scholarly journals Biosphere Reserves in Lebanon: Rifts between Conservation Discourse and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12411
Author(s):  
Sarah Karam ◽  
Giuliano Martiniello ◽  
Ali Chalak ◽  
Mounir Abi-Said ◽  
Shadi Kamal Hamadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
The Impact

Protected areas (PA), especially biosphere reserves (BR), are considered effective instruments for nature conservation and rural development. However, their impact on rural communities constitutes the most controversial debate in conservation policy and practice. This study aims to reveal the perceptions of local communities towards conservation, the extent of the inclusion of local communities in the establishment and management of a BR and the impact of BRs on local livelihoods by exploring a case study while reflecting on major debates in the conservation and rural development paradigms. Mixed research methods focusing on qualitative methodology are used. By exploring a BR in Lebanon, this research highlights how the allocation and management of the BRs have not always reflected participatory, sustainable and community-based approaches. This study stresses the importance of the locals’ engagement in the whole conservation process. By putting people, their needs and perceptions at the center of decision-making, conservation agencies would shift the main objective of BRs from conservation to poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya Muhammad Ridwan Eka Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

<p><em>Poverty often occurs in rural areas rather than urban areas, low education which results in low quality of human resources and lack of access is often the cause of rural poverty. In addition, most of the economies of rural communities rely solely on the traditional agricultural sector. Various poverty reduction policies have been implemented, including village fund policies. This study aims to examine the management of village funds in the Balong sub-district of Madiun Regency with a case study in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo villages covering the management of village funds in Tatung village and Karangmojo village. Balong Subdistrict and the impact of empowerment in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo, Balong District. This research was conducted in Balong Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency with a Case study in Tatung Village and Karangmojo Village with qualitative methods. In the village of Tatung village funds are managed as tourist villages with a focus on Paragliding tourist rides. Whereas in Karangmojo village it is used for Bumdes in the form of Lovebird birds, providing Gapoktan assistance, and infrastructure development.</em></p>

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Romania. The impact of the 2007-2013 EU funding programmes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Cornelia Dan ◽  
Claudia Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper contributes to the research on entrepreneurship in rural areas by focusing on the absorption and investment plans developed with European Funds and implemented in Romania in 2007-2013 for rural development. Entrepreneurship in the European Union is seen as the solution for creating and increasing jobs number, developing new business models, and is related very often with creativity and innovation. Moreover, entrepreneurship is directly linked to the economic performance of regions (Audretsch, D.B., Keilbach, M., 2005), poverty reduction and contributes to the economic advancement of rural communities. The focus on rural areas is given by the fact that almost half of the Romanian population lives in villages or communes (around 45%), and the main income source comes from agriculture. In the same time, there is an important potential for entrepreneurial projects because rural areas are high underdeveloped, there is a lack of services in major fields as education, social services, entertainment etc. Also, we find a high potential in tourism, especially in ecological, adventure or agro-tourism. We develop a theoretical framework to discuss the potential impact of EU Funds on rural development, the access to public funds for rural population, their readiness for business ownership, the most accessible fields for starting a business and regional variables. Our study is based on public data and official reports on the European Funds received by Romania in the budgetary period of 2007-2013 and other market data that round the entrepreneurship frame in rural areas. We analyze the number of start-ups financed by European funds, type and size of enterprises, number of jobs and reasons for contract cancellation. We find that regions with a reach cultural heritage and closer to the Western border have registered more applications and are more interested in self-employment, but also that given the administrative barriers many entrepreneurs decided to cancel the contracts.

scholarly journals Rural-Spatial Restructuring Promoted by Land-Use Transitions: A Case Study of Zhulin Town in Central China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Jiajun Qiao ◽  
Qiankun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Impact

Rural-spatial restructuring involves the spatial mapping of the current rural development process. The transformation of land-use morphologies, directly or indirectly, affects the practice of rural restructuring. Analyzing this process in terms of the dominant morphology and recessive morphology is helpful for better grasping the overall picture of rural-spatial restructuring. Accordingly, this paper took Zhulin Town in Central China as a case study area. We propose a method for studying rural-spatial restructuring based on changes in the dominant and recessive morphologies of land use. This process was realized by analyzing the distribution and functional suitability of ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces based on land-use types, data on land-use changes obtained over a 30-year observation period, and in-depth research. We found that examining rural-spatial restructuring by matching the distribution of EPL spaces with their functional suitability can help to avoid the misjudgment of the restructuring mode caused by the consideration of the distribution and structural changes in quantity, facilitating greater understanding of the process of rural-spatial restructuring. Although the distribution and quantitative structure of Zhulin’s EPL spaces have changed to differing degrees, ecological- and agricultural-production spaces still predominate, and their functional suitability has gradually increased. The spatial distribution and functional suitability of Zhulin are generally well matched, with 62.5% of the matched types being high-quality growth, and the positive effect of Zhulin’s spatial restructuring over the past 30 years has been significant. We found that combining changes in EPL spatial area and quantity as well as changes in functional suitability is helpful in better understanding the impact of the national macro-policy shift regarding rural development. Sustaining the positive spatial restructuring of rural space requires the timely adjustment of local actors in accordance with the needs of macroeconomic and social development, and a good rural-governance model is essential.

