scholarly journals Alternatif Kebijakan Penyaluran Subsidi Pupuk Bagi Petani Pangan

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Suryana ◽  
Adang Agustian ◽  
Rangga Ditya Yofa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Efficiency

<p>Fertilizer is one of important production factors in food farming to gain high productivity. Efforts to manage procurement, distribution, and proper fertilizer application have been regulated, implemented, and controlled by the government. However, complaints related to fertilizer distribution problems still exist. This study aims to analyze national fertilizer performance, especially fertilizer policy for food sector, fertilizer industry, and farmer dynamics in formulating fertilizer needs and its application; and to formulate fertilizer policy alternatives that can increase fertilizer distribution efficiency and use of budget subsidy. Coverage and data of this study were at national level. Analytical methods of this study were both quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The main finding of this study was a formulation of four policy alternatives pertaining distribution mean of direct fertilizer subsidy delivered to farmers. Implementation of these policy alternatives requires availability of accurate data on rice farmers, agricultural land ownership and use, and food farming system profile nationwide. In the short run, in order to increase distribution efficiency of subsidized fertilizer to farmers, it is recommended that some adjustments to the current fertilizer policy must be done on price of natural gas as raw material for Urea, level of subsidized price of fertilizers paid by farmers, document of definitive plan of fertilizer needs of farmer groups (RDKK), and function of fertilizer supervision commission at regional levels. </p><p> </p><p align="left">Abstrak</p><p>Pupuk merupakan salah satu faktor produksi penting dalam usaha tani pangan untuk memperoleh produktivitas tinggi. Upaya mengelola pengadaan, penyaluran, dan penggunaan pupuk telah diatur, dilaksanakan, dan diawasi pemerintah, namun keluhan terkait dengan permasalahan penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi masih saja terjadi. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis keragaan perpupukan nasional, terutama kebijakan penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi untuk subsektor pangan, industri pupuk nasional, dan dinamika petani dalam penyusunan kebutuhan serta pemanfaatan pupuk; dan merumuskan alternatif kebijakan perpupukan yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penyaluran dan anggaran subsidi pupuk. Cakupan kajian dan data yang digunakan adalah pada tingkat nasional. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil  utama kajian ini berupa formulasi empat alternatif kebijakan cara penyaluran anggaran subsidi pupuk langsung diberikan kepada petani. Implementasi alernatif kebijakan tersebut mempersyaratkan tersedianya data yang akurat tentang petani padi, penguasaan dan pengusahaan lahan pertanian, dan profil usaha tani pangan secara nasional. Dalam jangka pendek, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi ke petani disarankan dilakukan beberapa penyesuaian atas kebijakan perpupukan saat ini, yaitu harga gas bumi sebagai bahan baku Urea, harga eceran tertinggi pupuk bersubsidi, dokumen rencana definitif kebutuhan kelompok (RDKK), dan fungsi komisi pengawasan pupuk di daerah.</p>

Strategies for Developing Sustainable and Competitive Cluster For Handycrafts –Based Small Medium Enterprise (SME)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Lindawati Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Government

The SME Assist concept was formulated in August 2009 in line with the philosophy of university-industry engagement. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are important economic driving force in many countries. Previous researches show that efforts taken by various parties and governments of different countries have helped improve and transform SMEs to be competitive in the fast changing global economy. In Indonesia specifically in Bogor regency, West Java, there are different models or approaches adopted and implemented by various parties. However, competitiveness of SME  remains an area of concern. For Handycrafts-based SME, in order to meet these expectations and fulfil their contributions to the development process, it is absolutely important that they have high productivity. It is essential that these industries provide productive and remunerative employment and, for their survival and growth, offer products and services at competitive quality and price. The Handycrafts-based SME has a potential to develop in Bogor Regency which is located in tourism area and divided into Villages (Cilember, Leuwimalang, Cisarua, Cibeireum, Kopo and Jogjogan) in Cisarua District.             Handycrafts is the dominant cluster that can generate earning sources and give role of economics which is very significant. Unfortunately, the existence of the Handycrafts-based SME is not as good as most people expected, because there are many constraints faced. In the mean time, the infrastructure and access information concerning capital, technology, management and marketing are limited. Therefore, it is essential to formulate strategy to develop handycrafts-based SME based on internal and external factors. The objectives of this research are to identify the characteristics of handycrafts-based SME in Bogor Regency to have actual conditions, and to analyze the SME’s internal-external environment and to select the alternative strategies for development .             The development strategies of handycrafts-based SME are proposed according to external and internal factors. These factors influence and determine the development dynamic and growth of handycrafts-based SME. The combination of strength and weaknesses together with external situation will determine the development posibility of SME. The score analysis method was used to analyze the internal external environment used for generating strategy using analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Hierarcy decisions was based on interpretation of secondary data concerning external and internal factors which influence the growth of SME and early discussion with experts from the SME entrepeneurs, academics, and local government. The prioritation of alternatives strategy was determined synchronization of literature and opinion of expert responder, then the result was processed with AHP. The results of this research show that the characteristics of handycrafts-based SME in Bogor Regency are: using traditional management, simple record-keeping administration, having local market and regional sale, utilize local or regional raw material, perform continous production system, having good quality awareness, using self or family capital resource, utilize simple equipments and technology and also having good innovation capability. According to the score assessment of AHP, the main strategy for the development of handycrafts-based SME in Bogor Regency is give more or better attention for policy formulation and based on socialpreneurship. This strategy means that the government policy should enhance or at least not constraining the development of handycrafts-based SME. The policy should also accommodate the necessity of all stakeholders related to handycrafts-based SME

