scholarly journals Restriction of Technical Capabilities, Public Investment and Human Development: A Panel Results Analysis for Local Governments of the Department of Ayacucho in Peru, 2010-2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. p142
Author(s):  
Tahereh Alavi Hojjat ◽  
Juan Daniel Morocho Ruiz ◽  
Humberto Correa Cánova
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

The present research work analyzes the contribution of the restriction of technical capacities to the level of human development registered in the local governments of Ayacucho during the period 2010-2012. This paper is testing to evaluate if during 2010-2012 period, the reduction of human development levels of the local governments of the department of Ayacucho is due to the restriction of technical capacities that limit the execution of public investment at the local level. In particular, the results obtained support the research hypothesis that during the reference period, the expenditure of the local governments of the department of Ayacucho is mainly limited by two factors: first, the restriction of technical capacities in municipal policy and management; and second, the strategic planning. These two factors in turn, reduce the execution of public investment by 9.32% and 6.12%, respectively. Likewise, this capacity restriction contributes to a reduction in the execution of public investment by 8.35%. Additionally, it is found that, although the impact of public investment on human development at the local level is positive, in terms of magnitude, it is relatively minor, as shown in the empirical work carried out by Correa & Morocho (2015). Finally, it is found that during the period 2010-2012, the technical capacity constraints in municipal policy and management, plus lack of appropriate strategic planning, reduced the Human Development Index (HDI) of the local governments of Ayacucho by 0.10%, 0.06% and 0.08%, respectively.

E-Governance and Natural Hazards in Mozambique

2015 ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avelino Mondlane ◽  
Karin Hasson ◽  
Oliver Popov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

Strategic planning is a decisive process toward sustainable development for any organization. Mozambique has developed many tools toward good governance, among which Poverty Alleviation Strategy Paper (PARPA) is an umbrella. PARPA includes different key decisive segments of society, particularly the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as the pool for development. This chapter investigates to what extent e-Governance, particularly the development of strategies based on ICTs, can contribute to minimize the impact of floods at local governments by addressing best practice and decision-making process. The authors address backcasting methodology as an approach to consider in a participatory strategic planning for long-term decision-making processes. They use Chókwe District as a showcase where e-governance has an impact in mitigating and preventing the impact of floods.

The impact of compensation upon urban village residents satisfaction with the land expropriation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-216
Author(s):  
Ning Chai ◽  
Rob Stevens ◽  
Xiaozhen Fang ◽  
Chun Mao ◽  
Ding Wang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Land Expropriation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to investigate compensation and related welfare issues in the case of the expropriation of land for urban redevelopment in China. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach was selected to undertake the research. This involved a wide ranging qualitative review of the academic and policy literature to explore the relevant arguments and issues, combined with a quantitative regression analysis of survey data collected from research subjects. Findings The research identified the complex and changeable phenomena of urban village redevelopment in China, and the variable compensation arrangements used. The research found that monthly family income before land expropriation, monthly family expense before expropriation, the location of the housing expropriation and family unit size are important determinants for the property holders chosen methods of compensation. It also found that an increase in family size leads to a decreasing probability that the expropriated farmers choose the single monetary compensation relative to the alternative option of housing compensation. The degree of satisfaction with compensation, changes in monthly family income and expense are found to be significant determinants for changes in life satisfaction. Research limitations/implications The research made the following four recommendations based upon the qualitative and quantitative analysis: that local governments should pay closer governance/ political attention to changes in the welfare of the farmers/ villagers whose property has been expropriated; that central and local government should aim to improve the compensation system for rural land and property expropriation, to make the compensation policy be perceived as fairer and more reasonable by citizens; that a broad National standard of compensation be used within a pragmatic locally focussed regime; that the Chinese Central, Provincial and Local governments can devise improved policy tools and make more effective policy interventions by learning from the experiences (both successes and failures) of other countries approaches to this topic. It also suggested that further research be undertaken investigating the multitude of local level policy experiments, as a way of developing better National compensation standards based upon those compensation standards that appear to be working – and have citizen support – at the local level. Originality/value The literature review identified recent developments in Chinese urban studies and originally synthesised both recent and longstanding work on the issue of urban villages in China. The research also suggested changes to the National and Local legal and policy framework for compensation cases in urban redevelopment expropriation scenarios.

scholarly journals National-Local Networks and Immigration Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376
Author(s):  
Jill L. Tao
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Impact

