction of such impacts, and we conclude that Tung has a high potential for agricultural installation with high responsibility to the environment. Keywords: Environmental factors, Aleurites fordii Hemls, Life Cycle Management, Tung.

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Projections of Local Knowledge-Based Adaptation Strategies of Mexican Coffee Farmers

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli9040060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Patricia Ruiz-García ◽

Cecilia Conde-Álvarez ◽

Jesús David Gómez-Díaz ◽

Alejandro Ismael Monterroso-Rivas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Extreme Events ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Production Systems ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Coffee Farmers ◽

Extreme Hydrological Events ◽

Adaptation Policies

Local knowledge can be a strategy for coping with extreme events and adapting to climate change. In Mexico, extreme events and climate change projections suggest the urgency of promoting local adaptation policies and strategies. This paper provides an assessment of adaptation actions based on the local knowledge of coffee farmers in southern Mexico. The strategies include collective and individual adaptation actions that farmers have established. To determine their viability and impacts, carbon stocks and fluxes in the system’s aboveground biomass were projected, along with water balance variables. Stored carbon contents are projected to increase by more than 90%, while maintaining agroforestry systems will also help serve to protect against extreme hydrological events. Finally, the integration of local knowledge into national climate change adaptation plans is discussed and suggested with a local focus. We conclude that local knowledge can be successful in conserving agroecological coffee production systems.

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ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. IQBAL ◽

H.A. RAUF ◽

A.N. SHAH ◽

B. SHAHZAD ◽

M.A Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Syzygium Cumini ◽

Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

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Estratégias para promoção do diálogo de saberes entre agricultores familiares e educandos sobre o bioma Pampa

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA ◽

10.36661/2358-0399.2021v12i2.11657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Ketlin Vitoria Espinosa Sandim ◽

Stefany Areva Severo ◽

Cláudio Becker ◽

Adriana Carla Dias Trevisan

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Pedagogical Content ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Pampa Biome ◽

Local Species ◽

Young Students ◽

Ecological Importance

Este estudo buscou promover a disseminação de informações entre distintos sujeitos sociais sobre a importância ecológica da paisagem nos sistemas produtivos, tendo como tema gerador o conhecimento e reconhecimento de espécies botânicas nativas pelos agricultores familiares e educandos em Sant’Ana do Livramento-RS. Foram realizadas dezesseis entrevistas com os agricultores, que, depois de sistematizadas, delimitaram as estratégias de disseminação dos conteúdos aos jovens educandos. Os resultados demonstram que os agricultores entendem a importância da conservação do Pampa para seus cultivos e criação animal, percebem e utilizam o potencial econômico das espécies em sistemas tradicionais e agroflorestais. Quanto aos jovens educandos, foi possível avaliar a importância de oportunizar novos conteúdos e novas práticas pedagógicas. Além disso, os resultados permitem a reflexão da importância de conectar a pesquisa com a extensão universitária, bem como os saberes de adultos do campo com os saberes de jovens da cidade. Conclui-se que a troca de saberes é uma estratégia de valorização e conservação do bioma Pampa. Palavras-chave: Agroecologia; Biodiversidade; Juventude; Agroflorestas Strategies for promoting knowledge dialogue between family farmers and students about the Pampa biome Abstract: This study sought to promote the dissemination of information between distinct social subjects about the ecological importance of the local flora in production systems. The generative theme is knowledge and recognition of native botanic species by family farmers and students in Santana do Livramento in the Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil). Interviews with sixteen farmers were systematized and used to align strategies to disseminate content to young students. The results show that the farmers understand the importance of conservation of the Pampa for their crops and animal husbandry, perceiving the economic potential of various local species in traditional and agroforestry systems. In terms of the young students, it was possible to evaluate the importance of offering new pedagogical content and practices. The results allow a reflection on the importance of connecting research with university extension and linking the knowledge of adult farmers with young urban students. It was concluded that knowledge exchange is an important strategy for valorizing and conserving the Pampa biome. Keywords: Agroecology; Biodiversity; Youth; Agroforests

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H2/O2 Cycles: Thermodynamic Potentialities and Limits

