scholarly journals A Spatiotemporal Study and Location-Specific Trip Pattern Categorization of Shared E-Scooter Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12527
Author(s):  
Maximilian Heumann ◽  
Tobias Kraschewski ◽  
Tim Brauner ◽  
Lukas Tilch ◽  
Michael H. Breitner
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
City Center ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Density Based Clustering ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Cluster

This study analyzes the temporally resolved location and trip data of shared e-scooters over nine months in Berlin from one of Europe’s most widespread operators. We apply time, distance, and energy consumption filters on approximately 1.25 million trips for outlier detection and trip categorization. Using temporally and spatially resolved trip pattern analyses, we investigate how the built environment and land use affect e-scooter trips. Further, we apply a density-based clustering algorithm to examine point of interest-specific patterns in trip generation. Our results suggest that e-scooter usage has point of interest related characteristics. Temporal peaks in e-scooter usage differ by point of interest category and indicate work-related trips at public transport stations. We prove these characteristic patterns with the statistical metric of cosine similarity. Considering average cluster velocities, we observe limited time-saving potential of e-scooter trips in congested areas near the city center.

scholarly journals How and Why Does Intra-Metropolitan Workplace Location Affect Car Commuting?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Næss ◽  
Anders Tønnesen ◽  
Fitwi Wolday
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
City Center ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Commuting Distances ◽  
Control Work ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

This paper illuminates important causal processes that can explain differences between central, semi-central and suburban workplaces in commuting distances and modes. Its empirical base is qualitative interview material on the considerations and conditions underlying commuting behavior among employees of workplaces differently located within Oslo metropolitan area. The interviewees do not necessarily choose local jobs but rather travel a bit farther if this is necessary to find a more relevant job, especially if they have specialized job qualifications. Likewise, employers do not restrict their recruitment to local applicants. Workplaces close to the city center have a large number of potential employees within a short distance from the workplace and are, therefore, more likely to recruit workers locally. The interviewees’ rationales for travel mode choices, such as time-saving, flexibility, convenience and stress avoidance, encourage commuting by transit to central workplaces and by car to peripheral workplaces. For example, transit is often faster and more convenient than car when commuting to central workplaces, while the opposite is often the case for commutes to peripheral workplaces. Rationales of avoidance of stress and frustration and of predictability and control work in similar ways.

scholarly journals Extracting Main Center Pattern from Road Networks Using Density-Based Clustering with Fuzzy Neighborhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Cui ◽  
Jiayao Wang ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
Jinghan Li ◽  
Xianyong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Road ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Density Based Clustering ◽  
The City ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Main Center

The spatial pattern is a kind of typical structural knowledge that reflects the distribution characteristics of object groups. As an important semantic pattern of road networks, the city center is significant to urban analysis, cartographic generalization and spatial data matching. Previous studies mainly focus on the topological centrality calculation of road network graphs, and pay less attention to the delineation of main centers. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic recognition method of main center pattern in road networks. We firstly extract the main clusters from road nodes by improving the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) with fuzzy set theory. Moreover, the center area is generated with road meshes according to the area ratio with the covering discs of the main clusters. This proposed algorithm is applied to the road networks of a monocentric city and polycentric city respectively. The results show that our method is effective for identifying the main center pattern in the road networks. Furthermore, the contrast experiments demonstrate our method’s higher accuracy.

scholarly journals The Influence of Spatial Grid Division on the Layout Analysis of Urban Functional Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Shaohua Luo ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mingyi Du ◽  
Siyan Gao ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Density ◽  
City Center ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Spatial Grids ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Grid Division ◽  
And Training

The identification of urban functional areas is essential for urban planning and sustainable development. Spatial grids are the basic units for the implementation of urban plans and management by cities or development zones. The emergence of internet “big data” provides new ideas for the identification of urban functional areas. Based on point of interest (POI) data from Baidu Maps, the Xicheng District of Beijing was divided into grids with side lengths of 200, 500, and 1000 m in this study. The kernel density method was used to analyze the spatial structure of POI data. Two indicators, that is, the frequency density and category ratio, were then used to identify single- and mixed-functional areas. The results show that (1) commercial and financial areas are concentrated in the city center and multiple business centers have not developed; (2) scenic areas account for the largest proportion of single-functional areas in the Xicheng District of Beijing, followed by education and training, residence, and party and government organizations areas; and (3) the 200 × 200 m and 500 × 500 m grids are the most suitable for the identification of single- and mixed-functional areas, respectively.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Coordination Relationship between Urban Built Environment and Traffic Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tian Li ◽  
Haobin Jiang ◽  
Peng Jing ◽  
Mengmeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
City Center ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Ownership Choice ◽  
Traffic Level ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
The City

The coordination relationship between urban built environment and transport system is an indispensable field in the study of urban planning. Recent research efforts in built environment and transport system have focused on the effects of built environment on travel behaviors, such as car ownership, choice of travel mode, and travel frequency. These travel behaviors will affect the traffic level. However, research studies on direct assessments of links between built environment and traffic level are still limited. This paper aims to fill this gap by modeling with data envelopment analysis based on Point of Interest (POI) data and floating car data collected in Jinan, China. It is found that the coordination relationship between built environment and traffic level is poor in Jinan. With regard to the built environment input index, the distance from the city center has the greatest influence on the coordination relationship. And for the built environment output index, bus stop influences the coordination relationship most significantly. This research can support the provision of quantitative basis for the formulation of governance priorities for traffic governance policies.

