scholarly journals On the Hibernating Electronic Waste in Rio de Janeiro Higher Education Community: An Assessment of Population Behavior Analysis and Economic Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9181
Author(s):  
Felipe Seabra D’Almeida ◽  
Roberto Bentes de Carvalho ◽  
Felipe Sombra dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Magalhães de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Copper Gold

Brazil is the second largest producer of electronic waste in the Americas, with a production that grows each year and only 10% of it being treated in its own way. Additionally, given the typical chemical composition of this type of residue, it can be possible to recover valuable metals, such as copper, gold, silver, and platinum. Presently, Brazil does not have an industrial plant devoted to such extractive activity using electronic waste, with most of its treatment carried out abroad. The research hypothesis of this manuscript is that universities and their communities could develop sources of raw materials for such extraction processes and, therefore, deserve attention for the creation of collection points and partnerships. In this context, there is a need to understand this community behavior regarding the acquisition, storage, and disposal of electronic equipment, as well as information about topics related to electronic waste management and recycling. To implement such a study for the higher education community in Rio de Janeiro, a form was created covering several topics on the subject, which was disseminated among the teachers, students, employees, and family members of two main state universities. It was determined that the studied group has more than 16.96 million mobile phones in hibernation, in addition to other equipment, with an estimated stockpile value of USD 67.45 million for the studied group in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. If extrapolated to all of Brazil, this could be as high as USD 797.50 million for the studied group. This information will be used in future projects to assess the economic potential of an industrial plant dedicated to metal recovery in Brazil. However, the present study also identified an important lack of knowledge regarding proper waste disposal and solid waste policies among this well-educated group. It became clear that without appropriate information regarding collection points and knowledge on how to deal with obsolete devices, the access to this source of raw material could be a hinderance to future extraction projects in the area.

scholarly journals WEEE collection and CRM recovery trials: piloting a holistic approach for Scotland

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

<p>Re-Tek UK and its partners, Enscape Consulting and the University of West of Scotland commenced trials for the collection and recovery of critical raw materials from waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) products in July 2016. Sponsored by the EU LIFE funded project ‘Critical Raw Material Closed Loop Recovery’ coordinated by WRAP with EARN, ERP UK Ltd, KTN Ltd and Wuppertal Institute as beneficiaries. The trials are aimed at boosting the recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from household waste electrical and electronic products (WEEE) and Information Communications Technology (ICT) in particular, after functioning equipment is separated out for re-use. The new collection models provided residents with the opportunity to drop-off unwanted electrical and electronic appliances at a time and place that suits them, through a collaborative approach which encourages local authorities, educational establishments, businesses, and Social Enterprises, etc to act as hub sites. Hubs were designed to minimize product damage and encourage drop-off, rather than hoarding. Extraction methods developed after the collection phase of the trial looked at the opportunity to recover cobalt, gold and silver from ICT products, with the potential to inform how a more sustainable supply chain could be developed in Scotland. The elements studied were selected to demonstrate financial opportunity (gold/silver) and a strategic priority material (cobalt) for long term supply. These are based on bioleaching and electrochemical recovery using novel carbon based electrode systems, and chemical processing methods using extraction techniques with an assessment of pilot performance and scale up challenges. Our report is on the state of progress towards practical solutions to WEEE and CRM recovery.</p>

Evaluation of the Industrial Raw Material Used for Ceramic Production in São José de Ubá, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Rafael Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Cretton de Souza ◽  
Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Ceramic Processing ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technological Evaluation ◽  
Required Quality

The northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has a significant participation in the country ceramic production for civil construction owing to the abundance of raw materials, mainly kaolinitic clays. Each municipality in that region has ceramic industries using raw materials mined from its own deposits. Products such as bricks and tiles may lack the required quality due to the limited know-how on the applied raw material. The present work conducted a technological evaluation of the clayey raw material used in the municipality of São José de Ubá including its potential for ceramic processing at firing temperatures of 700, 850 and 950oC. The results indicated that only the ceramic fired at 950oC conforms to the specifications for water absorption and mechanical strength.

scholarly journals Utilization of Electronic Waste for Energy-saving Lamp Circuits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2111 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Zamtinah ◽  
I Mustaqim ◽  
HS Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Used Goods

Abstract Indonesia is one of the largest electronic consumer countries in the world. The negative impact unless the increase in the use of electrical energy, there is also an increase in electronic waste or e-waste. If electronic waste (e-waste) is not managed properly, it will cause its own problems, especially environmental health problems. One alternative to overcome these problems is the use of e-waste as a raw material for a series of Waste-Based Energy Saving Lamps, abbreviated as SLHE BBL. This study aims to develop SLHE BBL prototypes base on electric and electronics waste, and test the performance of SLHE BBL prototypes. The SLHE BBL method developed by research and development adapted from Borg & Gall with the following stages: First, needs analysis and product planning; Second: Initial product development, validation and initial product revision. Third: Product development, testing, product revision. Fourth: Finalization dan Dissemination. The research instrument consisted of an observation sheet, luxmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter, watt meter. The collected data was then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results of the research are as follows: 1) waste that can be recycled into raw materials for SLHE BBL include: resistors, capacitors, LED lights on computer mice or electronic component indicators, used goods casings, adapters, diodes, cables, TV’s control remote; 2) Electrical and mechanical design of SLHE BBL can be assembled into prototype of SLHE BBL; 3) The performance of the SLHE BBL prototype is that the lamp can be adjusted in colour and light intensity; the measured electrical parameters are within the range in accordance with the provisions of electrical standards such as Perasyaratan Umum Instalasi Lstrik (PUIL), International Electrical Commisionin (IEC), or National Electrical Code (NEC)