2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference ◽

10.1115/ijpgc2003-40128 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

M. Gambini ◽

G. L. Guizzi ◽

M. Vellini

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

H2 Production ◽

Thermodynamic Cycles ◽

A Value ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Definition Of ◽

Working Parameters ◽

O2 Production

In this paper, the thermodynamic potentialities and limits of the H2/O2 cycles are investigated. Starting from the conventional gas turbine and steam turbine technology, the paper qualitatively tackles problems related to a change of oxidizer and fuel: from these considerations, an internal combustion steam cycle (ICSC) is analyzed where steam, injected in the combustion chamber together with oxygen and hydrogen, is produced in a regenerative way and plays the important role of inert. A proper parametric analysis is then performed in order to evaluate the influence of the main working parameters on the overall performance of H2/O2 cycles. All the results are carried out neglecting the energy requirements for O2 and H2 production systems, but taking into account their work compression only. This choice permits great freedom in the definition of these thermodynamic cycles and allows general considerations because there is no need of any specification about H2 and/or O2 production systems and their integration with thermodynamic cycles. Therefore this paper can be framed in a context of oxygen and hydrogen centralized production (by nuclear or renewable energy sources for example) and in their distribution as pure gases in the utilization place. Adopting realistic assumptions, TIT of about 1350°C, the potentialities of H2/O2 cycles are very limited: the net efficiency attains a value of about 50%. Instead, adopting futurist assumptions, TIT = I700°C, a different H2/O2 cycle scheme can be proposed and more interesting performance is attained (a net efficiency value over 60%). The thermodynamic and technological aspects are completely addressed in the paper, underlining the great importance of the choice of the main working parameters.

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Evolution and accumulation of C-CO2 in biogenic and physiogenic aggregates of different agroecological management systems

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v67n4.67923 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 494-500

Author(s):

Luiz Alberto Silva Rodrigues Pinto ◽

Octávio Vioratti Telles Mendonça ◽

Celeste Queiroz Rossi ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Fabiana Costa Barros

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Management Systems ◽

Formation Pathway ◽

No Till ◽

Testing Parameter ◽

Mineralizable Carbon ◽

The City ◽

Som Decomposition

Determination of mineralizable carbon (C) is based on the evolution of C-CO2, reflecting the activity of soil biota in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and can be used as a testing parameter in agroecological production systems. The objective of the present work was to quantify mineralizable C in aggregates of different biogenic and physiogenic formation pathways in agroecological management systems in the city of Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro. Five sampling areas were selected: (1) 10-year agroforestry system (AFS), (2) 15-year full sun coffee (C-SUN), (3) 15-year shaded coffee (C-SHA), (4) 10-year phlegm alleles (FLE), and (5) 6-year no-till planting system with corn and eggplant (NT) in Red-Yellow Argissolo in Seropédica-RJ.Morphological patterns were used to identify the formation pathway (biogenic and physiogenic) of aggregates. In these, fertility, total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated. The evolution and accumulation of C-CO2were determined in the laboratory after 35 days of incubation. The NT area under agroecological management present higher C-CO2 accumulation between the systems with biogenic aggregates and less accumulation in the physiogenic aggregates.

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High organic inputs explain shallow and deep SOC storage in a long-term agroforestry system – Combining experimental and modeling approaches

10.5194/bg-2017-125 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rémi Cardinael ◽

Bertrand Guenet ◽

Tiphaine Chevallier ◽

Christian Dupraz ◽

Thomas Cozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Farming System ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Root Senescence ◽

Soc Stocks

Abstract. Agroforestry is an increasingly popular farming system enabling agricultural diversification and providing several ecosystem services. In agroforestry systems, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are generally increased, but it is difficult to disentangle the different factors responsible for this storage. Organic carbon (OC) inputs to the soil may be larger, but SOC decomposition rates may be modified owing to microclimate, physical protection, or priming effect from roots, especially at depth. We used an 18-year-old silvoarable system associating hybrid walnut trees (Juglans regia × nigra) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), and an adjacent agricultural control plot to quantify all OC inputs to the soil – leaf litter, tree fine root senescence, crop residues, and tree row herbaceous vegetation –, and measure SOC stocks down 2 m depth at varying distances from the trees. We then proposed a model that simulates SOC dynamics in agroforestry accounting for both the whole soil profile and the lateral spatial heterogeneity. OC inputs to soil were increased by about 40 % (&plus;1.11 t C ha−1 yr−1) down to 2 m depth in the agroforestry plot compared to the control, resulting in an additional SOC stock of 6.3 t C ha−1 down to 1 m depth. The model described properly the measured SOC stocks and distribution with depth. It showed that the increased inputs of fresh biomass to soil explained the observed additional SOC storage in the agroforestry plot. Moreover, modeling revealed a strong priming effect that would reduce the potential SOC storage due to higher organic inputs in the agroforestry system by 75 to 90 %. This result questions the potential of soils to store large amounts of carbon, especially at depth. Deep-rooted trees modify OC inputs to soil, a process that deserves further studies given its potential effects on SOC dynamics.

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