scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Thermal Comfort and Indoor Environment of Traditional Historic Stilt House, a Case of Dong Minority Dwelling, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9966
Author(s):  
Yue Jin ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Climate Adaptability ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation

The stilt house is one of the most representative of Chinese architecture among national minority traditional dwellings, most of which are located in mountainous regions whose climate is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. Moreover, it is widely distributed in Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, etc., as well as tropics like Hawaii, Guam. These kinds of dwellings have unique architectural aesthetics as well as high climate adaptability. However, because of their remote locations and rapid disappearance in urbanization, few studies have focused on their real indoor environment and thermal comfort. More studies were engaged in their architectural aesthetics and space patterns. In this study, based on the measurement and evaluation of residential natural lighting, ventilation, air quality, and thermal comfort in traditional stilt Dong village houses, the air temperature, humidity, CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, wind speed, direction, and other variables are monitored and analyzed. Results show that the inhabitants have a higher thermal comfort adaptation than urban residents under natural ventilation. Meanwhile, the humidity of Dong stilt dwelling can reach a satisfactory level within 24 h except for the morning period. The satisfaction of the acoustic environment needs to be improved via reasonable structural maintenance.

scholarly journals BIM and Data-Driven Predictive Analysis of Optimum Thermal Comfort for Indoor Environment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Vincent J.L. Gan ◽  
Han Luo ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
H.L. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort

Mechanical ventilation comprises a significant proportion of the total energy consumed in buildings. Sufficient natural ventilation in buildings is critical in reducing the energy consumption of mechanical ventilation while maintaining a comfortable indoor environment for occupants. In this paper, a new computerized framework based on building information modelling (BIM) and machine learning data-driven models is presented to analyze the optimum thermal comfort for indoor environments with the effect of natural ventilation. BIM provides geometrical and semantic information of the built environment, which are leveraged for setting the computational domain and boundary conditions of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. CFD modelling is conducted to obtain the flow field and temperature distribution, the results of which determine the thermal comfort index in a ventilated environment. BIM–CFD provides spatial data, boundary conditions, indoor environmental parameters, and the thermal comfort index for machine learning to construct robust data-driven models to empower the predictive analysis. In the neural network, the adjacency matrix in the field of graph theory is used to represent the spatial features (such as zone adjacency and connectivity) and incorporate the potential impact of interzonal airflow in thermal comfort analysis. The results of a case study indicate that utilizing natural ventilation can save cooling power consumption, but it may not be sufficient to fulfil all the thermal comfort criteria. The performance of natural ventilation at different seasons should be considered to identify the period when both air conditioning energy use and indoor thermal comfort are achieved. With the proposed new framework, thermal comfort prediction can be examined more efficiently to study different design options, operating scenarios, and changeover strategies between various ventilation modes, such as better spatial HVAC system designs, specific room-based real-time HVAC control, and other potential applications to maximize indoor thermal comfort.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BUKAAN TERHADAP PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI DAN PENGHAWAAN ALAMI PADA MASJID AL AHDHAR BEKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Christy Vidiyanti ◽  
Rodi Siswanto ◽  
Febriansyah Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The building should be able to provide a comfortable space for users to avoid outside unfavorable climate, so that the activities in it can run optimally. The comfort aspect is one of the important factors in special worship in it. Al-Ahdhar Mosque is a mosque designed by architect Nataneka. This mosque has large openings so that natural lighting and natural ventilation can enter the building. However, it needs to be investigated whether this large opening is enough to influence the lighting conditions and conditions of the Al-Ahdhar mosque. This research was also conducted to find out the relationship between natural lighting and natural ventilation produced and to find out the opinions of respondents to the thermal comfort of the Al-Ahdhar mosque. The method used in this study is field measurements and observations which are then processed quantitatively. The results showed that natural lighting at Al-Ahdhar mosque was 180 lux on the 1st and 128th floors of lux on the 2nd floor, which meant that natural lighting in this mosque still did not meet the standards of 200 lux. Thermal conditions at Al-Ahdhar mosque, the lowest temperature of 240C is found in areas that have openings of 34%. While 80% openings produce temperatures that tend to be higher at 29.20C to 29.60C. Larger openings do not necessarily produce good natural lighting and air conditioning conditions. But keep in mind the location of openings, orientation of openings, and types of openings. The bigger the openings will also include large solar radiation as well.Keywords: natural lighting; natural ventilation; thermal conditions; mosqueAbstrak: Bangunan sebaiknya dapat memberi ruang beraktivitas yang nyaman kepada pengguna agar terhindar dari iklim luar yang tidak menguntungkan, sehingga aktivitas di dalamnya dapat berjalan dengan optimal. Aspek kenyamanan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam kekhusukan beribadah di dalamnya. Masjid Al-Ahdhar merupakan masjid yang didesain oleh arsitek Nataneka. Masjid ini memiliki bukaan yang cukup besar sehingga pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami dapat masuk ke dalam bangunan. Namun, perlu diteliti apakah bukaan yang besar ini cukup berpengaruh terhadap kondisi pencahayaan dan kondisi penghawaan pada masjid Al-Ahdhar. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami yang dihasilkan serta mengetahui pendapat responden terhadap kenyamanan termal masjid Al-Ahdhar. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengukuran lapangan dan observasi yang kemudian diolah secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencahayaan alami pada masjid Al-Ahdhar adalah sebesar 180 lux pada lantai 1 dan 128 lux pada lantai 2 yang berarti pencahayaan alami pada masjid ini masih belum memenuhi standar yaitu sebesar 200 lux. Kondisi thermal pada masjid Al-Ahdhar, suhu terendah yaitu sebesar 240C didapatkan pada area yang memiliki bukaan 34%. Sedangkan bukaan 80% menghasilkan suhu udara yang cenderung lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 29,20C sampai 29,60C. Bukaan yang semakin besar belum tentu menghasilkan kondisi pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami yang baik. Namun perlu diperhatikan letak bukaan, orientasi bukaan, dan jenis bukaan. Semakin besar bukaan juga akan memasukkan radiasi matahari yang besar pula.Kata Kunci: pencahayaan alami; penghawaan alami; kondisi termal; masjid

