scholarly journals Financial Strain and Loneliness among Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Psychosocial Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6942
Author(s):  
Tehila Refaeli ◽  
Netta Achdut
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

The COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus) pandemic, which has been accompanied by an economic crisis and multiple restrictions on our lives, has sparked renewed interest in the topic of loneliness as well as its determinants. We examined (1) the association between financial strain, occurring upon the outbreak of the virus, and loneliness among Israeli young people (aged 20–35); (2) the associations between cognitive social capital, psychological resources, and loneliness; and (3) whether these social and psychological resources were moderators in the financial strain–loneliness link. A real-time survey based on snowball sampling was conducted during April 2020 (N = 426). Hierarchical linear models were employed to explore associations between financial strain, cognitive social capital, psychological resources, and loneliness. Financial strain emerging during the pandemic was associated with greater loneliness. Cognitive social capital and optimism decreased loneliness. Sense of mastery moderated the financial strain–loneliness link. Policymakers must develop and extend mental health initiatives aimed at alleviating the psychological consequences of the pandemic and must also combat financial strain via unemployment compensation and social assistance programs. In line with the United Nations sustainable development goals, these tasks should be viewed as an integral part of promoting public health.

scholarly journals Unemployment and Psychological Distress among Young People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychological Resources and Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Achdut ◽  
Tehila Refaeli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Health Initiatives

In the wake of COVID-19, unemployment and its potential deleterious consequences have attracted renewed interest. We examined (1) the association between unemployment, occurring upon the coronavirus outbreak, and psychological distress among Israeli young people (20–35-years-old); (2) the associations between various psychological resources/risk factors and psychological distress; and (3) whether these resources and risk factors were moderators in the unemployment-psychological distress link. A real-time survey based on snowball sampling was conducted during the month of April 2020 (N = 390). We employed hierarchical linear models to explore associations between unemployment, psychological resources, risk factors, and psychological distress. Unemployment was independently associated with greater psychological distress. Perceived trust, optimism, and sense of mastery decreased psychological distress, whereas financial strain and loneliness during the crisis increased this distress. The effect of unemployment on psychological distress did not depend on participants’ resource and risk factor levels. Policymakers must develop and extend health initiatives aimed at alleviating the mental health consequences of COVID-19-related unemployment and promote labor market interventions to help young job seekers integrate into employment. These measures, which are in line with the UN sustainable development goals, should be seen as an important route to promote public health.

scholarly journals Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital: An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Models ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Community Segregation ◽  
Do So

Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.

Entrepreneurs’ network evolution – the relevance of cognitive social capital

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurs’ network evolution in the start-up phase. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the case studies of six fashion start-up firms, this study uses a three-dimensional perspective on social capital (structural, relational, cognitive) to investigate entrepreneurs’ network evolution (i.e. initiation of new relationships) in the start-up phase so as to acquire resources and support for firms’ goals. The study focuses particularly on the understudied cognitive dimension of social capital. The fashion industry provides a relevant research setting because it is characterised by changes in demand, which generate opportunities for entrepreneurship. Findings – The findings show that the display of cognitive attributes is important for the creation of structural social capital (the establishment of new relationships). The findings also indicate that relationships initiated based on the cognitive dimension have a high probability of developing into embedded relationships, thereby becoming high in the relational dimension and providing access to private information containing referrals to other actors. Thus, these relationships also promote the continued development of the structural dimension. Originality/value – The findings imply that the entrepreneurs’ sets of cognitive attributes constitute an important asset in the creation of social capital. They also point to the importance of signalling these values to potential resource holders. Relationships initiated through the display of cognitive attributes can provide resources without requiring immediate economic remuneration.

scholarly journals What Predicts Stable Mental Health in the 18–29 Age Group Compared to Older Age Groups? Results from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2002–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Winzer ◽  
Kimmo Sorjonen ◽  
Lene Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Age Group

Mental health has decreased in young people since the 1990s, and mental health promotion is an urgent matter. A first step is to identify which social determinants could be of importance for intervention. We used the Stockholm Public Health Cohort, a longitudinal population-based health survey, completed by 31,000 inhabitants in the Stockholm County. We focused on the 18–29 age group, n = 3373 (60% females, 40% males) and aimed at assessing which social determinants predict stable mental health, measured as scoring <3 points on the General Health Questionnaire 12 at all time points: 2002, 2007, 2010, and 2014. Forty-six percent of males and 36% of females reported stable mental health. Among the 17 predictors on sociodemographics, socioeconomics, social capital, health behavior, and victimization, six predicted stable mental health in the following order: occupation and especially employment, emotional support, male gender, being born in Sweden, absence of financial strain, and consumption of fruit and berries. In the 30–84 age group, 66% males and 55% females reported stable mental health. Nine determinants in the following rank predicted stable mental health: absence of financial strain, occupation and especially being self-employed, emotional support, male gender, physical activity, instrumental support, interpersonal trust, community trust, and absence of hazardous alcohol consumption. Interaction analysis showed significant difference between the younger and older group regarding physical activity and absence of financial strain with importance being higher for the older group. Our findings indicate that the determinants of health differ across the life-course with fewer predictors related to social capital and health behavior in the younger group compared to the older. We conclude that health-promoting interventions should be lifespan-sensitive.

