scholarly journals Soy Expansion, Environment, and Human Development: An Analysis across Brazilian Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Simone Piras ◽  
Valdemar João Wesz ◽  
Stefano Ghinoi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

In the last decades, Brazil has become one of the largest soybean producers and exporters in the world. Although dedicated policies have been implemented since the 1960s, the recent rapid transition towards an agricultural system largely based on soy has had a strong impact on the country’s socio-economic structure—not only in terms of land and labour markets but also on its diverse ecosystems. According to the extant literature, soy has had a beneficial impact on local human development, measured by the human development index (HDI) of the municipalities. However, there is a lack of empirical studies assessing the impact of soy expansion on the single dimensions of the HDI (longevity, education, and income) to disentangle the indirect effects of socio-environmental change while controlling for other local dynamics. To fill this gap, we applied econometric methods to a novel dataset combining municipal-level data on soy production with socio-economic and environmental data for the period 1991–2010. Our findings confirm the positive relation between soy expansion and the HDI at local level, but this relation differs between different HDI dimensions. The marginal benefits of soy expansion are increasing for the income dimension but decreasing for education and longevity. On the other hand, changes in soy productivity (a proxy for agricultural intensification) have a more complex impact on the HDI and its dimensions, but in general its marginal benefits are decreasing over time. Further research could expand the time series once more up-to-date information becomes available.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF OBJECT-ORIENTED METRICS TOWARDS FAULT-PRONENESS PREDICTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASSEY ISONG ◽  
EKABUA OBETEN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Relevant Article ◽  
System Failures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fault Proneness ◽  
Object Oriented Metrics

Object-oriented (OO) approaches of software development promised better maintainable and reusable systems, but the complexity resulting from its features usually introduce some faults that are difficult to detect or anticipate during software change process. Thus, the earlier they are detected, found and fixed, the lesser the maintenance costs. Several OO metrics have been proposed for assessing the quality of OO design and code and several empirical studies have been undertaken to validate the impact of OO metrics on fault proneness (FP). The question now is which metrics are useful in measuring the FP of OO classes? Consequently, we investigate the existing empirical validation of CK + SLOC metrics based on their state of significance, validation and usefulness. We used systematic literature review (SLR) methodology over a number of relevant article sources, and our results show the existence of 29 relevant empirical studies. Further analysis indicates that coupling, complexity and size measures have strong impact on FP of OO classes. Based on the results, we therefore conclude that these metrics can be used as good predictors for building quality fault models when that could assist in focusing resources on high risk components that are liable to cause system failures, when only CK + SLOC metrics are used.

scholarly journals Big science and human development: what is the connection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gastrow ◽  
Thelma Oppelt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
The Impact

The rationale for public expenditure and political support for large-scale science infrastructure is commonly underpinned by a universalist logic of big science’s benefits. Literature assessing the impact of big science focuses on its contributions towards new fundamental insights about the universe; the development of skills, capabilities, networks, and innovation; and the development of globally transformative technology platforms that in turn make significant impacts on global human development. However, research into the local development impact of big science infrastructure is scarce. In this paper we reflect on the development impact of a big science project at the local level, drawing on the case study of the Square Kilometre Array telescope in South Africa’s Karoo region. We find that the universalist logic that appears to apply at the global and national levels does not necessarily apply at the local level, where big science has resulted in human development benefits, but also substantial economic and social costs. On this basis we recommend that big science infrastructures, particularly in marginalised areas of developing countries, require a localised development proposition that takes into account local social complexities on the basis of extensive local engagement. Significance: A synthetic review is presented of the different causal pathways through which big science may impact on human development. Analytical distinctions are developed between the human development impacts of big science at the global, national, and local scales. Considerations are put forward for a developmental agenda for big science facilities, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals Enhancing operations management through smart sensors: measuring and improving well-being, interaction and performance of logistics workers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Aloini ◽  
Andrea Fronzetti Colladon ◽  
Peter Gloor ◽  
Emanuele Guerrazzi ◽  
Alessandro Stefanini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to conduct an exploratory investigation of the material handling activities of an Italian logistics hub. Wearable sensors and other smart tools were used for collecting human and environmental features during working activities. These factors were correlated with workers' performance and well-being.Design/methodology/approachHuman and environmental factors play an important role in operations management activities since they significantly influence employees' performance, well-being and safety. Surprisingly, empirical studies about the impact of such aspects on logistics operations are still very limited. Trying to fill this gap, the research empirically explores human and environmental factors affecting the performance of logistics workers exploiting smart tools.FindingsResults suggest that human attitudes, interactions, emotions and environmental conditions remarkably influence workers' performance and well-being, however, showing different relationships depending on individual characteristics of each worker.Practical implicationsThe authors' research opens up new avenues for profiling employees and adopting an individualized human resource management, providing managers with an operational system capable to potentially check and improve workers' well-being and performance.Originality/valueThe originality of the study comes from the in-depth exploration of human and environmental factors using body-worn sensors during work activities, by recording individual, collaborative and environmental data in real-time. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the current paper is the first time that such a detailed analysis has been carried out in real-world logistics operations.

