Does Financial Development Promote the Growth of Property Income of China’s Urban and Rural Residents?

The property income growth of urban and rural residents is an important part of the continuous increase in the disposable income of these residents, which is also inseparable from the deepening development of the financial market. After sorting out the various sources of income that affect residents’ property in the existing research and controlling regional fixed effects, based on data from 31 provinces in China, this article considers important financial factors and the process of urbanization as explanatory variables to perform panel regression on the property income of provincial residents under fixed effects and random effects. In the context of large differences in the investment environment between urban and rural areas, we further examine the effects of financial factors on the property income of urban and rural residents. Only by expanding the investment opportunities and enhancing the investment ability of the residents, can the property income of the residents, especially the rural residents, be guaranteed to grow steadily and sustainably.

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Empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in the context of large data using fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720920936837 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002072092093683

Author(s):

Yao Li

Keyword(s):

Empirical Analysis ◽

Financial Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Financial Industry ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Income Gap ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Impact

With the rise of the tertiary industry, the financial industry has achieved unprecedented development, which is mainly reflected in the rapid growth of economic aggregate, the increasingly balanced financial structure system and the increasingly diversified financial products. However, with the rapid development of financial industry, the income of urban and rural residents is increasingly unbalanced. The increasing income gap between urban and rural areas has caused a large number of adverse phenomena in the process of economic development, seriously affecting the income distribution of the people and even causing social instability. Therefore, in today’s big data era, it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the impact of financial industry development on the national income gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is of great significance to improve the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper mainly analyses the relationship between the three effects of the development of financial industry and the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the empirical aspect, the paper creatively uses the fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm to regression analysis the panel data of a certain area from 2010 to 2018. At the same time, in the empirical data analysis, this paper creatively replaces the European norm measure of the Kmeans clustering algorithm with the AE measure, and puts forward a proposal. The index of financial development level is based on the proportion of loans from financial institutions. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: the financial scale in the financial industry will have a huge impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, based on the above problems and current situation, this paper puts forward relevant improvement suggestions.

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The Influence of Information Services on Public Transport Behavior of Urban and Rural Residents

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5454

Author(s):

Xuemei Zhou ◽

Jiahui Liang ◽

Xiangfeng Ji ◽

Caitlin Cottrill

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Information Service ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Transport Behavior ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Rural and urban areas are mainly connected by public transport in China. The characteristics of the trips of local residents in rural and urban areas are different; therefore, the demand for public transport information services is different. Based on the revealed data, a structural equation model is applied to examine the critical factors affecting the behavior of urban and rural residents in choosing public transport in the Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao City, China. The effect of information service factors on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents is obtained. The influence level of public transport information service on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents before and during travel is discussed. This study provides valuable insights to improving public transport services between urban and rural areas of China, which can attract more residents to use public transport and promotes sustainable development between urban and rural areas.

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Dynamic Analysis and Prediction of Food Nitrogen Footprint of Urban and Rural Residents in Shanghai

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051760 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1760

Author(s):

Yuling Xia ◽

Chengsong Liao ◽

Dianming Wu ◽

Yanzhuo Liu

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Moving Average ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Total Food ◽

Development Goals ◽

Per Capita ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

N Management

The food nitrogen (N) footprint reflects the amount of reactive N emission and its impact on the environment as a result of food production and consumption to satisfy the basic food demands of an urban population. The N-Calculator model was used to estimate the food N footprint and its dynamic changes in Shanghai from 2000 to 2017, and the auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model was used to predict the food N footprint in Shanghai from 2018 to 2027. The results show that the food N footprint was higher in urban areas (15.3–18.8 kg N/capita/yr) than rural areas (12.6–17.4 kg N/capita/yr) of Shanghai from 2000 to 2017. The change in the food N footprint was consistent with changes in food consumption in urban and rural areas, and the total food N footprint of urban and rural residents was positively correlated with the per capita disposable income and population whereas it was negatively correlated with the Engel’s Coefficient and price index. It was predicted that the per capita food N footprint will gradually decrease in 2018–2027 in urban areas of Shanghai, but it will generally increase in the rural areas. This study will help to initiate policy interventions for sustainable N management and contribute to the achievement of key sustainable development goals (SDGs).

