scholarly journals Coastal Cities Seen from Loyalty and Their Tourist Motivations: A Study in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11575
Author(s):  
Mauricio Carvache-Franco ◽  
Aldo Alvarez-Risco ◽  
Wilmer Carvache-Franco ◽  
Orly Carvache-Franco ◽  
Alfredo Estrada-Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The objective of this empirical study is to determine: (a) the underlying variables of the travel motivations related to a coastal city; and (b) the motivational dimensions that predict return, recommendation, and saying positive things about a coastal city as loyalty variables. This project utilized an in situ investigation carried out in Lima, a coastal city located on the Pacific Ocean near Peru with important natural and cultural attractions. The researchers used 381 questionnaires that were analyzed through factor analysis, in addition to the stepwise multiple regression method. Reesults identified six underlying variables or motivational factors: “culture and nature”, “authentic coastal experience”, “novelty and social interaction”, “learning”, “sun and beach”, and “nightlife”. Regarding loyalty, the “novelty and social interaction” dimension is the most important predictor of return and the “authentic coastal experience” dimension is the most important predictor of recommending and saying positive things about a coastal city. To motivate a return, events could be created on the beach to motivate novelty, as well as increase recommendations and the amount of positive things said about the destination; educational and sports activities and workshops could also be created with the community and the coastal environment. Results can be used by firms for preparing information for new customers in order to increase trip intention and improve guides for destination marketing organizations (DMOs).

scholarly journals Marine Planktonic Archaea Take Up Amino Acids

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4829-4833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber C. Ouverney ◽  
Jed A. Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Archaeal Communities

ABSTRACT Archaea are traditionally thought of as “extremophiles,” but recent studies have shown that marine planktonic Archaea make up a surprisingly large percentage of ocean midwater microbial communities, up to 60% of the total prokaryotes. However, the basic physiology and contribution of Archaea to community microbial activity remain unknown. We have studied Archaea from 200-m depths of the northwest Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean near California, measuring the archaeal activity under simulated natural conditions (8 to 17°C, dark and anaerobic) by means of a method called substrate tracking autoradiography fluorescence in situ hybridization (STARFISH) that simultaneously detects specific cell types by 16S rRNA probe binding and activity by microautoradiography. In the 200-m-deep Mediterranean and Pacific samples, cells binding the archaeal probes made up about 43 and 14% of the total countable cells, respectively. Our results showed that the Archaea are active in the uptake of dissolved amino acids from natural concentrations (nanomolar) with about 60% of the individuals in the archaeal communities showing measurable uptake. Bacteria showed a similar proportion of active cells. We concluded that a portion of these Archaea is heterotrophic and also appears to coexist successfully with Bacteria in the same water.

scholarly journals Impact of Data Assimilation on ECCO2 Equatorial Undercurrent and North Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Halpern ◽  
Dimitris Menemenlis ◽  
Xiaochun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Equatorial Undercurrent ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of data assimilation on the transports of eastward-flowing Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the Pacific Ocean from 145°E to 95°W during 2004–05 and 2009–11 was assessed. Two Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2), solutions were analyzed: one with data assimilation and one without. Assimilated data included satellite observations of sea surface temperature and ocean surface topography, in which the sampling patterns were approximately uniform over the 5 years, and in situ measurements of subsurface salinity and temperature profiles, in which the sampling patterns varied considerably in space and time throughout the 5 years. Velocity measurements were not assimilated. The impact of data assimilation was considered significant when the difference between the transports computed with and without data assimilation was greater than 5.5 × 106 m3 s−1 (or 5.5 Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) for the EUC and greater than 5.0 Sv for the NECC. In addition, the difference of annual-mean transports computed from 3-day-averaged data was statistically significant at the 95% level. The impact of data assimilation ranged from no impact to very substantial impact when data assimilation increased the EUC transport and decreased the NECC transport. The study’s EUC results had some correspondence with other studies and no simple agreement or disagreement pattern emerged among all studies of the impact of data assimilation. No comparable study of the impact of data assimilation on the NECC has been made.

The rare deep-living hyperiid amphipod Megalanceoloides remipes (Barnard, 1932): complementary description and symbiosis

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4178 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECA GASCA ◽  
STEVEN H.D. HADDOCK
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
In Situ Observations

A female ovigerous specimen of the rare deep-living hyperiid Megalanceoloides remipes (Barnard, 1932) was collected with a remotely operated submersible (ROV) at a depth of 2,094 m in the Farallon Basin, Gulf of California. The specimen was found to be symbiotically associated with the siphonophore Apolemia sp. Eschscholtz, 1829. Hitherto, this species was known only from two other specimens, one from the South Atlantic and another from the Indian Ocean; the present record is the first from the Pacific Ocean. Previous descriptions lacked morphological details of different appendages; these data are provided here. In addition, we present the first data on its symbiotic association from in situ observations. The colors of the hyperiid and of some parts of the Apolemid were very similar, thus supporting the notion that some hyperiids tend to mimic the color of its host. 

scholarly journals In situ observations of trophic behaviour and locomotion of Princaxelia amphipods (Crustacea: Pardaliscidae) at hadal depths in four West Pacific Trenches

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Jamieson ◽  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
Toyonobu Fujii ◽  
Imants G. Priede
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Japan Trench ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Made In

