scholarly journals Effects of Amendments on Physicochemical Properties and Respiration Rate of Soil from the Arid Region of Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5332
Author(s):  
Dianpeng Li ◽  
Jianqin Zhou ◽  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Shuqing An ◽  
...  

In arid regions, decreased soil fertility has adversely affected agricultural sustainability. The effects of different amendments in alleviating these issues and increasing soil fertility remain unclear. Herein, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the properties of grey desert soil and soil respiration (SR) dynamics under six different treatment groups: biochar (BC), leonardite (LD), anionic polyacrylamide (PAM−), cationic polyacrylamide (PAM+) powder, anionic polyacrylamide solution in water (PAM−W), and control (CK). We observed that the BC and LD amendments significantly altered soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, and SR. PAM amendment increased the SR as compared to the control, except in autumn, but PAM did not affect the soil properties. SR under different amendments showed strong seasonal patterns, the highest and lowest SR rates were observed in June and January, respectively. Amendments and seasonal dynamics significantly affected SR, but no interaction was observed between these factors. Temporal variation of SR was substantially influenced by soil temperature at 15 cm of soil depth. Temperature sensitivity of SR (Q10) increased with soil depth and decreased with amendment addition. SR was significantly affected by soil temperature, moisture, air temperature, and their interactions. The outcomes of this study suggested that the BC and LD amendments improved soil fertility and negated the net carbon accumulation by increasing the SR and Q10 in arid agriculture soil.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Slamet Arif Susanto ◽  
Heru Joko Budirianto ◽  
Agatha Cecilia Maturbongs

Abstrak: Selama proses suksesi, vegetasi merupakan satu dari komponen utama untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan peran vegetasi dominan pada karakteristik tanah di lahan bera berumur 15 tahun Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari. Vegetasi dominan ditentukan berdasarkan data indeks nilai penting (INP) analisis vegetasi. Sampel tanah diambil secara komposit pada luasan lahan 1 hektar dari dua kedalaman tanah (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm). Vegetasi yang mendominasi lahan bera secara berurutan adalah Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, dan Pimelodendron amboinicum. Kehadiran O. sumatrana mengindikasikan lahan bera tanah aluvial, lebih lanjut terbukti karena lahan bera tersebut berdekatan dengan Sungai Womnowi. Karakteristik fisik tanah didominasi oleh fraksi lempung dan unsur makro lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 0–10 cm dibanding kedalaman 10–20 cm. Karakteristik tanah menunjukkan bahwa tanah tergolong masam (pH 5.4–5.6), kadar karbon organik tanah sedang (1.07–3.39%), kadar nitrogen total rendah (0.17–0.53%), kadar fosfor tersedia tergolong tinggi (10.7–22.4 ppm), kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tergolong tinggi (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), kejenuhan basa tergolong sangat tinggi (65.4–66.7%), dan kadar Al3+ and H+ sangat rendah. Secara keseluruhan urutan KTK menunjukkan Ca > Mg > Na > K yang mengonfirmasi tanah aluvial dan pencucian kalium terjadi dengan cepat. Rendahnya kadar kalium dapat dihubungkan dengan penggunaan unsur tersebut untuk pembentukan buah L. domesticum. Selama pemberaan 15 tahun, vegetasi dominan memengaruhi karakteristik tanah.Kata kunci: vegetasi pohon, kesuburan tanah, analisis tanah, aluvial, Papua BaratAbstract: During succesional season vegetation is one of major compound to increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyzed and description dominant vegetation and their contribution to soil characteristic at fallow land 15 years old Womnowi Village, Sidey District, Manokwari. To determine dominant vegetations we used data important value index (IVI) of vegetation. Two depth of sample soils (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm) were taken from one hectare area by composite technique. The dominant vegetation on fallow land dominated by Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, and Pimelodendron amboinicum respectively. Presence of O. sumatrana was indicated that the type of aluvial fallow land, further it is proven because the fallow land is close to the Womnowi River. Soil physical characteristic dominated by clay fractions, macronutrient was higher in depth 0-10 cm than 10-20 cm. Characteristic of soil shows acidic soils (pH 5.4–5.6), moderate of soil organic carbon (1.07–3.39%), total of nitrogen was low (0.17–0.53%), high available phosphorus (10.7–22.4 ppm), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), very high base saturation (65.4–66.7%), and very lows of Al3+ and H+. Overall the order of CEC shows Ca > Mg > Na > K respectively confirmed aluvial soil and fast leached potassium in soil. Low potassium levels are thought be related to the use of the element for fruits formation of L. domesticum. During 15 year fallowed, dominant vegetation had influence to soil characteristic.Key words: tree vegetation, soil fertility, soil analysis, alluvial, West Papua


