scholarly journals Historical Transition of a Farming System towards Industrialization: A Danish Agricultural Case Study Comparing Sustainability in the 1840s and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12926
Author(s):  
Nele Lohrum ◽  
Morten Graversgaard ◽  
Chris Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
System Level ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Historical Transition ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Over Time

A Danish pre-industrial farming system is reconstructed and compared to its modern industrialized farming system equivalent to evaluate agricultural performance in a sustainability perspective. The investigated Danish farm system and its contributing elements have undergone significant transformations. The intensity of contemporary agriculture shows that high productivity levels have been achieved by increasing the input of energy using modern machinery. At the same time, the energy efficiency (calculations based on energetic indicators) diminishes over time as the degree of dependence on fossil fuels increases. The results from this study show significant changes in the farming system, specifically inputs from agricultural land use, livestock, and energy systems. From being highly circular, the system changed to being a clear linear farming system with highly increased productivity but less efficient at the same time, questioning the relationship between productivity and efficiency and resource utilization in modern farming systems. Through utilizing an agroecological historical approach by comparing system performance over time, the results offer opportunities to explore how agricultural farming systems evolve over time and help to describe the complexity of the system level in a sustainability perspective.

scholarly journals Evaluation of farming system outputs in Lithuania: methodological proposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasija Novikova ◽  
Lucia Rocchi ◽  
Gražina Startienė
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Land Covers

Agriculture produces jointly market and non-market outputs, and their supply depends on the nature of production. The role of agriculture as an economic activity and its consequences are essential for the Lithuanian case study, as agricultural land covers more than a half of the Lithuanian land. The market does not consider the positive and negative externalities created in agroecosystems. Therefore, specific techniques such as stated preferences methods are used for evaluation of non-market outputs in agriculture. Works by foreign researchers provide a comprehensive analysis of the aspects of nontradable agricultural aspects, usually focusing on evaluation of the benefit or damage to society from agricultural activity. There is lack of an integrated evaluation of farming system outputs in view of the specifics and intensity of farming. The main aim of this paper is to present construction of the methodology for integration of evaluation of farming system outputs in Lithuania, with the main focus on non-market outputs, as the values of agricultural market outputs are clear and fully revealed in official statistics. The conventional and organic farming has been selected for the Lithuanian case study. For the both farming systems, the research covers crops (including both cereals and industrials crops) and livestock (including dairy and cattle) production. The choice experiment (CE) method was selected as appropriate for evaluation of non-market outputs of different farming systems in Lithuanian agriculture. The nested logit was selected for econometric modelling of the value of non-market agricultural outputs. Applying the constructed and checked methodology, consumers’ willingness to pay for agroecosystem public goods of different farming systems will be elicited during the main survey.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Mapping the Agro-Ecological Zones

2015 ◽  
pp. 351-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Sri Yulianto Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Kristoko Dwi Hartomo ◽  
Hindriyanto Dwi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Ideal

The mapping of agro-ecological zone, which is integrated with the suitability of land evaluation, will determine the ideal farming system. The ideal farming system including sustainable land management will support the food security scenario of a region. In this chapter, the implementation of fuzzy logic for mapping the agro-ecological zone is discussed. The agro-ecological zone in Boyolali is used as case study in which the mapping considers its physiographic characteristics and climate. Two physiographic characteristics are involved: slope of the land and elevation. Rainfall is used as representative of climate. The experiment results reveal that simple membership function with the Mamdani inferences system could help decision makers to classify the agricultural land in Boyolali.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Mapping the Agro-Ecological Zones

Fuzzy Systems ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 782-806
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Sri Yulianto Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Kristoko Dwi Hartomo ◽  
Hindriyanto Dwi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Ideal

The mapping of agro-ecological zone, which is integrated with the suitability of land evaluation, will determine the ideal farming system. The ideal farming system including sustainable land management will support the food security scenario of a region. In this chapter, the implementation of fuzzy logic for mapping the agro-ecological zone is discussed. The agro-ecological zone in Boyolali is used as case study in which the mapping considers its physiographic characteristics and climate. Two physiographic characteristics are involved: slope of the land and elevation. Rainfall is used as representative of climate. The experiment results reveal that simple membership function with the Mamdani inferences system could help decision makers to classify the agricultural land in Boyolali.