The genus Princaxelia, Pardaliscidae, is a rarely recorded, infrequently collected and hitherto observed benthic amphipod, typically found at hadal depths (>6000 m) in the Pacific Ocean trenches. Little is known about the behaviour or physiology of this genus. Using a baited camera lander, observations of Princaxelia jamiesoni were made in the Japan Trench (7703 m) and Izu–Ogasawara Trench (9316 m) and of Princaxelia aff. abyssalis in the Kermadec Trench (7966 m) and Tonga Trench (8798 m). These amphipods rapidly intercepted the bait and preyed upon smaller lysianassoid amphipods. Mean absolute swimming speeds for P. jamiesoni and P. aff. abyssalis were 4.16 cm.s−1 ± 1.8 SD and 4.02 cm.s−1 ± 0.87 SD respectively. These amphipods have the capacity for long range swimming, high manoeuvrability in close range, and efficient predatory behaviour. Burst swimming speeds for P. aff. abyssalis were 9 and 10 cm.s−1 with accelerations up to 22–25 cm.s−2.

scholarly journals Undersea landslides: extent and significance in the Pacific Ocean, an update

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Sediment Waves ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Multibeam Mapping

Abstract. Submarine landslides are known to occur disproportionately in a limited number of environments including fjords, deltas, canyons, volcanic islands and the open continental slope. An evaluation of the progress that has been made in understanding Pacific Ocean submarine landslides over the last 15years shows that mapping technologies have improved greatly, allowing a better interpretation of landslide features. Some features previously identified as landslides are being reinterpreted by some as sediment waves. Previously underappreciated environments for landslides such as deep-sea trenches are being recognized and lava deltas are being found to be landslide prone. Landslides are also being recognized much more commonly as a potential source of tsunamis. Landslides that have produced tsunamis in the past are being mapped and in some cases modeled. The flow characteristics of turbidity currents produced by landslides in canyon heads have recently been monitored and the source of these failures has been identified using repeated multibeam mapping. Finally, some landslide deposits are being dated as part of assessing risk to coastal cities from landslide-tsunamis.

scholarly journals First insights on Lake General Carrera/Buenos Aires/Chelenko water balance

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zambrano ◽  
R. Abarca del Rio ◽  
J.-F. Cretaux ◽  
B. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tectonic Origin

Abstract. Lago General Carrera (Chile) also called Lago Buenos Aires (Argentina) or originally Chelenko by the native habitants of the region is located in Patagonia on the Chilean-Argentinean border. It is the largest lake in Chile with a surface area of 1850 km2. The lake is of glacial/tectonic origin and surrounded by the Andes mountain range. The lake drains primarily to the Pacific Ocean to the west, through the Baker River (one of Chile's largest rivers), and intermittently eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. We report ongoing results from an investigation of the seasonal hydrological cycle of the lake basin. The contribution by river input through snowmelt from the Andes is of primary importance, though the lack of water input by ungaged rivers is also critical. We present the main variables involved in the water balance of Lake General Carrera/Buenos Aires/Chelenko, such as influent and effluent river flows, precipitation, and evaporation, all this based mostly in in-situ information.

scholarly journals Retrieval of eddy dissipation rate from derived equivalent vertical gust included in Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1373-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hye-Yeong Chun ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Robert D. Sharman ◽  
Matt Strahan
Keyword(s):  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Turbulence Data ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Upper Level

Abstract. Some of the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data include a turbulence metric of the derived equivalent vertical gust (DEVG), in addition to wind and temperature. As the cube root of the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) is the International Civil Aviation Organization standard turbulence reporting metric, we attempt to retrieve the EDR from the DEVG for more reliable and consistent observations of aviation turbulence globally. Using the DEVG in the AMDAR data archived from October 2015 to September 2018 covering a large portion of the Southern Hemisphere and North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans, we convert the DEVG to the EDR using two methods, after conducting quality control procedures to remove suspicious turbulence reports in the DEVG. The first method remaps the DEVG to the EDR using a lognormal mapping scheme, while the second one uses the best-fit curve between the EDR and DEVG developed in a previous study. The DEVG-derived EDRs obtained from the two methods are evaluated against in situ EDR data reported by US-operated carriers. For two specified regions of the Pacific Ocean and Europe, where both the DEVG-derived EDRs and in situ EDRs were available, the DEVG-derived EDRs obtained by the two methods were generally consistent with in situ EDRs, with slightly better statistics obtained by the first method than the second one. This result is encouraging for extending the aviation turbulence data globally with the single preferred EDR metric, which will contribute to the improvement of global aviation turbulence forecasting as well as to the construction of the climatology of upper-level turbulence.

scholarly journals In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-1-91-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Feely ◽  
C. L. Sabine ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
F. J. Millero ◽  
M. F. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Carbonate Dissolution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Dissolution

scholarly journals Liparid and macrourid fishes of the hadal zone: in situ observations of activity and feeding behaviour

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1659) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J Jamieson ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
M Solan ◽  
A.K Matsumoto ◽  
P.M Bagley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Japan Trench ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tail Beat ◽  
Hadal Zone

Using baited camera landers, the first images of living fishes were recorded in the hadal zone (6000–11 000 m) in the Pacific Ocean. The widespread abyssal macrourid Coryphaenoides yaquinae was observed at a new depth record of approximately 7000 m in the Japan Trench. Two endemic species of liparid were observed at similar depths: Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis in the Japan Trench and Notoliparis kermadecensis in the Kermadec Trench. From these observations, we have documented swimming and feeding behaviour of these species and derived the first estimates of hadal fish abundance. The liparids intercepted bait within 100–200 min but were observed to preferentially feed on scavenging amphipods. Notoliparis kermadecensis act as top predators in the hadal food web, exhibiting up to nine suction-feeding events per minute. Both species showed distinctive swimming gaits: P. amblystomopsis (mean length 22.5 cm) displayed a mean tail-beat frequency of 0.47 Hz and mean caudal : pectoral frequency ratio of 0.76, whereas N. kermadecensis (mean length 31.5 cm) displayed respective values of 1.04 and 2.08 Hz. Despite living at extreme depths, these endemic liparids exhibit similar activity levels compared with shallow-water liparids.

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