scholarly journals Road Weather Monitoring System Shows High Cost-Effectiveness in Mitigating Malfunction Losses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12437
Author(s):  
Jingyan Wu ◽  
Saini Yang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Xihui Yin
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Environmental Shocks ◽  
Building Policy ◽  
Weather Service

Understanding the environmental impacts of road networks and the success of policy initiatives is crucial to a country’s socioeconomic development. In this study, we propose a comprehensive approach to quantitatively assessing whether a given response is effective in mitigating the impacts of environmental shocks on roads. Our approach includes factor analysis, direct and indirect loss quantification, and cost-benefit analysis. Using nationwide data on road malfunctions and weather service performance in China, we found that the macro-level indirect economic losses from road malfunctions were more than the direct losses in multiples ranging from 11 to 21, and that information provided by the weather service could reduce losses, with benefits exceeding costs by a ratio of 51. The results of our study provide a quantitative tool as well as evidence of the effectiveness of sustainability investment, which should provide guidance for future disaster mitigation, infrastructure system resilience, and sustainability-building policy-making.

scholarly journals Estimating the Production Losses Due to Cystic Echinococcosis in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
savaş sarıözkan ◽  
Mehmet Küçükoflaz
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE), is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease among livestock diseases, that causes low productivity (meat, milk, fecundity), profitability and significant economic losses in water buffalo farms and serious public health problem all over the world. This study aimed at estimating the direct (condemned offal) and indirect (meat, milk, and fecundity losses) production losses due to cystic echinococcosis (CE) in water buffaloes in Turkey. A spreadsheet loss model was constructed, and the mean prevalence rate of CE was accepted as 16.4% (3.8% in males and 21.7% in females) in water buffaloes in Turkey. The annual financial losses were estimated with official and previously published data under expected (mean value), optimistic (lowered by 10%), and pessimistic (increased by 10%) scenarios with the prices current in 2020. The production losses in an infected male and female water buffalo were estimated at $54.3 and 105.3, respectively. The nation-wide losses due to CE were estimated at $1.7 million (1.4-2.1) for water buffaloes annually. In conclusion, farmers, policymakers, and the public need to be informed about the risks and financial impact of CE, and control/eradication programs should be included in policies of government at the national level after a cost/benefit analysis.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Disaster Mitigation Infrastructure: The Case of Seawalls in Otsuchi, Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kimberly Burnett ◽  
◽  
Christopher Wada ◽  
Aiko Endo ◽  
Makoto Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Benefit Analysis

Response: The Use of Economic Analysis in Public Policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Wiewel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
The University ◽  
Environment Cost

Morales and colleagues deserve credit for extending traditional economic analysis by using anthropological field data and applying midlevel economic tools to policy analysis. However, their analysis is problematic because it exaggerates how many benefits would be lost if the Maxwell Street Market were moved, ignores the costs imposed by the market, and does not consider the economic benefits of the university's proposed land use. Even very moderate success of the university's plans will more than compensate for the economic losses caused by the market's move. It was politically impossible for the university to implement its expansion plans while maintaining the market. Such difficult choices inevitably arise in a complex urban environment. Cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool, but provides only some of the information that enters into the decision-making process. Thus analysts must be modest in the claims they make for the policy relevance of their data.

scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of Economic Losses in Manufacturing Industry in Shanghai Metropolitan Area Under an Extreme Storm Flood Scenario

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijiang Li ◽  
Jiahong Wen ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Xiande Li ◽  
Shiqiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Extreme Storm

In this paper, we developed an integrated methodology for assessing asset damage, production capacity loss, and inter-sector ripple loss using the depth-damage curve, Cobb-Douglas production function and Input-Output model. We applied this methodology to the detailed individual manufacturing firms in Shanghai under an extreme storm floods scenario to simulate the disaster impact propagation from local individual firms to the entire industrial system and comprehensively estimate the resulting economic losses and their spatial distribution. Our results show that given no floodwall protection, a 1000-year storm flood scenario would cause direct asset damage of US $21 billion to the Shanghai manufacturing industry, including fixed asset damage of US $12 billion and inventory damage of US $9 billion. Due to the shortage of input productive factors of asset and labor, it would further lead to production capacity loss of US $24 billion. In addition, affected manufacturing industry would indirectly result in ripple loss of US $60 billion among dependent sectors, which has a significant amplifier effect. Our results have important implications for reasonable cost-benefit analysis of structural flood control measures in coastal areas, as well as for manufacturing firm location planning and resilience strategy decision-making.