scholarly journals Climate change through the farming systems lens: challenges and opportunities for farming in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hayman ◽  
Lauren Rickards ◽  
Richard Eckard ◽  
Deirdre Lemerle
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
System Level ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Adaptation to and mitigation of climate change in Australian agriculture has included research at the plant, animal, and soil level; the farming system level; and the community and landscape level. This paper focuses on the farming systems level at which many of the impacts of a changing climate will be felt. This is also the level where much of the activity relating to adaptation and mitigation can usefully be analysed and at which existing adaptive capacity provides a critical platform for further efforts. In this paper, we use a framework of nested hierarchies introduced by J. Passioura four decades ago to highlight the need for research, development and extension (RDE) on climate change at the farming systems level to build on more fundamental soil, plant, and animal sciences and to link into higher themes of rural sociology and landscape science. The many questions asked by those managing farming systems can be categorised under four broad headings: (1) climate projections at a local scale, (2) impacts of climate projections on existing farming systems, (3) adaptation options, and (4) risks and opportunities from policies to reduce emissions. These questions are used as a framework to identify emerging issues for RDE in Australian farming systems, including the complex balance in on-farm strategies between adapting to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. Climate is recognised as one of the defining features of different farming systems in Australia. It follows that if the climate changes, farming systems will have to shift, adapt, or be transformed into a different land use. Given that Australian farming systems have been adaptive in the past, we address the question of the extent to which research on adaptation to climate change in farming systems is different or additional to research on farming systems in a variable climate.

Productivity differences between organic and other vegetable farming systems in northern Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranthanthip Kramol ◽  
Renato Villano ◽  
Paul Kristiansen ◽  
Euan Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Organic Farming System

AbstractWe analyzed the productivity levels of smallholder farms in northern Thailand practicing different ‘clean and safe’ vegetable farming systems or conventional vegetable (CV) production. ‘Clean and safe’ farmers are categorized into three groups based on their use of synthetic chemicals: organic, pesticide-free and safe-use. Farm-level data on vegetable production were collected from random samples of farms operating these farming systems. A standard stochastic production frontier model and a metafrontier model were estimated for each system to obtain estimates of technical efficiency (TE) with respect to their cohorts, metatechnology ratios (MTRs, showing the extent of technology gaps between farming systems) and overall productivity measures. Productivity levels were found to vary moderately between farming systems. ‘Clean and safe’ farms achieved a higher mean TE score than conventional farms, indicating a more efficient use of inputs in producing a certain level of output within their system. However, their MTRs were significantly lower than those of conventional farmers, indicating greater production technology constraints because of the need to conform to strict guidelines. All four farming systems had at least one farmer who could overcome the technological constraints to achieve the highest possible output regardless of the technology used. Effective assistance providers were found to be crucial for farmers to achieve high productivity in the organic farming system. Improvements are needed to raise low productivity levels through technology transfer, value chain improvement and farmer capacity in production and marketing. The required improvement strategies differ among farming systems.

scholarly journals Alternatif Kebijakan Penyaluran Subsidi Pupuk Bagi Petani Pangan

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Suryana ◽  
Adang Agustian ◽  
Rangga Ditya Yofa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Efficiency

<p>Fertilizer is one of important production factors in food farming to gain high productivity. Efforts to manage procurement, distribution, and proper fertilizer application have been regulated, implemented, and controlled by the government. However, complaints related to fertilizer distribution problems still exist. This study aims to analyze national fertilizer performance, especially fertilizer policy for food sector, fertilizer industry, and farmer dynamics in formulating fertilizer needs and its application; and to formulate fertilizer policy alternatives that can increase fertilizer distribution efficiency and use of budget subsidy. Coverage and data of this study were at national level. Analytical methods of this study were both quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The main finding of this study was a formulation of four policy alternatives pertaining distribution mean of direct fertilizer subsidy delivered to farmers. Implementation of these policy alternatives requires availability of accurate data on rice farmers, agricultural land ownership and use, and food farming system profile nationwide. In the short run, in order to increase distribution efficiency of subsidized fertilizer to farmers, it is recommended that some adjustments to the current fertilizer policy must be done on price of natural gas as raw material for Urea, level of subsidized price of fertilizers paid by farmers, document of definitive plan of fertilizer needs of farmer groups (RDKK), and function of fertilizer supervision commission at regional levels. </p><p> </p><p align="left">Abstrak</p><p>Pupuk merupakan salah satu faktor produksi penting dalam usaha tani pangan untuk memperoleh produktivitas tinggi. Upaya mengelola pengadaan, penyaluran, dan penggunaan pupuk telah diatur, dilaksanakan, dan diawasi pemerintah, namun keluhan terkait dengan permasalahan penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi masih saja terjadi. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis keragaan perpupukan nasional, terutama kebijakan penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi untuk subsektor pangan, industri pupuk nasional, dan dinamika petani dalam penyusunan kebutuhan serta pemanfaatan pupuk; dan merumuskan alternatif kebijakan perpupukan yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penyaluran dan anggaran subsidi pupuk. Cakupan kajian dan data yang digunakan adalah pada tingkat nasional. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil  utama kajian ini berupa formulasi empat alternatif kebijakan cara penyaluran anggaran subsidi pupuk langsung diberikan kepada petani. Implementasi alernatif kebijakan tersebut mempersyaratkan tersedianya data yang akurat tentang petani padi, penguasaan dan pengusahaan lahan pertanian, dan profil usaha tani pangan secara nasional. Dalam jangka pendek, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi ke petani disarankan dilakukan beberapa penyesuaian atas kebijakan perpupukan saat ini, yaitu harga gas bumi sebagai bahan baku Urea, harga eceran tertinggi pupuk bersubsidi, dokumen rencana definitif kebutuhan kelompok (RDKK), dan fungsi komisi pengawasan pupuk di daerah.</p>

scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of Farming System Outputs: Lithuanian Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-290
Author(s):  
Anastasija Novikova ◽  
Lucia Rocchi ◽  
Grazina Startiene
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
A Value ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Market Output

Agriculture provides people with different market outputs. However, market outputs are not the only kind of output provided by agriculture: non-market outputs are produced jointly with the market ones in an agroecosystem. All the outputs produced by agriculture can be classified as the ecosystem services. The magnitude and levels of farming outputs depend on different technologies of production; i.e. different farming systems generate different outputs. Assessing the output of agriculture is quite simple in terms of the market value, but not so easy for non-market outputs. Moreover, evaluation of market and non-market outputs is usually performed separately. The objectives of this paper are to present an integrated evaluation framework for the outputs, marketable and non-marketable, associated with different farming systems. For the case study, we proposed the evaluation of the market and non-market output, associated with milk production in Lithuania, considering both organic and conventional production. In terms of the market evaluation, the results have shown that organic farming produced a value 1.24 times higher than conventional, while the valuation result associated with the non-market output is 83 time higher in organic than in conventional one. The study is the first attempt to develop a framework for integrated evaluation of farming outputs, taking into account market and non-market outputs and considering different types of farming systems.

scholarly journals Quality Labels as Drivers of Peri-Urban Livestock Systems Resilience

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Rosalia Filippini ◽  
Sabine Gennai-Schott ◽  
Tiziana Sabbatini ◽  
Sylvie Lardon ◽  
Elisa Marraccini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Farming System

Livestock farming systems have an important role in the territorial systems of the Mediterranean, but in the last twenty years the sector has undergone serious changes with an important decrease in the number of farms. The purpose of this study is to show the contribution of a local food certification to the resilience of peri-urban livestock farming system and of its food supply chain at territorial level. The focus is on the “Carne Bovina di Pisa” project, a private label promoted by the local livestock producers’ association, with the purpose of preserving biodiversity and provide farmers with an opportunity to strengthen their local marketing power. The case study is the peri-urban area of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), representative of the urbanized Mediterranean coastal plains with high urban pressure on agricultural land and increasing agricultural abandonment in the peri-urban area. The analysis is based on the qualitative analysis of interviews to stakeholders and the quantitative figures about the changes in livestock system. Results show that the label has positively sustained both the resilience of farming systems and the local food supply chains.

scholarly journals Technical efficiency and productivity of farms: a periurban case study analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gaviglio ◽  
Rosalia Filippini ◽  
Fabio Albino Madau ◽  
Maria Elena Marescotti ◽  
Eugenio Demartini
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Short Food Supply Chains ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

AbstractPeriurban farming systems are characterized by the need to adapt the farming practices coping with a modified natural and social environment. Questions are thus posed on the efficient use of the inputs. The purpose of this study is to estimate the technical efficiency and the productivity of periurban farms. To do so, the study employs a data envelopment analysis that properly captures the heterogeneity of the periurban farming system. The sample considered livestock and crop farms, located in the South Milan Agricultural Park, where 50 farms were selected and interviewed. Results show that crop farms are more efficient than livestock farms, but they have a less productive technology. The participation in short food supply chains and the multifunctional agriculture does not affect the levels of technical efficiency of the farms. Policies are thus needed to improve the education level of farmers and to sustain the efficiency of farms that diversify the farm’s economy.

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