PENERAPAN METODE PROTOTYPING PADA PERANCANGAN APLIKASI SPPD KPPN MEDAN II BERBASIS WEBSITE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Crystal Jelita Lumban Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Time Saving ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Employee Data ◽  
The Web

 KPPN Medan II is one of the government organization units at the Ministry of Finance. Where leaders and employees who work at KPPN Medan II always carry out official trips between cities and outside the city. With these conditions, making SPPD documents experiencing the intensity of official travel activities carried out by employees of KPPN Medan II can be said frequently. So that in making SPPD in KPPN Medan II is still using the manual method that is recording through Microsoft Word which in the sense is less effective and efficient. In naming employees who get official assignments, officers manually entering employee data that receives official travel letters are prone to being lost because data is manually written. The web-based SPPD application is built by applying this prototyping method which is expected to facilitate SPPD KPPN Medan II management officers in making SPPD that is effective, efficient, accurate, time-saving, and not prone to losing SPPD data of KPPN Medan II employees who will has made official trips due to the existence of a special database to accommodate all SPPD files.

Accuracy of On-site Consistent Origin-Destination Estimation Method for Measuring the Actual Numbers of Consumer Shop-around Movements within the City Center of Hanoi, Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saburo SAITO ◽  
Tran Ngoc HUY ◽  
Masakuni IWAMI ◽  
Takahiro SATO ◽  
Kosuke YAMASHIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

Urban Development Strategies of City Centers: The Case of Rafah City, Palestinian Territories

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Omar S. Asfour ◽  
Samar Abu Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
City Center ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The City ◽  
Commercial Center

City centers worldwide are perceived as essential parts of the city, where city memories are preserved and its identity is expressed. They are planned to satisfy the functional requirements and pleasurable qualities of the city. Under the accelerating urbanization of the modern city, several challenges face these centers including demographic, economic, and environmental challenges. This requires a continuous and incremental urban development process based on clear strategy and action plans. Thus, this study focuses on urban development strategies of city centers, with a focus on Rafah city located in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territories. The geographic location of this city near the Palestinian-Egyptian borders makes it a promising commercial city at local and regional levels. Thus, the current situation of Rafah city center has been analyzed, and several development strategies have been proposed. This has been done through a field survey based on observation and a questionnaire directed to city center users. It has been found that there is a great potential of Rafah city center to be developed as a commercial center. In this regard, several strategies and required actions have been proposed in the fields of transportation, environmental quality, shopping activities, investment opportunities, and visual perception.

Spatial and Temporal Differences in Weekday Travel Durations Between Private-for-Hire Transportation Services and Transit in the City Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110197
Author(s):  
Baxter Shandobil ◽  
Ty Lazarchik ◽  
Kelly Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Central City ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The City

There is increasing evidence that ridehailing and other private-for-hire (PfH) services such as taxis and limousines are diverting trips from transit services. One question that arises is where and when PfH services are filling gaps in transit services and where they are competing with transit services that are publicly subsidized. Using weekday trip-level information for trips originating in or destined for the city center of Portland, OR from PfH transportation services (taxis, transportation network companies, limousines) and transit trip data collected from OpenTripPlanner, this study investigated the temporal and spatial differences in travel durations between actual PfH trips and comparable transit trips (the same origin–destination and time of day). This paper contributes to this question and to a growing body of research about the use of ridehailing and other on-demand services. Specifically, it provides a spatial and temporal analysis of the demand for PfH transportation using an actual census of trips for a given 2 week period. The comparison of trip durations of actual PfH trips to hypothetical transit trips for the same origin–destination pairs into or out of the central city gives insights for policy making around pricing and other regulatory frameworks that could be implemented in time and space.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of redesigned street-scale built environments on access/egress pedestrian flows to metro stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Dujuan Yang ◽  
Harry J. P. Timmermans ◽  
Bauke de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
City Center ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
The City

AbstractIn urban renewal processes, metro line systems are widely used to accommodate the massive traffic needs and stimulate the redevelopment of the local area. The route choice of pedestrians, emanating from or going to the metro stations, is influenced by the street-scale built environment. Many renewal processes involve the improvement of the street-level built environment and thus influence pedestrian flows. To assess the effects of urban design on pedestrian flows, this article presents the results of a simulation model of pedestrian route choice behavior around Yingkoudao metro station in the city center of Tianjin, China. Simulated pedestrian flows based on 4 scenarios of changes in street-scale built environment characteristics are compared. Results indicate that the main streets are disproportionally more affected than smaller streets. The promotion of an intensified land use mix does not lead to a high increase in the number of pedestrians who choose the involved route when traveling from/to the metro station, assuming fixed destination choice.

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