The ability to regulate the flow of goods, capital and people across borders is one of the defining characteristics of nation-state political power. But there is not always agreement between the central government and local officials as to the desirability of immigration, where local governments may desire greater, or fewer, numbers of immigrants, depending on the local economy and labor needs. In South Korea, a unitary form of government offers an opportunity to examine the policy distance between the national government’s stance on immigration based on the politics of the ruling party, and the attitudes of local officials who work for metropolitan-level governments (those with a population of one million or more). I look at the impact of local economic market needs on local attitudes towards national immigration policy through the lens of intergovernmental relations and Lipsky’s concept of bureaucratic discretion. Comparing two cases drawn from local governments in South Korea with dissimilar economic bases but similar levels of local autonomy, I find that economic needs at the local level are addressed by local approaches to immigration policy. Contrary to expectations, the cases illustrate the relative importance of fiscal autonomy and a new understanding for political autonomy. These cases illustrate the need for caution when applying political and institutional theory within new contexts and offer new variables for future investigations of local autonomy.

Ecuador's Correa slashes spending to appease investors

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of fiscal austerity on growth and the re-election outlook. Significance Following a long fiscal expansion, Ecuador is set to enter a period of austerity. The collapse of world oil prices and the deterioration of public finances have forced President Rafael Correa's government to propose a 15% reduction in spending next year. The cut will improve public finances and please international investors, but create political problems for the president and government as the country moves towards elections in 2017. Impacts Lower levels of public spending will decrease domestic demand and place downward pressure on growth. Oil revenues and savings from public investment in infrastructure will support public finances over the longer term. These will include revenues from oil fields previously integrated into the Yasuni/ITT environmental programme. Clashes between the central and local governments will increase as austerity deepens and pre-election political jostling intensifies.

scholarly journals Formation of budgets of local self governance in the system of social development of territorial communities

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Alexey Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Local Government Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget System

The subject of the study is theoretical and practical issues of the formation of budgets of local self-government in the system of social development of territorial communities. The purpose of the study is to reveal the priority tasks for improving the system of formation of budgets of local self-government. Research methods. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systematic, structural, comparative, factor methods, which allowed to realize the conceptual unity of the research. Results of work. The article reveals the role of local self-government budgets in the development of administrative-territorial units. A number of legislative and normative acts on regulation of the process of formation of budgets of local self-government are generalized. The priority tasks of the budget policy concerning support of territorial communities, strengthening of their tax capacity, increase of efficiency of coordination of activity of bodies of state power and local self-government are determined. The article is based on the establishment of an effective institutional framework for the formation of local self-government budgets in the system of social development of territorial communities. The field of application of results. System of state financial regulation, budgetary policy, budget system. Conclusions. The development of the budget system is possible by ensuring the sustainability of the formation of local government budgets in the system of social development of territorial communities, activating their innovation-investment component and strengthening the influence on the socio-economic development of administrative-territorial units. The importance of further enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the formation of local government budgets is conditioned by the need to increase the efficiency of the management of public financial resources in the conditions of their constraints, the development of a strategy for the development of local government budgets and the creation of institutional conditions for increasing their self-sufficiency, taking into account the cyclical nature of economic fluctuations and the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors in financially -budgetary environment. At this stage, the important task is to implement effective transformations of the system of forming local budgets by supporting voluntary associations of territorial communities, which necessitates the increase of efficiency and efficiency of administrative decisions of executive bodies and local governments in the field of strategic budget planning. It is advisable to improve the system of monitoring the socioeconomic efficiency of local government budget expenditures by using qualitative and quantitative indicators, introducing medium-term budget planning at the local level, adhering to the principle of transparency and accountability of local self-governance bodies to the public. Important tasks are improving the system of formation of local budgets taking into account application of modern financial-budget methods and tools; Creation of effective incentives to ensure the interest of local self-government bodies in the growth of their own income base and increase their level of responsibility for the use of budget resources; ensuring adequate revenues to local government budgets, and increasing the efficiency of the use of budget resources.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Financial Inclusion through Social Empowerment through in Nanded District

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Empowerment

In the present research work, the researcher tried to study the consequence of financial inclusion on social empowerment. The social empowerment is one of the essential indicators of human development. The social empowerment is achieved through its different parameter. The researcher made an attempt to analyze the relevance of financial inclusion in the context of social empowerment. For this purpose, researcher selected the sample size of 400 households both equally from rural and urban part of Nanded district. It is observed that there is significant difference in the level of social empowerment in rural and urban part of Nanded district. The findings, conclusions and suggestions are presented at the end of research paper

scholarly journals Big science and human development: what is the connection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gastrow ◽  
Thelma Oppelt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
The Impact