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahusenay Abate ◽  
Kibebew Kibret

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use, depth and topography on soil physicochemical properties at the Wadla Delanta Massif, northcentral Ethiopia. Four land uses (natural forest, shrub, grazing and cultivated land), three soil depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm) and three topographic positions (upper, middle and lower) in three replications were considered for this study. A total of 108 composite samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The results show that particle size distribution was affected by the main effects of land use and soil depth; bulk and particle densities, total porosity, organic matter and total nitrogen contents, C:N ratio and available phosphorus were significantly affected by the interaction of land use by soil depth only, whereas, soil pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation and extractable micronutrients were affected by the interaction effects of the three factors. Highest clay and bulk density were recorded at the bottom layer of the cultivated land soils, while the utmost porosity, organic matter and nitrogen contents, and available phosphorus were recorded at the surface layers of the natural forest land soils. Highest pH was at the bottom layer of the cultivated land at the three topographic positions. Highest exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity were observed in the bottom layers of soils under the four land use types at the lower topographic position, whilst extractable micronutrients were recorded at the surface layers of the forest land soils at the upper topographic position. In general, most of the measured soil properties were measured better in forest than in other land use soils and the lower topographic positions than the upper and middle ones. Interaction of land use with topography showed negative effects especially on cultivated and grazing land soils in all topographic positions. Therefore, integrated soil fertility management and soil conservation measures are required in all topographic positions to maintain soil physicochemical properties.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2315-2326
Author(s):  
T. V. Jyothi ◽  
N. S. Hebsur

Field studies were conducted at farmer’s fields in Jodalli (Kalghatgi taluk) and Pale (Hubballi taluk) villages in 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively to investigate the effect of NPK fertilizers on uptake of nutrients by Bt cotton and soil fertility status at harvest in Alfisol. Among the different treatment combinations, the application of 150:50:75 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 (N3P1K2) recorded significantly (P=0.05) higher nitrogen (132.63 kg ha-1), phosphorus (31.26 kg ha-1) and potassium (128.94 kg ha-1) uptake by cotton. The interaction effect with respect to total micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) uptake remained non significant at all the growth stages. Graded levels of fertilizers failed to exert significant impact on pH and electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and available micronutrients during both the years of experimentation. The application of 100:50:50 kgN:P2O5:K2O ha-1 (N1P1K1) recorded significantly (P=0.05) highest available nitrogen (150.39 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (37.98 kg ha-1) and available potassium (230.99 kg ha-1) compared to rest of the treatments. The lowest available nitrogen (134.92 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (31.65 kg ha-1) and available potassium (217.63 kg ha-1) were recorded in treatment receiving 150:50:75 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 (N3P1K2).


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavinakoppa S. Nagaraja ◽  
Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj ◽  
G.V. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
Chilakunda A. Srinivasamurthy ◽  
Sandeep Kumar

Abstract. Soil fertility and organic carbon (C) stock estimations are crucial to soil management especially that of degraded soils, for productive agricultural use and in soil C sequestration studies. Currently, estimations based on generalized soil mass (hectare-furrow basis) or bulk density (BD) basis are used which may be suitable for normal agricultural soils but not for degraded soils. We measured soil organic C, available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K), and estimated stocks using three methods: (i) generalized soil mass (GSM, 2 million kg ha−1 furrow soil), ii) bulk density based soil mass (BDSM) and (iii) the proportion of fine earth volume (FEV) method, for soils sampled from physically degraded lands in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka State in India. Comparative analyses using these methods revealed that the soil organic C, and N, P and K stocks determined by using BDSM were higher than those by GSM method. The soil organic C values were the lowest in the FEV method compared to the other two methods. The GSM method overestimated soil organic C, N, P and K by 9.3–72.1 %, 9.5–72.3 %, 7.1–66.6 % and 9.2–72.3 %, respectively, compared to FEV based estimations for physically degraded soils. The differences among the three methods of determinations were lower in soils with low gravel content and increased with increase in gravel volume. There was overestimation of soil organic C and soil fertility with GSM and BDSM methods. A reassessment of methods of estimation was, therefore, attempted to provide fair estimates for land development projects in degraded lands.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
LAKKIMSETTI K PRASAD ◽  
J POORNA BINDU ◽  
D DAMODAR REDDY ◽  
C CHANDRASEKHARA RAO ◽  
H RAVISANKAR

