Dynamic Analysis and Prediction of Food Nitrogen Footprint of Urban and Rural Residents in Shanghai

The food nitrogen (N) footprint reflects the amount of reactive N emission and its impact on the environment as a result of food production and consumption to satisfy the basic food demands of an urban population. The N-Calculator model was used to estimate the food N footprint and its dynamic changes in Shanghai from 2000 to 2017, and the auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model was used to predict the food N footprint in Shanghai from 2018 to 2027. The results show that the food N footprint was higher in urban areas (15.3–18.8 kg N/capita/yr) than rural areas (12.6–17.4 kg N/capita/yr) of Shanghai from 2000 to 2017. The change in the food N footprint was consistent with changes in food consumption in urban and rural areas, and the total food N footprint of urban and rural residents was positively correlated with the per capita disposable income and population whereas it was negatively correlated with the Engel’s Coefficient and price index. It was predicted that the per capita food N footprint will gradually decrease in 2018–2027 in urban areas of Shanghai, but it will generally increase in the rural areas. This study will help to initiate policy interventions for sustainable N management and contribute to the achievement of key sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Download Full-text

The Influence of Information Services on Public Transport Behavior of Urban and Rural Residents

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5454

Author(s):

Xuemei Zhou ◽

Jiahui Liang ◽

Xiangfeng Ji ◽

Caitlin Cottrill

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Information Service ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Transport Behavior ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Rural and urban areas are mainly connected by public transport in China. The characteristics of the trips of local residents in rural and urban areas are different; therefore, the demand for public transport information services is different. Based on the revealed data, a structural equation model is applied to examine the critical factors affecting the behavior of urban and rural residents in choosing public transport in the Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao City, China. The effect of information service factors on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents is obtained. The influence level of public transport information service on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents before and during travel is discussed. This study provides valuable insights to improving public transport services between urban and rural areas of China, which can attract more residents to use public transport and promotes sustainable development between urban and rural areas.

Download Full-text

THE CONTENT OF VARIOUS DOMESTIC MICROBES AND THEIR CORRELATION TO INHALANT ALLERGEN IN HOUSE DUST BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS IN MALANG RAYA INDONESIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.8331 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ainur Rofieq ◽

Roimil Latifa ◽

Diani Fatmawati

Keyword(s):

House Dust ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Inhalant Allergen ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Predictive Correlation ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

This research aimed at: describing the content of various domestic microbes in house dust of urban and rural residents, covering the amount of fungi, E.coli, Salmonella, and Shigella; and analyzing the correlation between the content of domestic microbes and inhalant allergen level in house dust of urban and rural residents. The results concluded these followings: First, house dust in rural and urban areas was identified to contain domestic microbes. Second, house dust in both urban and rural areas was identified to contain inhalant allergen. Third, there was a correlation between the content of domestic microbes and the level of inhalant allergen in house dust of urban and rural residents. However, not all types of domestic microbes had predictive correlation to the level of inhalant allergen. In the urban areas, the one with predictive correlation was Salmonella; while in the rural areas, it was E.coli.

Download Full-text

Empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in the context of large data using fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720920936837 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002072092093683

Author(s):

Yao Li

Keyword(s):

Empirical Analysis ◽

Financial Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Financial Industry ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Income Gap ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Impact

With the rise of the tertiary industry, the financial industry has achieved unprecedented development, which is mainly reflected in the rapid growth of economic aggregate, the increasingly balanced financial structure system and the increasingly diversified financial products. However, with the rapid development of financial industry, the income of urban and rural residents is increasingly unbalanced. The increasing income gap between urban and rural areas has caused a large number of adverse phenomena in the process of economic development, seriously affecting the income distribution of the people and even causing social instability. Therefore, in today’s big data era, it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the impact of financial industry development on the national income gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is of great significance to improve the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper mainly analyses the relationship between the three effects of the development of financial industry and the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the empirical aspect, the paper creatively uses the fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm to regression analysis the panel data of a certain area from 2010 to 2018. At the same time, in the empirical data analysis, this paper creatively replaces the European norm measure of the Kmeans clustering algorithm with the AE measure, and puts forward a proposal. The index of financial development level is based on the proportion of loans from financial institutions. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: the financial scale in the financial industry will have a huge impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, based on the above problems and current situation, this paper puts forward relevant improvement suggestions.