Perspectives for the Brazilian residual biomass in renewable chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Chemical ◽  
Residual Biomass

AbstractThe need to change non-renewable raw materials by biomass as an oil substitute has been shown to be a strategic challenge for the 21st century. Chemicals have the highest potential to add value to a vegetable biomass chain because of the importance of conventional chemical industry and fine chemical chemistry for different sectors of the economy; these compounds may be used as building blocks, intermediaries of synthesis, and specialties. This article deals with the economic potential of the usage of residual biomass as a raw material in chemistry, with a special interest in residues from bioenergetic chains (biodiesel and ethanol). It focus on showing a scenario related to the perspectives and challenges for the development of a Brazilian renewable chemistry, considering that Brazil is one of the largest global producers of agro-industrial biomass for several purposes, especially for bioenergy.

scholarly journals ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT INDUSTRI KREATIF DI KOTA MATARAM (STUDI TENTANG INDUSTRI KREATIF SEKTOR KERAJINAN DI KOTA MATARAM)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Product Improvement ◽  
The Government

The economic value of a product is not only determined by the raw materials and production process, but it is also determined by creativity and innovation. Creative industry is one of the development concept based on creativity that could potentially increase the economic growth and social welfare. The concept of creative industry itself is creativity-based activities that affect the economy and welfare of the community, where the small industries such as handicrafts is currently widely scattered in various parts of Kota Mataram. The craft center located in Kota Mataram, are cukli, gold / silver, precious stones, weaving, pearl, songket, wood crafts / masks, craft souvenirs and many others. This craft has its own role in the development of the regional economy. The existence of product improvement and creativity that arise in the community makes the creative industries sector in Kota Mataram has an important role in the economic development of the city. The results showed that handicraft producers / entrepreneurs of cukli, gold-pearl, silver, and wood or mask in Kota Mataram has conducted product improvement in various aspects such as  functional aspects, aspects of the form until the production aspects. There are several contributing factors for craft producers / entrepreneurs, namely the existence of venture capital assistance either from the bank, the government, even foreign capital; the availability of raw materials, and skilled labor. While the inhibiting factors include the difficulty to improve the quality if the workforce owned is not appropriate in terms of quality, technological limitations in the production process, and the instability of the economy that affect the purchasing power of producers / entrepreneurs to raw material quality. Keywords: Creative Industries, Craft Sector and Product Improvement

scholarly journals Discoverer of coal deposits in the polar region. To the 125th anniversary of the geologist P.I. Savenko

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
N.N. SHATALOV
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Metallogenic Province ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
125Th Anniversary

The article is dedicated to the discoverer of coal deposits in the Arctic, Ukrainian geologist Panteleimon Ivanovich Savenko in connection with the 125th anniversary of his birth. The main stages of the life of a talented geologist, his achievements in the study of mineral deposits in a number of regions of Ukraine and the Arctic — Dikson Island, Norilsk ore region and other territories are considered. In particular, the fruitful work of the gifted geologist P.I. Savenko contributed to the discovery near the city of Norilsk and in the lower reaches of the river Tunguska several coal deposits. Particularly noted is his contribution to the study of geology, tectonics and material composition of the unique in terms of reserves and quality of raw materials Kayerkansky coal deposit. This giant field was discovered and explored during the war. Its reserves are about one billion tons. The deposit is the part of Norilsk ore region, where numerous deposits of platinum-copper-nickel ores and other minerals have been discovered. In this regard, the Norilsk ore region is considered as a special metallogenic province of ores and coal deposits. It was also noted that the Norilsk ore region is part of the world’s largest Tunguska giant basin, where hard and brown coals are found in the sediments of the Middle and Upper Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Paleogene. It was especially emphasized that the coking coals of the Kayerkanskoye deposit for many years became the basic raw material for the largest Norilsk industrial plant supplying the country with platinum, copper and nickel. The Kayerkanskoye deposit is located near the surface, where thick layers of easily coking coal have been discovered. Coal mining here is mainly carried out in an open way. It is important that coal coke is currently the main process fuel for the metallurgical industry, and the prices for coking coal are very high. The demand for coking coal grades is very stable — the people of the planet need cast iron and steel. In 1990, Zapolyarnaya Gazeta devoted to the geological activities of P.I. Savenko is an essay highlighting his enormous contribution to the expansion of the energy base of one of the largest industrial regions of the USSR, located beyond the Arctic Circle.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

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