Test and Analysis of Large Space Station Field Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5803-5809
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Gao ◽  
Qun Li Zhang ◽  
De Ying Li ◽  
Yong Zheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Environment Parameters

Field environment parameters of the waiting room of the railway station were measured. By the data obtained by testing, this paper analyzes the indoor field environmental quality of the large space building and evaluates the thermal comfort of activities of the major regional staff. It turned out that the indoor environment barely meets the requirements of thermal comfort, quality of acoustic environment beyond the standards, light environment is perfect and indoor air quality is poor.

URBAN FACADE GEOMETRY ON OUTDOOR COMFORT CONDITIONS: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Elahe Mirabi ◽  
Nasrollahi Nazanin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Outdoor Comfort ◽  
Solar Access

<p>Designing urban facades is considered as a major factor influencing issues<br />such as natural ventilation of buildings and urban areas, radiations in the<br />urban canyon for designing low-energy buildings, cooling demand for<br />buildings in urban area, and thermal comfort in urban streets. However, so<br />far, most studies on urban topics have been focused on flat facades<br />without details of urban layouts. Hence, the effect of urban facades with<br />details such as the balcony and corbelling on thermal comfort conditions<br />and air flow behavior are discussed in this literature review. <strong>Aim</strong>: This<br />study was carried out to investigate the effective factors of urban facades,<br />including the effects of building configuration, geometry and urban<br />canyon’s orientation. <strong>Methodology and Results</strong>: According to the results,<br />the air flow behavior is affected by a wide range of factors such as wind<br />conditions, urban geometry and wind direction. Urban façade geometry<br />can change outdoor air flow pattern, thermal comfort and solar access.<br /><strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study</strong>: In particular, the geometry of<br />the facade, such as indentation and protrusion, has a significant effect on<br />the air flow and thermal behavior in urban facades and can enhance<br />outdoor comfort conditions. Also, Alternation in façade geometry can<br />affect pedestrians' comfort and buildings energy demands.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental Data and Simulations of Performance and Thermal Comfort in a Typical Mediterranean House

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3311
Author(s):  
Víctor Pérez-Andreu ◽  
Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
José-Luis Vivancos ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Dwelling House ◽  
Account Standard

The number of buildings renovated following the introduction of European energy-efficiency policy represents a small number of buildings in Spain. So, the main Spanish building stock needs an urgent energy renovation. Using passive strategies is essential, and thermal characterization and predictive tests of the energy-efficiency improvements achieving acceptable levels of comfort for their users are urgently necessary. This study analyzes the energy performance and thermal comfort of the users in a typical Mediterranean dwelling house. A transient simulation has been used to acquire the scope of Spanish standards for its energy rehabilitation, taking into account standard comfort conditions. The work is based on thermal monitoring of the building and a numerical validated model developed in TRNSYS. Energy demands for different models have been calculated considering different passive constructive measures combined with real wind site conditions and the behavior of users related to natural ventilation. This methodology has given us the necessary information to decide the best solution in relation to energy demand and facility of implementation. The thermal comfort for different models is not directly related to energy demand and has allowed checking when and where the measures need to be done.