Download Full-text

Changing Food Consumption and Nutrition Intake in Kazakhstan

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020326 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

Mengmeng Jia ◽

Lin Zhen ◽

Yu Xiao

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Food Resource ◽

Human Beings ◽

Temporal Perspective ◽

Nutrition Intake ◽

Per Capita ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Food resource is an important bond that connects human beings and nature. In this study, we investigated the changes in food consumption and nutrition intake in Kazakhstan from a spatial and temporal perspective, from 2001 to 2018. The data were obtained from the Bureau of Statistics, international organizations and our social interview work. After the start of the 21st century, it was found that per capita food consumption significantly increased; however, the consumption of crop, vegetables and milk decreased. Per capita meat consumption was similar in both urban and rural areas. However, some food consumption showed differences between urban and rural areas. Changes of food consumption quantity and structure also had some effects on nutrient intake and the proportion of nutrients. Per capita energy intake in the national, urban and rural areas all increased remarkably. The energy intake changes in eastern states increased much more than that in western states. Protein intake in rural and urban areas was similar; however, the gap between carbohydrates and fat intake in urban and rural areas increased. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fat in different states showed the same trend. Food consumption and nutrition intake are affected by economic, social and ecological factors.

Download Full-text

Food Diversification in Java

International Journal of Science and Society ◽

10.54783/ijsoc.v3i3.383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 382-389

Author(s):

Roeskani Sinaga ◽

Manuntun Parulian Hutagaol ◽

Sri Hartoyo ◽

Nunung Nuryartono

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Income Group ◽

Food Prices ◽

Capita Expenditure ◽

Income Groups ◽

Study Results ◽

Household Members ◽

Per Capita ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Differences in economic structure, differences in income levels, food price levels cause differences in household consumption patterns. This paper analyzes food diversification in Java. Households are grouped by income group to assess the level of food diversification of each group. Households whose income groups Q3 and Q4 have lower food diversification compared to households in groups Q1 and Q2. The study results show that the value of BI is greater than the value of MBI in both urban and rural areas. This indicates that the source of calories does not come from only one type of commodity. The increase in per capita expenditure does not increase food diversification (the dependent variable is BI) for households in groups Q1 and Q2, while it is positive for households in groups Q3 and Q4. Food prices generally affect diversification. An increase in the number of household members will reduce the level of diversification for Q1 households. In contrast, increasing the number of household members will increase food diversification for Q2, Q3 and Q4 households. The level of household diversification in urban areas is higher than in rural areas.

Download Full-text

Does Financial Development Promote the Growth of Property Income of China’s Urban and Rural Residents?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2849

Author(s):

Xiaozhun Peng ◽

Hongyou Lu ◽

Jiaming Fu ◽

Zhijuan Li

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Investment Environment ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Financial Factors ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Property Income ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

The property income growth of urban and rural residents is an important part of the continuous increase in the disposable income of these residents, which is also inseparable from the deepening development of the financial market. After sorting out the various sources of income that affect residents’ property in the existing research and controlling regional fixed effects, based on data from 31 provinces in China, this article considers important financial factors and the process of urbanization as explanatory variables to perform panel regression on the property income of provincial residents under fixed effects and random effects. In the context of large differences in the investment environment between urban and rural areas, we further examine the effects of financial factors on the property income of urban and rural residents. Only by expanding the investment opportunities and enhancing the investment ability of the residents, can the property income of the residents, especially the rural residents, be guaranteed to grow steadily and sustainably.