scholarly journals Modeling of human development index in the world

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
A. Stavytskyy ◽  
V. Sachko
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of human development on changes and transformations in economics and on the general development of the state for the countries of the European Union and Ukraine in the period from 1990 to 2018, as well as ways of its modeling using statistical and econometric methods. The analysis of the factors influencing the development of human capital made it possible to draw a conclusion about the direct dependence of changes in the economic and social spheres and the level of quality of life of the population. Innovative universities, namely University 4.0, also in turn play a significant role in shaping the new modern knowledge economy and the development of the state as a whole, influencing society through cognitive technologies. To determine the results, time series models and multiple and panel regression models were developed based on the data of the Human Development Index and other socio-economic indicators that determine the financial stability of the state and the level of its security and welfare. The obtained models were tested for adequacy, significance of coefficients, stability and possibility of their use in practice in order to determine the most optimal of them. After conducting the necessary tests and calculating the error of RMSPE, the best of all constructed and analyzed models was the Holt-Winters model. It is universal and can be used to further forecast the economic, social and demographic indicators of other regions of the world with possible adjustments of the main parameters and coefficients to obtain the most accurate results and use this model in practice. The study concluded with an analysis of the main areas of reform and recovery of the Ukrainian economy and the spheres of education and health care to achieve social progress in the country and increase its level of development.

scholarly journals Restriction of Technical Capabilities, Public Investment and Human Development: A Panel Results Analysis for Local Governments of the Department of Ayacucho in Peru, 2010-2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. p142
Author(s):  
Tahereh Alavi Hojjat ◽  
Juan Daniel Morocho Ruiz ◽  
Humberto Correa Cánova
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

The present research work analyzes the contribution of the restriction of technical capacities to the level of human development registered in the local governments of Ayacucho during the period 2010-2012. This paper is testing to evaluate if during 2010-2012 period, the reduction of human development levels of the local governments of the department of Ayacucho is due to the restriction of technical capacities that limit the execution of public investment at the local level. In particular, the results obtained support the research hypothesis that during the reference period, the expenditure of the local governments of the department of Ayacucho is mainly limited by two factors: first, the restriction of technical capacities in municipal policy and management; and second, the strategic planning. These two factors in turn, reduce the execution of public investment by 9.32% and 6.12%, respectively. Likewise, this capacity restriction contributes to a reduction in the execution of public investment by 8.35%. Additionally, it is found that, although the impact of public investment on human development at the local level is positive, in terms of magnitude, it is relatively minor, as shown in the empirical work carried out by Correa & Morocho (2015). Finally, it is found that during the period 2010-2012, the technical capacity constraints in municipal policy and management, plus lack of appropriate strategic planning, reduced the Human Development Index (HDI) of the local governments of Ayacucho by 0.10%, 0.06% and 0.08%, respectively.

scholarly journals Youth Vocational Counseling Work: The Redefinition of Duties, the Distribution of Professional Roles, and the Impact of Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Sophie Devineau
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Vocational Counseling ◽  
Program Coordinators ◽  
Job Openings ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

