scholarly journals An Investigation on the Effects of Input Parameters on the Dynamic and Electric Consumption of Electric Motorcycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7285
Author(s):  
Le-Trong Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Khoa ◽  
Ocktaeck Lim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Frontal Area ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Wheel Radius

The purpose of this paper is to study how input parameters affect the dynamic characteristics and electric consumption characteristics of an electric motorcycle. To achieve this goal, a simulation model of the electric motorcycle, including dynamic models and battery models were established based on mathematical models and using the MATLAB SIMULINK software (Parnas Tower 14th Floor521 Teheran-street Gangnam-district Seoul 06164 Korea). The simulation model was used to determine the velocity, propulsion torque, electric consumption characteristics with variable electric motorcycle mass, driver mass, wheel radius, frontal area, and transmission ratio. Through the simulation study, the paper found that when the electric motorcycle mass was increased from 60 kg to 100 kg, the maximum velocity decreased by 5.45%, the moving distance was reduced by 5.89%, and electric consumption increased by 0.11%. Following increased driver mass from 48 kg to 88 kg, the velocity and moving distance decreased by 5.45% and 5.89%, respectively, while also increasing electric consumption by 0.11%. When the wheel radius was changed from 0.205 m to 0.245 m, the maximum velocity increased by 11%, the moving distance increased by 11.2%, and electric consumption increased by 0.11%. When the frontal area was increased from 0.52 m2 to 0.92 m2, the velocity and moving distance decreased by 2.43% and 2.06%, respectively, while electric consumption increased by 0.04%. When the transmission ratio was increased from 2.66 to 4.94, the velocity and moving distance increased from 30.74 km/h to 70.7 km/h and from 303.12 m to 710.44 m, respectively, while electric consumption increased by 0.16%. Finally, an experimental study is conducted to examine the dynamics of the electric motorcycle. The experimental results have the same trend with simulation in the same initial condition. Through combination simulation and experiment, the researcher can optimize the dynamic and electric consumption of an electric motorcycle.

scholarly journals Experimental study of transmission ratio changing mechanism for motorcycle applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1108 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
B Supriyo ◽  
S Ariyono ◽  
S Sihono ◽  
B Sumiyarso ◽  
B Tjahyono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Transmission Ratio

Experimental study and simulation model of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump to CO2 for water heating: Inventory, coefficient of performance and total equivalent warming impact

Solar Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 278-297
Author(s):  
Gleberson Marques Humia ◽  
Willian Moreira Duarte ◽  
Juan Jose Garcia Pabon ◽  
Tiago de Freitas Paulino ◽  
Luiz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Water Heating

An Experimental Study of Longitudinal Tire Relaxation Constants for Vehicle Traction Dynamics Modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Vantsevich ◽  
Lyubomyr I. Demkiv ◽  
Sviatoslav R. Klos ◽  
Samuel R. Misko ◽  
Lee Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Transient Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Tire Testing ◽  
Relaxation Characteristics

Abstract Existing literature on vehicle traction dynamics were reviewed for a variety of vehicle and tire dynamic models, some of which consider the pneumatic tires’ relaxation as a property of vehicle transient dynamics. In general, unlike the lateral relaxation counterpart, the longitudinal tire relaxation characteristics were mostly overlooked in tire transient dynamics modeling. As a continuation of the analytical study published in the 2018 DSCC Proceedings, the co-authors of this paper present an experimental study of the longitudinal tire relaxation characteristics of a Continental MPT 81 tire. Experimental results were obtained by conducting tests on an MTS Flat-Trac LTR tire testing machine. The experimental data is analyzed to investigate longitudinal tire relaxation characteristics as they relate to changes of tire conditions. The goal is to verify and refine the existing models suggested in the literature; as well as, discuss advantages and disadvantages of different test procedures and tire testing equipment. In particular, the paper investigates the longitudinal tire relaxation constant variation due to changes of wheel velocity, tire inflation pressure, and sine oscillations of tire slippage in the time and frequency domains. The paper concludes on the influence of the longitudinal tire relaxation constants on the tire/vehicle traction dynamics modeling.