scholarly journals Barriers on Establishing Passive Strategies in Office Spaces: A Case Study in a Historic University Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Nuno Baía Baía Saraiva ◽  
Luisa Dias Dias Pereira ◽  
Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar ◽  
José Joaquim da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Free Cooling ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
The University ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The adaptation of spaces to different usage typologies can be complex in heritage buildings. Facilities were initially planned for a specific type of use that, when changed, require additional measures to ensure a suitable indoor environment. Passive strategies—e.g., free cooling—are commonly used as an alternative without requiring equipment installation. However, its implementation often leads to unsatisfactory conditions. Therefore, it is important to clarify the main barriers to achieving thermal comfort in readapted historic buildings. The present work investigates the thermal comfort conditions reported by workers in office spaces of a historic building in the University of Coimbra. A monitoring campaign was carried out between May and September 2020 to assess indoor conditions’ quality. Due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, offices were not occupied at full capacity. A one-day evaluation of thermal comfort was made using a climate analyzer and six occupants were surveyed on 19 August 2020. The main results highlighted discomfort due to overheating of spaces. The causes were related to the combination of inadequate implementation of the free cooling actions and the building use. Furthermore, it was recommended the installation of HVAC systems in case of full capacity.

scholarly journals Indoor Climate Performance in a Renovated School Building

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2827
Author(s):  
Pavla Mocová ◽  
Jitka Mohelníková
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
School Building ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Indoor Comfort

Indoor climate comfort is important for school buildings. Nowadays, this is a topical problem, especially in renovated buildings. Poorly ventilated school classrooms create improper conditions for classrooms. A post-occupancy study was performed in a school building in temperate climatic conditions. The evaluation was based on the results of long-term monitoring of the natural ventilation strategy and measurements of the carbon dioxide concentration in the school classroom’s indoor environment. The monitoring was carried out in an old school building that was constructed in the 1970s and compared to testing carried out in the same school classroom after the building was renovated in 2016. Surprisingly, the renovated classroom had a significantly higher concentration of CO2. It was found that this was due to the regulation of the heating system and the new airtight windows. The occupants of the renovated classroom have a maintained thermal comfort, but natural ventilation is rather neglected. A controlled ventilation strategy and installation of heat recovery units are recommended to solve these problems with the classroom’s indoor environment. Microbiological testing of the surfaces in school classrooms also shows the importance of fresh air and solar radiation access for indoor comfort.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of Single-Story Air-Welled Terraced House in Malaysia: A Field Measurement Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Pau Chung Leng ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Mohd Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Dilshan Remaz Ossen ◽  
Eeydzah Aminudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Ventilation Performance ◽  
Globe Temperature

The provision requirement of 10% openings of the total floor area stated in the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Malaysia is essential for natural lighting and ventilation purposes. However, focusing on natural ventilation, the effectiveness of thermal performance in landed residential buildings has never been empirically measured and proven, as most of the research emphasized simulation modeling lacking sufficient empirical validation. Therefore, this paper drawing on field measurement investigates natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system. The key concern as to what extent the current air-well system serving as a ventilator is effective to provide better thermal performance is to be addressed. By adopting an existing single-story air-welled terrace house, indoor environmental conditions and thermal performance were monitored and measured using HOBO U12 air temperature and humidity, the HOBO U12 anemometer, and the Delta Ohm HD32.3 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature meter for a six-month duration. The results show that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%. The mean air temperature for a test room (single-sided ventilation room) ranged from 28.04 °C to 30.92 °C, with a relative humidity of 70.16% to 76.00%. These empirical findings are of importance, offering novel policy insights and suggestions. Since the minimum provision of 10% openings has been revealed to be less effective to provide desirable thermal performance and comfort, mandatory compliance with and the necessity of the bylaw requirement should be revisited.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort in winter incorporating solar radiation effects at high altitudes and performance of improved passive solar design—Case of Lhasa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjiang Huang ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Passive Solar

AbstractThe solar incidence on an indoor environment and its occupants has significant impacts on indoor thermal comfort. It can bring favorable passive solar heating and can result in undesired overheating (even in winter). This problem becomes more critical for high altitudes with high intensity of solar irradiance, while received limited attention. In this study, we explored the specific overheating and rising thermal discomfort in winter in Lhasa as a typical location of a cold climate at high altitudes. First, we evaluated the thermal comfort incorporating solar radiation effect in winter by field measurements. Subsequently, we investigated local occupant adaptive responses (considering the impact of direct solar irradiance). This was followed by a simulation study of assessment of annual based thermal comfort and the effect on energy-saving potential by current solar adjustment. Finally, we discussed winter shading design for high altitudes for both solar shading and passive solar use at high altitudes, and evaluated thermal mass shading with solar louvers in terms of indoor environment control. The results reveal that considerable indoor overheating occurs during the whole winter season instead of summer in Lhasa, with over two-thirds of daytime beyond the comfort range. Further, various adaptive behaviors are adopted by occupants in response to overheating due to the solar radiation. Moreover, it is found that the energy-saving potential might be overestimated by 1.9 times with current window to wall ratio requirements in local design standards and building codes due to the thermal adaption by drawing curtains. The developed thermal mass shading is efficient in achieving an improved indoor thermal environment by reducing overheating time to an average of 62.2% during the winter and a corresponding increase of comfort time.

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