scholarly journals Novel Approach to Synthesize Nanostructured Gallium Oxide for Devices Operating in Harsh Environmental Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10197
Author(s):  
Badriyah Alhalaili ◽  
Ruxandra Vidu ◽  
Ileana Nicoleta Popescu ◽  
Dhanu Radha Samyamanthula ◽  
M. Saif Islam
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Oxide ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Liquid Gallium ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Silver Thin Film ◽  
Etched Silicon ◽  
Ag Catalyst

The importance of Ga2O3-based material for harsh environmental applications has attracted the interest of researchers in exploring various fabrication and growth techniques of Ga2O3-based nanomaterials using effective and low-cost processes. Herein, a demonstration to improve the wettability of liquid gallium on a rough silicon surface is presented. To control the roughness process, the silicon surface was patterned and groove-shape structures on the silicon were created using a photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching technique. Gallium oxide nanostructures were grown by thermal oxidation from liquid Ga in the presence and the absence of a silver thin film used as a catalyst. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the nanostructures grown on the roughed surface of the silicon substrate. The conformal deposition of Ga2O3 nanostructures inside the grooves of the PEC etched silicon surface was observed. The presence of Ag catalyst was found to completely change the morphology of Ga2O3. This method is recommended for the sustainable and low-cost synthesis of nanostructured gallium oxide for applications, including gas sensing.

scholarly journals Hydrothermally grown 1D ZnO nanostructures for rapid detection of NO2 gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Godse ◽  
A. T. Mane ◽  
Y. H. Navale ◽  
S. T. Navale ◽  
R. N. Mulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Controlled Morphology ◽  
Template Free

AbstractThe present paper reports novel approach of surfactant and template free aqueous hydrothermal growth of 1D ZnO nanostructures, which facilitates the generation of large scale, low cost, and moderate working temperature films with controlled morphology for NO2 gas sensor application. Gas sensing properties of 1D ZnO nanostructures were studied at various temperatures for different reducing and oxidizing gases. As-fabricated by 1D ZnO nanostructures showed the highest sensor response of 11,791% with rapid response time of 9 s and recovery time of 220 s towards 100 ppm NO2. Moreover, for 5 ppm NO2 concentration, sensor showed a significant response of 70% with an response time of 16 s and recovery time of 200 s. The sensor shows good continuous performance in terms of response, response time, and recovery time, indicating that the sensor is highly reproducible and stable as well. This study successfully employed 1D ZnO nanostructures based NO2 sensing within the higher (100 ppm) and lower exposure limit (5 ppm) of NO2 gas.

Study on the Manufacture of Microfluidic Chip with Coated Glass

2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Bai Ling Huang ◽  
Yong Lai Zhang ◽  
Li Gang Niu
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Chip Quality ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Wet Chemical Etching

In this paper, a simple and facile technique for manufacturing glass-based microfluidic chips was developed. Instead of using expensive dry etching technology, the standard UV lithography and wet chemical etching technique was used to fabricate microchannels on a K9 glass substrate. The fabrication process of microfluidic chip including vacuum evaporation, annealing, lithography, and BHF (HF-NH4F-H2O) wet etching were investigated. Through series experiments, we found that anneal was the critical factor for chip quality. As a representative example, a microfluidic channel with 20 m of depth, and 80 m of width was successfully prepared, and the channel surfaces are quite smooth. These results present a simple, low cost, flexible and easy way to fabricate glass-based microfluidic chips.

scholarly journals Novel approach to enhance coastal habitat and biotope mapping with drone aerial imagery analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Gama Monteiro ◽  
Jesús L. Jiménez ◽  
Francesca Gizzi ◽  
Petr Přikryl ◽  
Jonathan S. Lefcheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Coastal Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aerial Platforms ◽  
Rocky Habitats

AbstractUnderstanding the complex factors and mechanisms driving the functioning of coastal ecosystems is vital towards assessing how organisms, ecosystems, and ultimately human populations will cope with the ecological consequences of natural and anthropogenic impacts. Towards this goal, coastal monitoring programs and studies must deliver information on a range of variables and factors, from taxonomic/functional diversity and spatial distribution of habitats, to anthropogenic stress indicators such as land use, fisheries use, and pollution. Effective monitoring programs must therefore integrate observations from different sources and spatial scales to provide a comprehensive view to managers. Here we explore integrating aerial surveys from a low-cost Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) with concurrent underwater surveys to deliver a novel approach to coastal monitoring. We: (i) map depth and substrate of shallow rocky habitats, and; (ii) classify the major biotopes associated with these environmental axes; and (iii) combine data from i and ii to assess the likely distribution of common sessile organismal assemblages over the survey area. Finally, we propose a general workflow that can be adapted to different needs and aerial platforms, which can be used as blueprints for further integration of remote-sensing with in situ surveys to produce spatially-explicit biotope maps.