The impact of wildlife-related benefits on the conservation attitudes of local people around the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH GILLINGHAM ◽  
PHYLLIS C. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Conservation Attitudes ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The Impact

In recent years there has been a proliferation of projects aiming to integrate human development needs with conservation objectives, and to establish mutually beneficial relationships for the management of natural resources between rural communities and the state. This paper presents data from a case study of human-wildlife interactions in villages along the northern boundary of the Selous Game Reserve in south-east Tanzania. Since 1989, this area has been the site of a project working to promote community wildlife management (CWM). Questionnaire survey data were used to examine villagers' conservation attitudes towards wildlife, the Game Reserve, and the activities of the CWM project and state wildlife management authority. Despite local support for the conservation of wildlife, many respondents were either unaware or held negative views of the activities of the wildlife management institutions. Logistic regression analyses show that while access to game meat from the CWM project has had a positive influence on perceptions of wildlife benefits and awareness of the project's activities, it has had no significant effect on local perceptions of the Game Reserve and the activities of the state wildlife management authority. The factors underlying the observed pattern of conservation attitudes were identified as the inequitable distribution of benefits from the CWM project, and the limited nature of community participation in wildlife management. The importance of institutional issues for the future progress of participatory approaches to conservation with development is emphasized.

scholarly journals Community Awareness and Involvement Towards Ecotourism Activities in Ranau, Sabah

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
The Impact

The question of whether the impact of having rural communities nearby an ecotourism area being positive or negative is one of the important issues in Ranau. Cooperation between villagers and park operator on the growth of tourists’ arrival is crucial and must be addressed. The aim of this study is to identify the local communities’ perception at Kampung Poring and Kampung Monggis, Ranau by mean if the ecotourism activities can uplift their economic, social, physical and general impression that they experienced. In addition, the involvements of local communities in ecotourism activities in their villages were also studied. A survey and face to face interview were carried out on a sample of 146 villagers from both study areas. Data analysis using frequency, mean scores and Pearson Correlation (2-sided) was conducted. From the result, positive perception has been perceived by the villagers as a result of the improvement of ecotourism activities such as increase in employment opportunities, infrastructure facilities have been upgraded, additional revenue sources for state governments and villagers as well as increase in Small and Medium Industries (SMIs). However, the perception and level of involvement of both villages is still at the moderate level, where many other issues still need to be improved in the future such as communication skills and accommodations. In conclusion, this matter should not be taken lightly so as not to occur dissatisfaction among villagers. Therefore, the park management party should be sensitive to this situation in order to maintain the welfare of the villagers and at the same time giving satisfaction to the tourists who enjoy ecotourism activities there.

Reducing Digital Divide

2010 ◽  
pp. 212-247
Author(s):  
Anand Chand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
People First ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the role of People First Network (PFnet) services in enhancing information and communication and contributing to sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. More specifically, it examines two main issues. First, it examines the uptake and appropriation of PFnet services by rural Solomon Islanders. Second, it examines the impact of PFnet services on sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. This chapter is based on a empirical research conducted in Solomon Islands between January-May 2004. The chapter is organised as follows: Section one provides an overview of PFnet Project. Section two states the main aims of the study. Section three outlines the methodology used for the research. The Section four reports the main research findings. Section five discusses some problems and finally section six provides the conclusion.

scholarly journals The Indigenisation Policy and Economic Emancipation in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of the Zimunya-Marange Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Zvavahera Promise ◽  
Chigora Farai ◽  
Tandi Roselyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

This study sought to evaluate the impact of the Indigenisation Policy on the socio-economic emancipation of rural communities in Zimbabwe. A case study approach was taken focusing on the Marange and Zimunya communities in Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe, where diamonds are being mined. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were applied to get a balanced view from these two communities on their socio-economic improvement because of the mining of diamonds, which are a valuable natural resource found in these two communities. Purposive sampling was applied to come up with the sample of senior politicians and traditional leaders. Two Focus groups were formed in the two communities. The study established that the five diamond mining companies doing business in the two communities had failed to honour their pledges of contributing USD10 million each towards the development of the two communities. Only USD400 000 was contributed by two mining companies at the time of the study. Ninety five percent (95%) of the respondents reported that there were no projects that were being implemented to benefit the local communities. It was therefore, concluded that there was limited socio-economic empowerment of the Marange-Zimunya communities by the diamond mining companies. The study recommended the intervention by the Government in order for these mining companies to honour their pledges by coming up with empowerment projects and also by allowing the two communities to have shares in these companies so that they could be economically empowered.

Wells, Land, and History

2015 ◽  
pp. 322-344
Author(s):  
Karl-Johan Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communal Area

Historical ecology has resulted in an increased engagement by archaeologists in present-day discussions concerned with environmental change, local livelihoods, and sustainable rural development. This chapter discusses the pastoral land-use history of the Eastern Communal Area in north-eastern Namibia, southern Africa, and argues that the lack of a detailed historical analysis of the current land organization has resulted in a rather static image of people and land-use in this area. This in turn has fed into current rural development efforts, which seem to reinforce a colonial heritage. Hence, the main objective of the case study is to situate current discussions concerning rural development and conservation efforts in eastern Namibia in a historically rooted landscape. The chapter exemplifies how archaeology in combination with a landscape approach can contribute to a better understanding of the processes that have shaped the present setting of rural development efforts.

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