Long-term effects of sulphur dioxide on crops: an analysis of dose-response relations

1984 ◽  
Vol 305 (1124) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Chamber Studies

Research into the effects of long-term SO 2 exposures on crop growth in the absence of visible foliar injury has progressed to a point where the data are being examined for ( a ) threshold concentrations that avoid dam age and ( b ) dose-response relations that assist cost-benefit analysis of emission control. The data from 125 exposures of 21 crops to constant concentrations of SO 2 alone in chambers have been analysed with a view to identifying threshold values and dose-response relations. The most appropriate functional form for the dose-response relation was a linear regression between SO 2 concentration and percentage yield loss. The correlation was not improved by a number of transformations of either variable, nor by normalizing for duration of exposure. Exclusion of the studies with chambers using low airflows did not significantly alter the regression equations, but did result in a substantial improvement in the correlation between SO 2 and yield loss. This analysis confirms that there is considerable variability in response between species and both between and within different exposure chambers. Reasons for the differences between chambers are discussed with reference to recent information on the effect of restricted SO 2 a flux, growth rate, plant age and other stresses on responses to long-term SO 2 exposures. Recent research has focused on the interactions between SO 2 exposure and other stresses particularly pests and diseases, frost injury, wind, frequent cutting, nutrient deficiency and possibly drought. The effects of long-term exposures to SO 2 in outdoor chambers were greatest over w inter when the metabolic capacity to de-toxify SO 2 absorbed during periods of slow growth was limited by low temperatures and low irradiance. The lower sensitivity of crops to SO 2 a under optimal conditions of indoor chambers may also be because of the reduced intensity of other stresses. Dose-response relations used in recent cost-benefit analysis of sulphur oxide emission control in Europe predict much greater economic losses than the regression equations developed in this paper. However, the relevance of dose-response relations developed from chamber studies with constant levels of SO 2 a alone will also depend upon (a) the effects of fluctuating concentrations in the field and (b) the effects of pollutant mixtures rather than SO 2 alone. It should soon be possible to develop improved dose-response relations solely from studies carried out in outdoor chambers over the complete annual cropping cycle. M any of the problems inherent in chamber studies on cereals in particular, will be avoided by the recent developments in field fumigation systems.

scholarly journals Water Supply Delivery Failures—A Scenario-Based Approach to Assess Economic Losses and Risk Reduction Options

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sjöstrand ◽  
Andreas Lindhe ◽  
Tore Söderqvist ◽  
Lars Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Scarce

Access to a reliable water supply is central for a well-functioning society. However, water supply systems are subject to a wide range of threats which may affect their ability to provide water to society. This paper presents a novel risk assessment approach that enables thorough analyses of economic losses and associated uncertainties under a range of water supply disruption scenarios. The purpose is to avoid sub-optimization when prioritizing between risk reduction measures, by integrating the full range of possible outcomes from low to high probability events. By combining risk analysis with cost-benefit analysis, additional information is provided on measures for leveraging investments in managing and reducing the risks. This enables the identification of the most economically profitable risk reduction alternatives and enables decision makers to build strategic capacity for operating in difficult and uncertain futures. The presented approach is exemplified on the island of Gotland, one of the most water scarce areas of Sweden.

scholarly journals A multicriteria-based location of an industrial park in a defined area in Ipatinga, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Henrique de Faria Pereira ◽  
Maria Lúcia Calijuri ◽  
Sheila Cristina Martins Pereira ◽  
Nolan Ribeiro Bezerra ◽  
Maria de Nazaré Costa de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Suitable Area

