scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8513
Author(s):  
Farah Tariq ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Different Parts

Basmati rice is increasingly recognized and consumed in different parts of the world due to its different tastes and nutritional properties. This research focused on determining the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) content in locally grown basmati rice in Pakistan and assessing the risks of these values to human health. Root, shoot and grain samples of basmati rice were taken, along with soil samples from the five regions studied. Metal mean concentrations (mg/kg) in grains fluctuated from 2.70 to 9.80 for Cd, 4.80 to 9.85 for Zn, 1.16 to 1.46 for Cu, 1.84 to 10.86 for Co, 2.05 to 13.07 for Fe, 5.03 to 11.11 for Mn and 3.24 to 13.28 for Ni, respectively. All metal values were within permissible limits except for Cd. The enrichment factor for Cd was highest among all sites. Cobalt and zinc had the highest bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The highest enrichment factor was noticed for Cd and the lowest for Cu. The health risk index at all examined sites was less than one. Consistent examination is recommended to limit health hazards instigated by the use of rice polluted with a greater concentration of Cd.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Accumulation in Rice Variety Kainat Irrigated with Canal Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13739
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Asim Mansha ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Farah Tariq ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Metal Levels

Due to the rapid increase in industrial and urban areas, environmental pollution is increasing worldwide, causing unwanted changes in the air, water, and soil at biological, physical, and chemical levels, ultimately causing negative effects for living things. This work was performed in Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan, and examined and measured heavy metal levels in various plant parts of the rice (Oryza sativa) variety Kainat (roots, shoots, and grains) with results been set in relation to the soil around the root area. The samples were taken from five different sites. The mean level of trace metals (mg/kg) in grains was soil-dependent and varied from cadmium (Cd) (2.49–5.52), zinc (Zn) (5.8–10.78), copper (Cu) (4.82–7.85), cobalt (Co) (1.48–6.52), iron (Fe) (8.68–14.73), manganese (Mn) (6.87–13.93), and nickel (Ni) (2.3–8.34). Excluding Cd, the absorption of all metals under inspection was recorded within permissible limits, as recommended by the FAO and WHO. The pollution load index for Cd was highest at all sites. The enrichment coefficient of Co, Cd, and Cu were greater. The bioaccumulation factor at all studied sites was present, in order: Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Fe ˃ Mn ˃ Co ˃ Ni ˃ Cd. The translocation factor was present at five different sites: Mn ˃ Fe ˃ Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Co ˃ Cd ˃ Ni. The health risk index of all inspected metals was lower than 1 and was within safe limits. The higher pollution of Cd suggested maintenance of rice crop is recommended, decreasing health risks in humans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cadmium Contaminated Roadside Soil Surface and its Transfer to Animals through Forage: Assessing the Health Risk Assessment for Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Nimra Arshad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
Sonaina Nazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Living System ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Health Risk Index

The increasing pollution in most industrialized area is a really attention seeking issue now a days. Air pollution caused by vehicular smoke contains handsome percentages of heavy metals like cadmium. Cadmium like other heavy metals accumulated in the bodies of living systems found around roads. Among the living system cadmium accumulate up to alarming rate like in soil, plants and animals. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the possible risk of the Cadmium on the soil, forage and buffalos. The study was done in the area of Sargodha district, Punjab, Pakistan. There were six sites selected for study on accumulation of Cd in the forages, soil and the Buffalo blood. The Cd content in soil samples was highest in sample collected from site III. The Cd content was highest in the forage sample collected from site IV and in the blood samples, and the bioaccumulation factor was highest in the samples collected from site V. The positive and non-significant correlation was found when soil and forage was correlated, unlike the correlation found between blood and forage which was found negative non-significant. The samples from site III showed high daily intake of metals, health risk index, and pollution load index. This study will bring attention towards the development of the strategies in order to be safe from the toxic effects of cadmium.

scholarly journals Impact of Wastewater and Canal Water Irrigation on the Accumulation of Copper in Maize and Millet of Different Districts of Punjab Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Ifra Saleem Malik ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
Asma Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

In current work, we examined the absorption of metal Copper in generally grown food crops (Maize & Millet), cultivated in the waste water irrigated different Districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Analyzed samples of Water, Soil, shoot and grain were processed through atomic absorption spectrometric method. Our findings of Copper in water and Shoot were highest for Millet of Sargodha, irrigated with wastewater (1.69 mg/kg and 1.43 mg/kg respectively). In soil and grain samples maximum absorption of Cu was obtained in the waste water irrigated Maize (Sargodha) and Millet (Sheikhupura). Overall, Cu level was within the acceptable parameters set by FAO/WHO (2001). In this study, we also find out different indices such as Enrichment factor, Translocation factor, Pollution Load Index, Bio-concentration factor, Daily intake of metal and Health Risk Index. The study determined that frequently intake of waste watered forages in experimenting zone may carry possible health uncertainties in inhabitants.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cadmium in Maize and Millet of Different District using Canal and Wastewater Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 406-418
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Ifra Saleem Malik ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Health Risk Index