scholarly journals Changes in socio-economic status and lipoproteins in Chilean adolescents: a 16-year longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-353
Author(s):  
Zachary J Madewell ◽  
Estela Blanco ◽  
Raquel Burrows ◽  
Betsy Lozoff ◽  
Sheila Gahagan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Environmental Capital

AbstractObjectiveThe present longitudinal study assessed whether changes in socio-economic status (SES) from infancy to adolescence were associated with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in adolescence, of which low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations are associated with higher cardiovascular risk.DesignSES, assessed using the modified Graffar Index, was calculated at 1, 5, 10 and 16 years. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation extracted two orthogonal SES factors, termed ‘environmental capital’ and ‘social capital’. Generalized linear models were used to analyse associations between environmental and social capital at 1 and 16 years and outcomes (HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, TC) at 16 years, as well as changes in environmental and social capital from 1–5, 5–10, 10–16 and 1–16 years, and outcomes at 16 years.SettingSantiago, Chile.ParticipantsWe evaluated 665 participants from the Santiago Longitudinal Study enrolled at infancy in Fe-deficiency anaemia studies and examined every 5 years to age 16 years.ResultsSocial capital in infancy was associated with higher HDL-C in adolescence. Environmental capital in adolescence was associated with higher LDL-C and TC during adolescence. Changing environmental capital from 1–16 years was associated with higher LDL-C. Changing environmental capital from 1–5 and 1–16 years was associated with higher TC.ConclusionsImprovements in environmental capital throughout childhood were associated with less healthy LDL-C and TC concentrations in adolescence. We found no evidence of associations between changing environmental capital and HDL-C or TAG, or changing social capital and HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG or TC.

scholarly journals The Impact Facebook and Twitter has on the Cognitive Social Capital of University Students

10.28945/2160 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 001-030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Petersen ◽  
Kevin A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
University Students ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
University Life ◽  
Facebook Usage ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital ◽  
The Impact

The impact that Facebook and Twitter usage has on the creation and maintenance of university student’s cognitive social capital was investigated on students in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Facebook and Twitter were selected as part of the research context because both are popular online social network systems (SNSs), and few studies were found that investigated the impact that both Facebook and Twitter have on the cognitive social capital of South African university students. Data was collected from a survey questionnaire, which was successfully completed by over 100 students from all 5 universities within the Western Cape. The questionnaire was obtained from a previous study, allowing comparisons to be made. Analysis of the results however, did not show a strong relationship between the intensity of Facebook and Twitter usage, and the various forms of social capital. Facebook usage was found to correlate with student’s satisfaction with university life; which suggests that increasing the intensity of Facebook usage for students experiencing low satisfaction with university life might be beneficial.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Among Pakistani Adults in Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Majeed ◽  
Elizabeth Maria Schwaiger ◽  
Abia Nazim ◽  
Ivan Suneel Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the wake of the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus and the resultant restrictive measures, mental health has become a crucial issue. Physical health is not the only aspect of humans that is at risk. Globally, the rates and severity of mental illness are being significantly impacted by this pandemic. Two scales have been validated to measure the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of anxiety and obsessional thinking in clinical and non-clinical populations. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19 in the general public of Lahore, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: Data were collected via snowball sampling from May 9 to May 19. An online survey consisting of a demographic profile and two scales, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), was sent through email, WhatsApp, and Facebook groups to adults (18 years and above) of Lahore, Pakistan.Results: A total of 240 individuals (20% men and 80% women) recorded their responses. The majority belonged to a nuclear family system (60%), and their education level ranged from high school to Ph.D. The cut-off score for probable dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and obsession levels was not met within this sample (CAS, M = 3.24, SD = 4.21; OCS, M = 4.14, SD = 3.15), suggesting that the general population of Lahore, Pakistan is not suffering from dysfunctional anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Forty-seven participants' score on OCS and 35 participants' scores on CAS were above the cut-off, i.e., ≥7 and ≥9, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship (**p &lt; 0.619) between anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19.Conclusion: One important, yet surprising, conclusion of this study is that the average adult in Lahore does not show much anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Other studies around the world using these measurement tools have indicated significantly high levels of both anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19. These findings may demonstrate the resilience of Pakistanis or perhaps the lack of understanding of the seriousness of the situation.

scholarly journals The categorical study for cognitive social capital among university students

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (0) ◽  
pp. 1PMB21-1PMB21
Author(s):  
Michimasa HAGA ◽  
Takanobu MATUURA ◽  
Itsuki YAMAKAWA ◽  
Yui MOTOYAMA ◽  
Shinji SAKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital
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