scholarly journals Washing Machine Dynamic Model to Prevent Tub Collision during Transient State

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6636
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sánchez-Tabuenca ◽  
Carmen Galé ◽  
Juan Lladó ◽  
Cristian Albero ◽  
Roberto Latre
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Transient Motion ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Transient Period ◽  
Displacement Measurements

In horizontal-axis washing machines, the front gasket as well as the damping system are crucial owing to the possible collision of the tub with the housing during the transient period. However, most dynamic models for predicting tub motion focus on the steady state and consider only the suspension system without including the gasket. We conducted an experimental study to analyze the effect of the gasket on the transient motion of the tub. The results obtained indicate the necessity of implementing the gasket in the multibody model of a washing machine to accurately predict the tub behavior during this period. The gasket model is formed by a combination of Voigt elements. Stiffness parameters are determined using a load cell, and damping factors are estimated using a process that integrates Adams/View, Matlab optimization algorithms, and displacement measurements that are taken using accelerometers. A D-optimal design used to predict the effect of the gasket parameters reveals that the tub displacement is most sensitive to the changes in linear stiffness in the transversal direction. Finally, the model of the gasket provides a better approach for predicting the tub movement during resonance that can be used in the design phase to avoid tub collision.

scholarly journals Simulation Model and Method for Active Torsional Vibration Control of an HEV

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biqing Zhong ◽  
Bin Deng ◽  
Han Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Vibration Control ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Torsional Vibration ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Torsional Angle ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) might cause new noise vibration and harshness (NVH) problems, due to their complex powertrain systems. Therefore, in this paper, a new longitudinal dynamic simulation model of a series-parallel hybrid electric bus with an active torsional vibration control module is proposed. First, the schematic diagrams of the simulation model architecture and the active control strategy are given, and the dynamic models of the main components are introduced. Second, taking advantage of the characteristics of hybrid systems, a method of determining the key dynamic parameters by a bench test is proposed. Finally, in a typical bus-driving cycle for Chinese urban conditions, time domain and frequency domain processing methods are used to analyze vehicle body jerk, fluctuation of rotational speed, and torsional angle of the key components. The results show that the active control method can greatly improve the system’s torsional vibration performance when switching modes and at resonance.

Low-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels in the Lamprey Locomotor Network: Simulation and Experiment

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Tegnér ◽  
Jeanette Hellgren-Kotaleski ◽  
Anders Lansner ◽  
Sten Grillner
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Calcium Current ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Network Simulation ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Calcium Conductance ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Rebound Firing