An assessment of soil fertility of Northern Light Soil area of FCV tobacco was carried out to study the status of soil macro and micronutrients. Soils of the study area are mostly moderately acidic in nature with low organic carbon and available nitrogen with a mean value of 0.29 % & 110 kg ha-1, respectively. Available phosphorus was high (88% samples) with a mean value of 92.6 kg ha-1. While the average available potassium content was 297 kg ha-1 with 48 % samples in medium class. Among available micronutrients, the available zinc content in 73 % of samples was very low – low (0.0 to 0.6 ppm).  Whereas the availability of copper in 25 % samples was very low to low as per the fertility class (0.0 - 0.30 ppm).  Available iron (18.8 -35.03 ppm) and manganese (17.03-21.5 ppm) contents were high in the region. Nutrient index of available nitrogen was 1.00 (Low) while, NI was 2.83 (High) & 2.36 (Medium) for available phosphorus and available potassium, respectively.


2021 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
R. Vasundhara ◽  
N. B. Prakash ◽  
K. S. Anil Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Hegde ◽  
S. Dharumarajan

The present study was undertaken to assess the soil fertility status of major coconut and arecanut growing soils in different agro-climatic conditions of Karnataka. Based on the agro-climate variability, thirty typical soil pedons representing five different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of Karnataka, namely, eastern dry zone (EDZ), southern dry zone (SDZ), southern transitional zone (STZ), hilly zone (HZ), and coastal zone (CZ) were studied for their physicochemical properties. The study revealed that soils of semi-arid (EDZ and SDZ) and sub-humid (STZ) zones have near neutral to moderately alkaline reaction and humid region soils (coastal and hilly zones) have high acidity. The soils are non-saline with low cation exchange capacity. Greater soil organic carbon was recorded in arecanut soils than coconut under all ACZs except coastal zone. The major nutrients status of the soil samples indicated that the available nitrogen is low in all the pedons; the pooled data of available nitrogen content was higher in arecanut (166.3 kg ha-1) than coconut (152.6 kg ha-1), and hilly zone soils recorded higher available nitrogen. A wide range of available P2O5 was noticed in coconut and arecanut soils, ranging from 1.0 to 64.2 kg ha-1. The coconut soils (11.5 kg ha-1) recorded higher available P2O5 than arecanut soils (9.62 kg ha-1) when data were pooled. The soils were low to medium in available potassium, and a higher available K2O content was recorded in arecanut soils (151.7 kg ha-1) compared to coconut (110.1 kg ha-1). The available K2O ranged from 66.8 to 511.7 kg ha-1 in the surface and 37.6 to 461.2 kg ha-1 in sub-surface soils.


Author(s):  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Dhiraj Kadam ◽  
Shakti Tayde ◽  
Yogesh Dharmik

The present investigation was carried out to characterize and classify some typical healthy and declined Nagpur mandarin gardens in Warud and Morshi Tahsil’s of Amravati District (M.S.). Total forty two representative surface and depth soil samples from healthy and declined Nagpur mandarin gardens were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical properties. The findings revealed that the texture of soil is clayey (40 - 59 % clay in healthy gardens and 47.4 - 61.4 % clay in declined gardens). The bulk density and porosity in healthy gardens ranged 1.51 - 1.67 mg.m-3, 35.85 - 43.02 % in declined gardens; it varied from 1.51 to 1.66 mg.m-3 and 25.85 to 43.02 % respectively. The pH, organic carbon and CaCO3 content in healthy gardens soils varies 7.5 - 8.0, 4.8 - 9.0 g kg-1, 5.35 - 8.31 % and in declined gardens it’s 7.7 - 8.2, 1.95 - 3.75 gm kg-1, 6.71 - 10.53 % respectively. The electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity of healthy gardens soil was noticed 0.21 - 0.28 d.Sm-1, 45.92 - 55.53 c.mol (p+) kg ha-1 and in declined gardens it varied 0.22 - 0.32 d.Sm-1, 46.20 - 51.92 c.mol (p+) kg ha-1 respectively. Further, no significant difference was found in clay, bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity in healthy and declined gardens; however soil reaction was found high in declined gardens than healthy gardens. Organic carbon content was high and free lime content was reported lower in healthy gardens than declined gardens. Study on depth wise distribution showed that bulk density, pH and electrical conductivity increase with soil depth. Organic carbon and cation exchange capacity decreases with soil depth. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of healthy gardens surface soils are ranged 206.0 - 273.7 kg ha-1, 25.0 - 38.3 kg ha-1, 324 - 672 kg ha-1 and in declined gardens it’s varied as 135.4 - 206.8 kg ha-1, 19.8 - 23.3 kg ha-1, 364 - 750.4 kg ha-1 respectively. Available nitrogen and phosphorus content in healthy gardens found more supporting than declined ones. Depth wise distribution showed that available nitrogen and phosphorus showed decreasing trend with the soil depth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
S J H Dwenee ◽  
A S Falih ◽  
F O K Alghrairi ◽  
A F Hassan ◽  
S A Khudair ◽  
...  