Download Full-text

Nutrition habits and frequency of consumption of selected food products by the residents of urban and rural area from the Subcarpathian voivodeship

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny ◽

10.32394/rpzh.2021.0163 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 165-174

Author(s):

Mateusz Szałajko ◽

Wiktoria Stachowicz ◽

Monika Dobosz ◽

Martyna Szałankiewicz ◽

Aneta Sokal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fast Food ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Survey Method ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Overweight People ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Processing Techniques

Background. The dynamic development and change of rural lifestyle patterns towards urban patterns has been noticeable since the second half of the 20th century. Nutrition, as well as the lifestyle in urban and rural areas, has undergone a process of urbanization, which is evidenced by the following an increasing number of overweight people. Objective. The aim of the study was to compare eating habits and frequency of consumption of selected groups of products between the urban and rural residents from the Subcarpathian voivodeship. Material and methods. The survey was carried out on a sample of 279 persons from urban and rural areas of Subcarpathian voivodeship. In this study, the diagnostic survey method consisting of 3 (different) parts was used. To check the significance of differences, U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used; whereas correlations between variables were determined by the Spearman's rank of correlation coefficient and Pearson's chi-quadrat test. Results. In the part concerning eating habits, statistically significant differences occurred among others; for the circumstances of eating meals, the most commonly consumed snacks, food processing techniques and the most frequently selected fat. In the part concerning the frequency of consumption of individual product groups, significant differences occurred among others; for dairy products, grain products, fast food, alcohol. There was a correlation between the frequency of consumption of individual products and socioeconomic status. Conclusions. The quality of the diet and eating habits of urban and rural residents of Subcarpathian voivodeship does not differ significantly. The detected differences in eating habits were more influenced by the education and socioeconomic status of the examined group than the place of residence.

Download Full-text

Inclusive Financing’s Development and Urban-rural Income Gap—Empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127503015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 03015

Author(s):

Jing Xu ◽

Mingyue Sun ◽

Hening Wang

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

High Speed ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Income Gap ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

China’S Economy

With the further development of China’s economy, the income of urban and rural residents has increased. At present, China’s economy has changed from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. However, uneven and insufficient regional development is still a problem that requires great attention. Inclusive Financing’s development provides residents with more access to financial services and is one of the important ways to build a well-off society and develop the economy in recent years. Based on the Peking University Digital Inclusive Financing Index, this paper studies the relationship between the development level of Inclusive Financing and the income gap between urban and rural residents by constructing panel data of 31 provinces, cities and regions in China and establishing a model for empirical analysis. The study found that the development of Inclusive Financing has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the improvement of the level of Inclusive Financing in the economically developed eastern region has a very obvious effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. However, blindly developing Inclusive Financing in the underdeveloped central and western regions will also cause the further widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The conclusion of this paper has certain positive significance for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the development of Inclusive Financing.

Download Full-text

Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4185

Author(s):

Katarzyna Zatońska ◽

Piotr Psikus ◽

Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽

Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽

Maria Wołyniec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

Download Full-text

The Rural-Urban Continuum of Polarization: Understanding the Geography of the 2018 Midterms

The Forum ◽

10.1515/for-2020-2102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth M. Johnson ◽

Dante J. Scala

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Political Attitudes ◽

The United States ◽

Rural America ◽

Rural Regions ◽

Urban America ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Continuum

Abstract This study of the 2018 congressional midterms demonstrates how voting patterns and political attitudes vary across a spectrum of urban and rural areas in the United States. Rural America is no more a monolith than is urban America. The rural-urban gradient is better represented by a continuum than a dichotomy. This is evident in the voting results in 2018, just as it was in 2016. We found that the political tipping point lies beyond major metropolitan areas, in the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Democrats enjoyed even greater success in densely populated urban areas in 2018 than in 2016. Residents of these urban areas display distinctive and consistent social and political attitudes across a range of scales. At the other end of the continuum in remote rural areas, Republican candidates continued to command voter support despite the challenging national political environment. Voters in these rural regions expressed social and political attitudes diametrically opposed to their counterparts in large urban cores.

Download Full-text