Tegnér, Jesper, Jeanette Hellgren-Kotaleski, Anders Lansner, and Sten Grillner. Low-voltage-activated calcium channels in the lamprey locomotor network: simulation and experiment. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1795–1812, 1997. To evaluate the role of low-voltage-activated (LVA) calcium channels in the lamprey spinal locomotor network, a previous computer simulation model has been extended to include LVA calcium channels. It is also of interest to explore the consequences of a LVA conductance for the electrical behavior of the single neuron. The LVA calcium channel was modeled with voltage-dependent activation and inactivation using the m 3 h form, following a Hodgkin-Huxley paradigm. Experimental data from lamprey neurons was used to provide parameter values of the single cell model. The presence of a LVA calcium conductance in the model could account for the occurrence of a rebound depolarization in the simulation model. The influence of holding potential on the occurrence of a rebound as well the latency at which it is elicited was investigated and compared with previous experiments. The probability of a rebound increased at a more depolarized holding potential and the latency was also reduced under these conditions. Furthermore, the effect of changing the holding potential and the reversal potential of the calcium dependent potassium conductance were tested to determine under which conditions several rebound spikes could be elicited after a single inhibitory pulse in the simulation model. A reduction of the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) after the action potential reduced the tendency for a train of rebound spikes. The experimental effects of γ-aminobutyric acid-B(GABAB) receptor activation were simulated by reducing the maximal LVA calcium conductance. A reduced tendency for rebound firing and a slower rising phase with sinusoidal current stimulation was observed, in accordance with earlier experiments. The effect of reducing the slow afterhyperpolarization and reducing the LVA calcium current was tested experimentally in the lamprey spinal cord, during N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced fictive locomotion. The reduction of burst frequency was more pronounced with GABAB agonists than with apamin (inhibitor of K(Ca) current) when using high NMDA concentration (high burst frequency). The burst frequency increased after the addition of a LVA calcium current to the simulated segmental network, due to a faster recovery during the inhibitory phase as the activity switches between the sides. This result is consistent with earlier experimental findings because GABAB receptor agonists reduce the locomotor frequency. These results taken together suggest that the LVA calcium channels contribute to a larger degree with respect to the burst frequency regulation than the sAHP mechanism at higher burst frequencies. The range in which a regular burst pattern can be simulated is extended in the lower range by the addition of LVA calcium channels, which leads to more stable activity at low locomotor frequencies. We conclude that the present model can account for rebound firing and trains of rebound spikes in lamprey neurons. The effects of GABAB receptor activation on the network level is consistent with a reduction of the calcium current through LVA calcium channels even though GABAB receptor activation will affect the sAHP indirectly and also presynaptic inhibition.

Research of Velocity Stability of Separate Meter in and Separate Meter out Control System for Over-Running Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 752-756
Author(s):  
Zhong Yi Cao ◽  
Xin Ming Liu ◽  
Wan Rong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
The Stability

There are some defects in the traditional over-running load hydraulic system, such as velocity control is poor and prone to velocity jitter, etc. In order to improve these weaknesses, the components and work principle of the separate meter in and separate meter out (SMISMO) were introduced and the actuator’s feature were analyzed , the simulation model of hydraulic studied system was built, the factors affecting the stability of the system are discussed in this paper. Simulation and experiment showed that the novel control system possessed higher velocity control precise and good stable characteristics.

Simulation and Experiment Study of Hybrid Actuators Five-Bar Mechanism Kinematics Parameter

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Ning Shan
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
The Real ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Kinematics Parameters

The kinematics model of planar closed-loop five-bar mechanism is established in this paper. The influence of mechanism’s input parameters on the output kinematics parameters is investigated by simulation. The five-bar mechanism is designed. The experimental system of hybrid actuators five-bar mechanism is established based PID control method. The experiment investigates the influence of mechanism’s input parameters on the output kinematics parameters. The results show that the mechanism’s output kinematics parameters depend on input parameters. The original angle of input bar is bigger, curves of kinematics parameters of output bar change more acutely. Applying PID control algorithm to control the hybrid actuators linkage, the real kinematics parameters of linkage are almost consistent with theory values and the error is less.

Sensitivity analysis of the wheel–rail normal contact on the basis of continuous factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (9) ◽  
pp. 1022-1034
Author(s):  
Florian Dörner ◽  
Tobias Bettinger ◽  
Christian Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Wagon Wheel ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Wheel Radius

The exact characterization of the wheel–rail normal contact situations is essential for its wear, fatigue, and guidance analysis. To simulate this contact, numerous input parameters are required. Many of them have to be estimated. The aim of this sensitivity analysis was to investigate the direct effects and interactions of the input parameters on the contact pressure distribution of a freight wagon wheel on a straight track. For this purpose, a finite element model was parametrized in such a way that all the parameters were continuous. This research demonstrates that the output parameters of the wheel–rail contact simulations have a broad deviation and the input variable with the most influence on the contact form and position is the lateral displacement of the wheelset. Nevertheless, the profile shape of the wheel and rail, the wheel radius, and the relative wheel–rail inclination are important input parameters as well, and also need to be considered for exact simulations of the wheel–rail contact. On the other hand, the deviation of material parameters of wheel and rail steel can be neglected.

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