The article is focused on concentration of cadmium in maize and millet collected in 2018-2019 from different district (Sargodha, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Lahore and Kasur) of Punjab under different irrigation sources Canal and wastewater. The values of Bioconcentration factor, Translocation factor, Pollution load index, Daily intake of metal, Health Risk Index and Enrichment factor were studied to evaluate the effect of heavy metal accumulation on grains quality and human health. Most of the metals observed in wastewater were present in high amount. Cd concentration increased considerably under wastewater irrigation in soil (1.06 mg/kg) and grains (1.05 mg/kg). Cd showed highest bioconcentration (3.82 mg/kg) in canal water. Wastewater irrigated soil exhibited the maximum Pollution Load Index (PLI) values as compared to control treatment. Under the influence of wastewater irrigation, Cd concentration increased considerably in soil and grains. The purpose of study is the labeling of Maize and Millets species of the area according to their toxicity/desirability for use as human food and fodder.

scholarly journals Study of nitrate levels in fruits and vegetables to assess the potential health risks in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayhan Uddin ◽  
Mostak Uddin Thakur ◽  
Mohammad Zia Uddin ◽  
G. M. Rabiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Potential Health

AbstractNitrate is a chemical compound naturally present in fruits and vegetables. This study aims at assessing the nitrate levels and health risks arising from high consumption of fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh. Sixteen species of fruits and vegetables were examined for nitrates using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to identify the cluster of tested fruits and vegetables for the nitrate contents. A point estimate of the daily intake was applied to find the health risks that arise due to elevated levels of nitrate in fruits and vegetables. The results show that root and tuber vegetables accumulate significantly higher levels of nitrate in comparison to fruits and fruit vegetables (P < 0.05). In cluster analysis, the nitrate accumulation of fruits and vegetables show four clear clusters contributing to 29.54%, 7.17%, 4.42%, and 58.57% of the total nitrate content in the entire sample. The risk assessment of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) of almost all the tested samples was in the acceptable range, except for radish, thereby indicating the acceptance of risk due to nitrate intake in Bangladesh. As nitrate may have had risk factor for health, during cultivation and storing the product should be properly monitored.

scholarly journals Persistence, dissipation and health risk assessment of combi-product profenofos and cypermethrin in/on sapota under sub-tropical agro-climatic conditions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 11030
Author(s):  
Vanrajsinh SOLANKI ◽  
Susheel SINGH ◽  
Rohan KANSARA ◽  
Kelvin GANDHI ◽  
Nitisha PATEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rapid Pace

Sapota, a prominent and economically important fruit crop of India is susceptible to several species of insect and mite pests. Several pesticides formulations are used to control the pest damage in sapota. The present investigation was aimed to study the dissipation and persistence behaviour of combi-product profenofos 40% + cypermethrin 4% (44EC) at the standard dose (SD) (1162 g a.i. ha-1+106 g a.i. ha-1) and double to standard dose (2×SD) (2324 g a.i. ha-1+212 g a.i. ha-1) in/on sapota under tropical agro-climatic conditions of South Gujarat in India. Prior to quantitative analysis of pesticide residue on Gas chromatography with electron captured detector (GC-ECD), the modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) based method was validated on its accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity. Profenofos persisted in sapota up to 30 days with the half-lives of 5.65 and 7.34 days at SD and 2×SD, respectively. Cypermethrin dissipated at a rapid pace and was below quantitation limit (BQL) on 7 days at either dose of application; the half-life values recorded were 3.27 and 4.43 days at SD and 2×SD, respectively. This is the first case study that reflects 14 days as a waiting period after the last spray of combi-product (44EC) at standard dose facilitates the residue-free sapota fruits. Further, the health risk index (HRI<1) and Health Index (HI %< 100%) indicates that the application of combi-product profenofos 40% + cypermethrin 4% (44EC) at standard dose could not pose any health risk to Indian consumers.

Accumulation Characteristics, Tolerance Differences and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sugarcane

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-429
Author(s):  
Guiping Xu ◽  
Chaobing Deng ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Hongxiang Zhu ◽  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Economic Output

Seven varieties of sugarcane were grown on soil polluted with heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, and As. Sugarcane growth, the heavy metal contents in different sugarcane tissues, and the subcellular distributions of the heavy metals in the roots and leaves were analyzed. The purpose of this investigation was to study sugarcane growth tolerance, the accumulation of heavy metals and the mechanism of sugarcane tolerance to heavy metals at the subcellular level. Health risk assessments were performed according to the models recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The patterns of heavy metal storage were demonstrated to differ among different tissues in all sugarcane varieties investigated. Most of the heavy metals that were absorbed accumulated in the roots of the sugarcane, and the heavy metals in the root cells were mostly located in the cell wall. The health risk index was used to analyze the juice and indicated that the consumption of sugarcane juice by adults and children posed no significant health risks. This study shows that sugarcane grown on heavy metal-contaminated farmland is safe for consumption. The results of this study revealed an important and positive implication regarding the cultivation of sugarcane on farmland that is polluted by heavy metals and the potential to simultaneously achieve sustainable economic output and potential environmental restoration.

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