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Nutrition habits and frequency of consumption of selected food products by the residents of urban and rural area from the Subcarpathian voivodeship

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny ◽

10.32394/rpzh.2021.0163 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 165-174

Author(s):

Mateusz Szałajko ◽

Wiktoria Stachowicz ◽

Monika Dobosz ◽

Martyna Szałankiewicz ◽

Aneta Sokal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fast Food ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Survey Method ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Overweight People ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Processing Techniques

Background. The dynamic development and change of rural lifestyle patterns towards urban patterns has been noticeable since the second half of the 20th century. Nutrition, as well as the lifestyle in urban and rural areas, has undergone a process of urbanization, which is evidenced by the following an increasing number of overweight people. Objective. The aim of the study was to compare eating habits and frequency of consumption of selected groups of products between the urban and rural residents from the Subcarpathian voivodeship. Material and methods. The survey was carried out on a sample of 279 persons from urban and rural areas of Subcarpathian voivodeship. In this study, the diagnostic survey method consisting of 3 (different) parts was used. To check the significance of differences, U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used; whereas correlations between variables were determined by the Spearman's rank of correlation coefficient and Pearson's chi-quadrat test. Results. In the part concerning eating habits, statistically significant differences occurred among others; for the circumstances of eating meals, the most commonly consumed snacks, food processing techniques and the most frequently selected fat. In the part concerning the frequency of consumption of individual product groups, significant differences occurred among others; for dairy products, grain products, fast food, alcohol. There was a correlation between the frequency of consumption of individual products and socioeconomic status. Conclusions. The quality of the diet and eating habits of urban and rural residents of Subcarpathian voivodeship does not differ significantly. The detected differences in eating habits were more influenced by the education and socioeconomic status of the examined group than the place of residence.

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Inclusive Financing’s Development and Urban-rural Income Gap—Empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127503015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 03015

Author(s):

Jing Xu ◽

Mingyue Sun ◽

Hening Wang

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

High Speed ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Income Gap ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

China’S Economy

With the further development of China’s economy, the income of urban and rural residents has increased. At present, China’s economy has changed from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. However, uneven and insufficient regional development is still a problem that requires great attention. Inclusive Financing’s development provides residents with more access to financial services and is one of the important ways to build a well-off society and develop the economy in recent years. Based on the Peking University Digital Inclusive Financing Index, this paper studies the relationship between the development level of Inclusive Financing and the income gap between urban and rural residents by constructing panel data of 31 provinces, cities and regions in China and establishing a model for empirical analysis. The study found that the development of Inclusive Financing has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the improvement of the level of Inclusive Financing in the economically developed eastern region has a very obvious effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. However, blindly developing Inclusive Financing in the underdeveloped central and western regions will also cause the further widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The conclusion of this paper has certain positive significance for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the development of Inclusive Financing.

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THE CONTENT OF VARIOUS DOMESTIC MICROBES AND THEIR CORRELATION TO INHALANT ALLERGEN IN HOUSE DUST BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS IN MALANG RAYA INDONESIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.8331 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ainur Rofieq ◽

Roimil Latifa ◽

Diani Fatmawati

Keyword(s):

House Dust ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Inhalant Allergen ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Predictive Correlation ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

This research aimed at: describing the content of various domestic microbes in house dust of urban and rural residents, covering the amount of fungi, E.coli, Salmonella, and Shigella; and analyzing the correlation between the content of domestic microbes and inhalant allergen level in house dust of urban and rural residents. The results concluded these followings: First, house dust in rural and urban areas was identified to contain domestic microbes. Second, house dust in both urban and rural areas was identified to contain inhalant allergen. Third, there was a correlation between the content of domestic microbes and the level of inhalant allergen in house dust of urban and rural residents. However, not all types of domestic microbes had predictive correlation to the level of inhalant allergen. In the urban areas, the one with predictive correlation was Salmonella; while in the rural areas, it was E.coli.

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Rural Tourism and Rural Development under the Integrated Planning Background - Huangtuling Village Tourist Plans in Laiyuan, Baoding

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1533 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1044-1045 ◽

pp. 1533-1537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jing Chao Wang ◽

Ning Wang

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Rural Tourism ◽

Cultural Resources ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

The Village

The urban-rural integration is a new stage of urbanization,which is the process of the development of productive forces and promoting the production of urban and rural residents, is the process that has the characteristics of resources between urban and rural areas of mutual integration, mutual resources, mutual market, mutual service, and which will gradually reach rural coordination between the development process. Rural tourism is derived from the developed countries of advanced concepts, with the tourism planning and designing tools of Laiyuan Huangtuling, we put the native village of the existing land, ancient architecture, historical and cultural resources together. and using the designing tools to make travel, leisure, culture, food , and other node element for redesigning, excavating the existing resources within the village, both to highlight the local characteristics, and good protection of the natural environment, and embodies the essence of the role of urban-rural integration.