The 1960s myth that good vocational counseling means successful youth entry into employment is back in favor and imposing itself on educational policy as an absolute priority during this period of high unemployment. But implementation of these youth career planning and employment policies has largely been delegated to local-level authorities, where interventions now take the form of reticular projects.This is the context in which we test the hypothesis of a crisis in the work of actors providing youth vocational counseling, program coordinators of various ranks, psychological counselors, and referent teachers working with students.The methodology for the main study is based on interviews with a range of professionals. A supplementary study analyzed the content of articles in “L’echo des régions”, the magazine of the Association of the Regions of France, from 2010 to 2015.One finding to emerge from these observations is that the educational system internalizes concerns connected with job openings in occupations, while actors focused on post-scholastic job placement request more general education. This role inversion highlights the main contradictions running through youth vocational guidance. All actors attest to the limitations thwarting their voluntarism as well as to the dilemmas they face. Among the identified obstacles are the individualization of vocational paths and the emergence of case-by-case counseling, the application of the principle of equality to competing strategies, the disorganization of institutions allocated declining financial resources, conflicts of interest in partnerships, devalued courses of study, and insecure jobs. We also observed that the proffered arguments propose handling youth career counseling and entry into employment according to an “emergency response” model. In such a landscape devoid of egalitarian prospects, it nonetheless emerges that the path toward the equality of girls with boys is more open. At the same time, an opposing gender logic appears in the distribution of professional tasks, with particular consequences for women and especially female teachers.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of pubs on community cohesion and wellbeing in the English countryside

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Cabras ◽  
Matthew P. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Third Places ◽  
Community Cohesion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore and examine how public houses or pubs function as facilitators and developers of community cohesion and social interactions in rural areas of England. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data and information about facilities and services available for 284 rural parishes in two different points in time (2000 and 2010) to elaborate an index measurement of community cohesion. The index, created upon a range of discrete variables capturing multiple aspects of community living, is then investigated by using structural equation models to assess the impact of pubs in shaping the levels of community cohesion in the English countryside. Findings Findings gathered from the analysis identify a strong positive relationship between the presence of pubs and higher levels of community cohesion index occurring within the examined parishes, indicating that this relationship is maintained in time regardless of size of the parish, although different impacts are found in the two time points considered. Research limitations/implications As the study is based on a longitudinal examination, it can stimulate research on themes and issues regarding the impact of third places on community cohesion and social capital in rural and remote communities, increasing the amount of information and data available. For instance, due to the nature of information considered, the study could not explore the effects on rural communities’ wellbeing associated with different types of pubs’ ownership and management. Practical implications These results provide a valuable and original contribution to the literature related to the measurement of community cohesion and wellbeing with regard to third places such as small businesses and local retailers, whose significant functions of fostering social aggregation and communal initiatives at a local level are frequently neglected. Social implications Findings from this study provide a valuable opportunity for policymakers and local administrators to evaluate policies and actions in support of their communities. In particular, findings provide an original piece of information about the social value of community pubs particularly in small and peripheral areas of England. Originality/value The paper provides new and original information about the importance of pubs and third places in general in fostering and developing community cohesion and wellbeing at a local level. Given the significant paucity of empirical studies in the field, the paper represents a valuable contribution to knowledge with particular regard to the methodology applied as well as the potential implications of its findings.

scholarly journals The American Experience with Occupational Safety and Health Regulation

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Chelius
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The Impact

The significant changes in American occupational safety and health policies are now over 10 years old. This paper reviews and integrates the empirical studies on the impact of this regulation. The evidence indicates that government mandated safety standards have had little or no beneficial impact on the workplace. Because of the long term nature of the problems, there is no evidence on the effectiveness of health standards; however several studies indicate such standards are quite inefficient. The workers' compensation system which was hoped to have influenced prevention with its price incentives has yielded mixed results. The introduction of the system appears to have enhanced safety; however higher benefits are associated with higher reported accident rates.

scholarly journals The White Working Class and the Legacy of the 1960s Ku Klux Klan in the 2016 Presidential Election

2021 ◽  
Vol 694 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Mattias Smångs
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
Civil Rights Era ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This is a theoretical and empirical exploration of how the presence of the Ku Klux Klan across southern communities in the 1960s mediated electoral support for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. The analysis is prompted by divergent perspectives on the impact of working-class whites’ economic grievances and cultural identities in Trump’s victory, and by conjectures of a relationship between past white ethno-racial mobilization and support for Trump. I show that the civil rights–era Klan’s defense of Jim Crow segregation created an enduring legacy of reactionary white collective identity and mobilization that together with contemporary economic and demographic conditions shaped local-level 2016 voting patterns in Trump’s favor. I also discuss the broader implications of the 2016 U.S. presidential election and scholarship into the temporal endurance of racism’s past forms and manifestations.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

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