This paper aims to identify an area of over 5 ha for setting up an industrial park in Ipatinga microregion in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Ipatinga is both nationally and internationally regarded as a model city in terms of development because of Usiminas Company, which is one of the greatest metallurgic industrial powers of Minas Gerais State. Setting up an industrial park in this framework is essential to attract potential investors, to foster purchase of products manufactured by Usiminas, and thus to promote fiscal incentives to the municipality, which may contribute to Ipatinga socioeconomic development. A multicriteria analysis was carried out, applying fuzzy logic (IDRISE software), ArcGis and images available from Google Earth and made a mosaic. Areas suitable for the industrial park implantation and the most suitable area were found by means of a cost-benefit analysis. Since hiring qualified labor after setting the park up would eventually implicate migration of several people from other regions, a dwelling study was also carry out. The results indicate that multicriteria analysis is an important tool for decision-making throughout the process of assessing and selecting areas to set up striking enterprises.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Disaster Management Investment Effectiveness in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Young Heo ◽  
Won-Ho Heo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short And Long Term

Governments have been investing in extensive operations to minimize economic losses and casualties from natural disasters such as floods and storms. A suitable verification process is required to guarantee maximum effectiveness and efficiency of investments while ensuring sustained funding. Active investment can be expected by verifying the effectiveness of disaster prevention spending. However, the results of the budget invested in disaster-safety-related projects are not immediate but evident only over a period of time. Additionally, their effects should be verified in terms of the state or society overall, not from an individualistic perspective because of the nature of public projects. In this study, an economic analysis of the short- and long-term effects of investment in a disaster-safety-related project was performed and the effects of damage reduction before and after project implementation were analyzed to evaluate the short-term effects and a cost–benefit analysis was conducted to assess the long-term effects. The results show that disaster prevention projects reduce damages over both the short and long term. Therefore, investing in preventive projects to cope with disasters effectively is important to maximize the return on investment. This analysis can be used for developing effective disaster prevention projects.

scholarly journals Estimating the abortion risk difference in Neospora caninum seropositive dairy cattle in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1629-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Romero Nicolino ◽  
Renato Oliveira Capanema ◽  
Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira ◽  
Misael Enrique Oviedo Pastrana ◽  
Luciano Bastos Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Cattle Herds

<p>Neosporosis in cattle herds is associated with large economic losses, with abortion being the only clinical sign perceptible to the producer. Losses are estimated at over one billion dollars worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the abortion risk difference in seropositive animals using specific data for dairy herds in Brazil. Differences in the risk of abortion between seropositive and seronegative animals were calculated through a meta-analysis of previous data from several Brazilian states, and an increase of 10.04% (0.091 to 0.118) in the specific risk was identified. This finding indicates that more than 474,000 abortions caused by neosporosis may be occurring only in dairy cattle herds in Brazil, causing a major economic loss in the milk production chain. The use of this specific measure for Brazilian herds opens the possibility of developing cost-benefit analysis for neosporosis in Brazil using data that are more reliable</p>

scholarly journals A Strategic Framework for Natural Disaster-Induced Cost Risk Analysis and Mitigation: A Two-Stage Approach Using Deep Learning and Cost-Benefit Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Myong Kim ◽  
Sang-Guk Yum ◽  
Hyunsoung Park ◽  
Junseo Bae
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Benefit Analysis

Abstract. Due to gradual increases in the frequency and severity of natural disasters, risks to human life and property from natural disasters are exploding. To reduce these risks, various risk mitigation activities have been widely conducted. Risk mitigation activities are becoming more and more important for economic analysis of risk mitigation effects due to limited public budget and the need for economic development. To respond to this urgent need, this study aims to develop a strategic evaluation framework for natural disaster risk mitigation strategies. The proposed framework predicts natural disaster losses using a deep learning algorithm (stage I) and introduces a new methodology that quantifies the effect of natural disaster reduction projects adopting cost-benefit analysis (stage II). To achieve the main objectives of this study, data of insured loss amounts due to natural disasters associated with the identified risk indicators were collected and trained to develop the deep learning model. The robustness of the developed model was then scientifically validated. To demonstrate the proposed quantification methodology, reservoir maintenance projects affected by floods in South Korea were adopted. The results and main findings of this study can be used as valuable guidelines to establish natural disaster mitigation strategies. This study will help practitioners quantify the loss from natural disasters and thus evaluate the effectiveness of risk reduction projects. This study will also assist decision-makers to improve the effectiveness of risk mitigation activities.

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