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THE STRUCTURE OF EXCESS MORTALITY DUE TO THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION PANDEMIC IN URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS

Social Aspects of Population Health ◽

10.21045/2071-5021-2021-67-5-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

T.P. Sabgayda ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Novel ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Direct Loss ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Significance. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection has further exacerbated the demographic problem in the Russian Federation, which was especially acute in rural areas. However, according to official data, only one third of the excess mortality in 2020 is accounted for by COVID-19. Purpose: to compare the structure of mortality growth in urban and rural residents and determine differences in loss associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. Based on the Rosstat preliminary data, the author has analyzed increase in the number of deaths per 100,000 population in 2020 compared to 2019 among males and females residing in urban and rural areas of the Russian Federation. The indicators were compared by major classes of death causes and individual diseases across the following three age groups: 15-49 years, 50-64 years, and 65 years and older. Comparison was carried out by the Chi-square test. Results. Among the urban and rural population the death rate increased by 20.6% and 15.4%, respectively; the COVID-19 mortality equaled to 109.4 and 67.5 per 100,000 population; the share of COVID-19 in the increased total mortality added up to 44.6% and 33.0%, respectively. Among urban residents, the frequency of deaths from COVID-19 in males exceeds the female one 1.8 times in population aged 15-49, 2.0 times in population aged 50-64 and 65 +; among rural residents, these values equal to 1.2, 1.4 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusion. In the structure of excess mortality associated with the spread of the novel coronavirus infection that accounted for almost one fifth of deaths in 2019, the share of direct loss due to COVID-19 is underestimated. The direct loss associated with co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus can be traced at the population level, starting from the age of 65 in males and 50 years in females, in case of deaths from diseases of the nervous system, coronary heart disease, chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract and diseases of the pancreas. With a lower level of excess mortality among rural population, its quarter is accounted for by indirect loss due to the pandemic associated with the decreased access to medical care. In the structure of excess mortality among urban population, indirect loss accounts for about one tenth, and is mainly due to consequences of stress associated with the pandemic and forced isolation. Signs of incomplete examination of the deceased in older age groups to determine the death causes, especially among rural residents, have been identified.

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One Religion, Two Tales: Religion and Happiness in Urban and Rural Areas of China

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10090532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 532 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jing Hua Zhang ◽

Wen Chi Zou ◽

Xiao Yang Jiang

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Association ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Social Environments ◽

Life Study ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Most previous studies performed in Western social contexts have revealed that religion can influence an individual’s sense of happiness. Few studies have sought to clarify the influence of religion in a Chinese social context, however, and there has been no study specifically about the potential differences in the dichotomous social environments of urban and rural areas in China. Via the nationwide survey data of the 2007 Spiritual Life Study of Chinese Residents (SLSC), this study examines the association between religion and happiness among urban and rural residents of China. The results reveal that there is a generally positive association between religion and happiness among those with religious affiliations in China. Regardless of affiliation with Buddhism or Protestantism, there is a strong positive association among rural respondents, an insignificant association among urban respondents, and mixed results among town residents.

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Different Perceptions of Belief: Predicting Household Solid Waste Separation Behavior of Urban and Rural Residents in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7778

Author(s):

Tianyang Lou ◽

Deyong Wang ◽

Huili Chen ◽

Dongjie Niu

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Household Solid Waste ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Waste Separation ◽

Separation Behavior ◽

Rural Group

An unprecedented Household Solid Waste (HSW) separation program was launched in 46 cities and some pilot rural areas in China in 2019. This study examines the antecedents of waste separation behavior using the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify beliefs that are useful targets for interventions, and compares the urban-rural differences. Based on interviews with rural and urban residents, we identified residents’ beliefs influencing waste separation behaviors, including four behavioral, seven normative, and eight control beliefs. Then, we tested the conceptual model with a two-stage questionnaire survey using a sample of 604 residents from urban and rural areas. Evidence from structural equation modeling supports the extended TPB in that it predicts waste separation intention and behavior on the whole. Moral norm and self-identity were found to independently predict intention and may prove a useful addition to the TPB; however, the path from attitude to intention is not supported in both urban and rural models. Moreover, the specific difference of belief between urban and rural residents was examined. The behavioral beliefs associated to money, including earning, free waste bin or bag, and fine, are significant only in the rural group. The normative beliefs of family, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members, and government can affect residents’ subjective norm in both urban and rural, while the beliefs of relatives, friends, and neighbors are significant only in the rural group. Implications for managers of operating waste separation programs were discussed. Further investigation into the potential of the model to intervene in waste separation behavior is required.

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