The rationale for public expenditure and political support for large-scale science infrastructure is commonly underpinned by a universalist logic of big science’s benefits. Literature assessing the impact of big science focuses on its contributions towards new fundamental insights about the universe; the development of skills, capabilities, networks, and innovation; and the development of globally transformative technology platforms that in turn make significant impacts on global human development. However, research into the local development impact of big science infrastructure is scarce. In this paper we reflect on the development impact of a big science project at the local level, drawing on the case study of the Square Kilometre Array telescope in South Africa’s Karoo region. We find that the universalist logic that appears to apply at the global and national levels does not necessarily apply at the local level, where big science has resulted in human development benefits, but also substantial economic and social costs. On this basis we recommend that big science infrastructures, particularly in marginalised areas of developing countries, require a localised development proposition that takes into account local social complexities on the basis of extensive local engagement. Significance: A synthetic review is presented of the different causal pathways through which big science may impact on human development. Analytical distinctions are developed between the human development impacts of big science at the global, national, and local scales. Considerations are put forward for a developmental agenda for big science facilities, particularly in developing countries.

The Influence of Neighboring Jurisdictions Matters: Examining the Impact of Natural Disasters on Local Government Fiscal Accounts

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-463
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Jingran Sun
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Relief Service ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of natural disasters on emergency and disaster relief service (EDRS) expenditure in the governmental funds for sixty-six counties in the state of Florida between 2009 and 2013. Specifically, it will explore whether the fiscal responses of local governments in these fiscal accounts are spatially dependent by using the spatial Durbin model. It finds that EDRS expenditures in the general fund and in the special revenue fund of one county are influenced by the levels of damage in neighboring counties. This study also finds a spillover effect of intergovernmental revenues from state and federal governments on these EDRS expenditures in fiscal accounts. These results suggest that the provision of public goods (such as disaster relief activities) may generate spatial spillover at the local level in the context of US federalism. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of accounting for spatial factors in the study with respect to local jurisdictions’ fiscal reactions to natural disasters.

scholarly journals Soy Expansion, Environment, and Human Development: An Analysis across Brazilian Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Simone Piras ◽  
Valdemar João Wesz ◽  
Stefano Ghinoi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

In the last decades, Brazil has become one of the largest soybean producers and exporters in the world. Although dedicated policies have been implemented since the 1960s, the recent rapid transition towards an agricultural system largely based on soy has had a strong impact on the country’s socio-economic structure—not only in terms of land and labour markets but also on its diverse ecosystems. According to the extant literature, soy has had a beneficial impact on local human development, measured by the human development index (HDI) of the municipalities. However, there is a lack of empirical studies assessing the impact of soy expansion on the single dimensions of the HDI (longevity, education, and income) to disentangle the indirect effects of socio-environmental change while controlling for other local dynamics. To fill this gap, we applied econometric methods to a novel dataset combining municipal-level data on soy production with socio-economic and environmental data for the period 1991–2010. Our findings confirm the positive relation between soy expansion and the HDI at local level, but this relation differs between different HDI dimensions. The marginal benefits of soy expansion are increasing for the income dimension but decreasing for education and longevity. On the other hand, changes in soy productivity (a proxy for agricultural intensification) have a more complex impact on the HDI and its dimensions, but in general its marginal benefits are decreasing over time. Further research could expand the time series once more up-to-date information becomes available.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Investment on Private Investment: A Disaggregated Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 639-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman Saeed ◽  
Kalim Hyder ◽  
Asghar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Results

The impact of public investment on private investment has been a matter of great interest in economic literature. Classical economists believed that public investment crowds out private investment. While Keynesian economists counter this argument and argued that public investment increases or crowds in private investment because of the multiplier effect. Many of the empirical studies have directly examined this by testing whether a statistically significant relationship exists or not, between public investment and private investment. The empirical work appears with mixed statistical results on the relationship between public and private investment. Results of Erenburg and Wohar (1995), Pereira (2001, 2003), Pereira and Roca-Sagales (2001), Hyder (2002) and Naqvi (2002) showed that public investment crowds in private investment while Pradhan, Ratha and Sarma (1990), Haque and Montiel (1993), Ahmed (1994), Voss (2002) and Narayan (2004) showed that public investment crowds out private investment.

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