Abstract A field experiment was carried out for three season 2017, 2018 and 2019 to investigate the role of some types of organic field residues (crop, tree and shrubs and orchard residues) in soil organic carbon built up and improving the soil fertility within conditions of salt stresses. Treatments were added based on their organic carbon content, to reach 1.0%, supplementing the organic carbon already present in the soil. The results showed that the percentage of loss in organic carbon differs according to the added organic residues. The percentage of the organic carbon remaining in the soil for season 2017 after harvest was 0.542%, 0.794%, 0.728% and 0.642% for control, crop residues, tree residues and shrubs and residues of orchards, respectively. In order to maintain the organic carbon ratio up to 1.0%, it was necessary to add organic residues in the following season 2018 in quantities of 0.742, 1.074 and 1.537 kg/m2, down from the initial addition in 2017 by 55.79%, 41.63% and 23.18%. In the 2019 season, the addition amounted to 0.537, 0.691 and 1.108 kg/m2, down from the initial addition in 2017 by 68.03%, 62.44% and 44.64% for the treatments, crop, tree and shrubs and orchard residues, respectively. The addition of orchard residue treatment showed a significant difference in the yield of straw and grains in all years of implementation of the experiment, at a rate of 18.67%, 7.38% and 11.22% in 2017, with a rate of 13.68%, 1.74% and 8.67% in 2018, at a rate of 17.11%, 3.44% And 6.59% in 2019 for control, tree and shrubs residues and crop residues, respectively. The addition of organic wastes improved the soil fertility for three years of study, as the salinity decreased by 16.65% and the total nitrogen, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus increased by 22.91%, 42.36%, 33.01%, 30.86% and 32.95%, respectively.


Author(s):  
Mahendra Prasad ◽  
Sonu Kumar Mahawer ◽  
Prabhu Govindasamy ◽  
Sunil Kumar

An observational study was carried out to assess the soil fertility attributes of three districts (i.e. Jhansi, Datia and Tikamgarh) of the Bundelkhand region of central India. Soil samples were collected randomly from 0-15 cm soil depth using a soil auger with a diameter of 5 cm and followed the standard protocols for assessing the soil fertility attributes. A total number of samples were 58 (randomly selected sites). The soil reaction was neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 7.28-9.71) in nature.  The electrical conductivity (EC) values were low (0.01- 0.89 dS m-1) indicating that of no harmful effect on crop growth. Most of the soils were found under low category of soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The available potassium (K) and sulphur (S) were found in the range between 68.32 to 781.76 kg ha-1 and 7.97 to 273.24 kg ha-1, respectively. With respect to DTPA extractable micronutrients i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were in sufficient range but boron (B), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were in low category. Based on the Soil Nutrient Index (SNI), the soils of the study area were found in low fertility status for N and P and medium in SOC and K. The SNI for S was ranging from medium to high fertility category. Thus, SOC, N, P, K, B, Fe and Mn were the key soil fertility constraints in the Jhansi, Datia and Tikamgarh districts of the Bundelkhand region. The balanced use of chemical fertilizers and micronutrients (B, Fe and Mn) based on the soil test results along with the combination of bio-fertilizers and organic manures as an integrated nutrient management (INM) approach could greatly help in maintaining the soil fertility and sustainable crop production in Bundelkhand region of central India.


2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
M. Usman ◽  
M. G. Nangere

This study was carried out at three different locations in Yobe State (North Eastern Nigeria), to determine the effect of cattle trampling on soil properties and sorghum productivity. The study locations were Potiskum, Nangere and Fika Local Government Areas of the state. Soil depth (25-30 cm height and diameter) were collected from each location and analyzed for particle size distribution, pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus and exchangeable cations as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density (BD), total porosity (Pt) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). Each sampling involved collection from cattle trampled and un-trampled areas with sorghum as the test crop. Effect of trampling on root mass, length and stover yields were also determined after sorghum cultivation in each of the location. Results indicated that there were significant effects of cattle trampling with respect to soil properties investigated. However, post planting results of the analysis revealed that trampled soils had significantly lower statistical values for all yield parameters of sorghum when compared with un-trampled soils in all the study locations. There is need to improve the structure of soils in all study locations through incorporation of organic matter and proper soil management for increased permeability, root penetration, aeration and water infiltration. Also, there is need for cattle routes demarcations to provide free movement of livestock across the locations without encroachment into farmlands.


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