A Novel Approach With Bayesian Networks to Multi-Robot Task Allocation in Dynamic Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wei Chuang ◽  
Harry H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Robot Task ◽  
Multi Robot

Abstract In the modern world, building an autonomous multi-robot system is essential to coordinate and control robots to help humans because using several low-cost robots becomes more robust and efficient than using one expensive, powerful robot to execute tasks to achieve the overall goal of a mission. One research area, multi-robot task allocation (MRTA), becomes substantial in a multi-robot system. Assigning suitable tasks to suitable robots is crucial in coordination, which may directly influence the result of a mission. In the past few decades, although numerous researchers have addressed various algorithms or approaches to solve MRTA problems in different multi-robot systems, it is still difficult to overcome certain challenges, such as dynamic environments, changeable task information, miscellaneous robot abilities, the dynamic condition of a robot, or uncertainties from sensors or actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle MRTA problems with Bayesian Networks (BNs) under these challenging circumstances. Our experiments exhibit that the proposed approach may effectively solve real problems in a search-and-rescue mission in centralized, decentralized, and distributed multi-robot systems with real, low-cost robots in dynamic environments. In the future, we will demonstrate that our approach is trainable and can be utilized in a large-scale, complicated environment. Researchers might be able to apply our approach to other applications to explore its extensibility.

LED Light Sources in Organic Synthesis: An Entry to A Novel Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Das
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Novel Approach

: In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technology. Compared to other light sources in photochemical reaction, LEDs have advantages in terms of efficiency, power, compatibility, and environmentally-friendly nature. This review highlights the most recent advances in LED-induced photochemical reactions. The effect of white and blue LEDs in reactions such as oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, isomerization, and sensitization is discussed in detail. No other reviews have been published on the importance of white and blue LED sources in the photocatalysis of organic compounds. Considering all the facts, this review is highly significant and timely.

High Shear in Situ Exfoliation of 2D Gallium Oxide Sheets from Centrifugally Derived Thin Films of Liquid Gallium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturi Vimalanathan ◽  
Timotheos Palmer ◽  
Zoe Gardner ◽  
Irene Ling ◽  
Soraya Rahpeima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Oxide ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Liquid Gallium ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Continuous Flow Condition ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reactions ◽  
Insulating Properties ◽  
Microfluidics Platform

Herein, we have explored the use of a microfluidics platform for the exfoliation and oxidation of liquid gallium into ultrathin sheets of gallium oxide under continuous flow condition. The novel method developed here takes advantage of the high mass transfer in liquids and has the potential for creating high yielding thin sheets of oxidised gallium with insulating properties as well as acts as an active catalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions. This highlights the potential utility of the sheets as an alternative to the expensive and scarce noble metal based electrocatalysts

scholarly journals DISMIR: a deep learning-based cancer-detection method by integrating DNA sequence and methylation information of individual cell-free DNA reads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Xianglin Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Haochen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Novel Approach

ABSTRACTDetecting cancer signals in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) high-throughput sequencing data is emerging as a novel non-invasive cancer detection method. Due to the high cost of sequencing, it is crucial to make robust and precise prediction with low-depth cfDNA sequencing data. Here we propose a novel approach named DISMIR, which can provide ultrasensitive and robust cancer detection by integrating DNA sequence and methylation information in plasma cfDNA whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. DISMIR introduces a new feature termed as “switching region” to define cancer-specific differentially methylated regions, which can enrich the cancer-related signal at read-resolution. DISMIR applies a deep learning model to predict the source of every single read based on its DNA sequence and methylation state, and then predicts the risk that the plasma donor is suffering from cancer. DISMIR exhibited high accuracy and robustness on hepatocellular carcinoma detection by plasma cfDNA WGBS data even at ultra-low sequencing depths. Analysis showed that DISMIR tends to be insensitive to alterations of single CpG sites’ methylation states, which suggests DISMIR could resist to technical noise of WGBS. All these results showed DISMIR with the potential to be a precise and robust method for low-cost early cancer detection.

scholarly journals Yttrium Doped TiO2 Thin Film for Gas Sensing Application Prepared by Spin Coating Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abdul Kaiyum ◽  
Naim Ahmed ◽  
Arif Alam ◽  
M Shamimur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spin Coater

Abstract Yttrium (Y) doped and pure Titanium Di-oxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by using spin coater. The coater was set up in laboratory with low cost investment. The films were calcined at 450 °C for 1 hour. For characterization, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were carried out. LCR Bridge - GW Instek LCR-821 was used for gas sensing applications. XPS showed that the change of electronic structure due to Y doping. SEM and AFM analysis were carried out to determine the surface morphology of the films. Yttrium (Y) decreased the crystallite size of the films and increased the surface roughness and porosity value, which was very good for many sensing applications. Gas sensing property of the deposited films were improved by the incorporation of yttrium impurities and the sensing property improved almost two times than pure TiO2 thin film. Different researches have been done their research related to this topic but no one researchers provide a precise explanation of their results, authors of this research have tried to do that. Moreover the films were prepared by a simple spin coater to reduce the production cost also.

scholarly journals Advanced Strategies to Improve Performances of Molybdenum-Based Gas Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angga Hermawan ◽  
Ni Luh Wulan Septiani ◽  
Ardiansyah Taufik ◽  
Brian Yuliarto ◽  
Suyatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molybdenum Oxides ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Made In

AbstractMolybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor applications. Particularly, molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunable structural and physicochemical properties that meet sensor requirements. These materials have good durability, are naturally abundant, low cost, and have facile preparation, allowing scalable fabrication to fulfill the growing demand of susceptible sensor devices. Significant advances have been made in recent decades to design and fabricate various molybdenum oxides- and dichalcogenides-based sensing materials, though it is still challenging to achieve high performances. Therefore, many experimental and theoretical investigations have been devoted to exploring suitable approaches which can significantly enhance their gas sensing properties. This review comprehensively examines recent advanced strategies to improve the nanostructured molybdenum-based material performance for detecting harmful pollutants, dangerous gases, or even exhaled breath monitoring. The summary and future challenges to advance their gas sensing performances will also be presented.

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