Food security in Cambodia: trends and policy objectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Culas ◽  
Kimsong Tek
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators

Purpose The paper presents food and nutritional status and relevant policy objectives that can sustain food security in Cambodia. This paper aims to review Cambodia’s food security situation over a period. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides an approach for selecting food security indicators in relation to both inputs and outcomes by drawing on a conceptual framework. National level data for the food security indicators are analysed over a period to provide trends in food and nutritional status. Findings Cambodia has not experienced drastic food insecurity yet, as most people are farmers and their livelihoods dependent on agriculture. Agriculture has maintained food availability in the country; however, there is a proportion of the population living in remote areas unable to obtain sufficient, safe, nutritious food. Landlessness, internal migration, rapid population growth, lack of education and skills, limited access to natural resources and agricultural land, poor health and infrastructure leave the people with inadequate employment opportunities, low capabilities and low productivity which in turn bring deeper poverty. Therefore, people are insecure, excluded and vulnerable to food deprivation. Practical implications To tackle the food security challenges, the Government of Cambodia focuses on food-based social safety nets in the sectors of education, nutrition and productive assets/livelihoods support, to enable longer-term, nationally owned food security solutions. Originality/value The paper draws conclusions using a range of recently proposed food security indicators and offers a perspective for policy formulation which may be of interest to development scholars and practitioners.

scholarly journals Historical Transition of a Farming System towards Industrialization: A Danish Agricultural Case Study Comparing Sustainability in the 1840s and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12926
Author(s):  
Nele Lohrum ◽  
Morten Graversgaard ◽  
Chris Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
System Level ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Historical Transition ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Over Time

A Danish pre-industrial farming system is reconstructed and compared to its modern industrialized farming system equivalent to evaluate agricultural performance in a sustainability perspective. The investigated Danish farm system and its contributing elements have undergone significant transformations. The intensity of contemporary agriculture shows that high productivity levels have been achieved by increasing the input of energy using modern machinery. At the same time, the energy efficiency (calculations based on energetic indicators) diminishes over time as the degree of dependence on fossil fuels increases. The results from this study show significant changes in the farming system, specifically inputs from agricultural land use, livestock, and energy systems. From being highly circular, the system changed to being a clear linear farming system with highly increased productivity but less efficient at the same time, questioning the relationship between productivity and efficiency and resource utilization in modern farming systems. Through utilizing an agroecological historical approach by comparing system performance over time, the results offer opportunities to explore how agricultural farming systems evolve over time and help to describe the complexity of the system level in a sustainability perspective.

scholarly journals The impact of government policies on Nigeria economic growth (case of fiscal, monetary and trade policies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Samuel Adegboyo ◽  
Sunday Anderu Keji ◽  
Oluwadamilola Tosin Fasina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test

AbstractThis study examines the impact of fiscal, monetary and trade policies on Nigerian economic growth from 1985 to 2020. This study adopts endogenous growth model (AK model) as its theoretical framework. The unit root test results reveal that there is mixed level of stationarity in the variables. The bound test result shows that the variables cointegrate. The ARDL long-run result shows that fiscal policies stimulate economic growth, while on the contrary, trade policies deter Nigerian economic growth. The short-run result shows that the fiscal policies has an inconsistent impact on Nigerian economic growth and thus differs from the long-run result; while government spending continues to drive economic growth in Nigeria, government revenues have no effect on the growth of the economy. The result of the impact of monetary policies shows that interest rate impels growth of the economy while money supply deters growth of Nigeria’s economy; lastly, the trade policies maintain her negative influence on the economy in both the long run and short run. Sequel to the findings, the study recommends the following: Policymakers should place more emphasis on using fiscal policy which was found to be stimulating the country's growth rate. Whenever it is expedient to use monetary policy to stimulate economic growth, policy makers should make use of interest rates as it stimulates the growth of the economy in the short run. The government should review her trade policies to reduce import by encouraging consumption of local products and motivate exporters of goods (raw material) to refine the products before exporting such.

scholarly journals Causal Relationship between Fiscal Policy and Private Investment in Nigeria for the period 1986 -2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Kenechukwu Origin Chukwu ◽  
Chidi-Okeke Chioma Nnenna ◽  
Chris-Ejiogu Uzoamaka Gloria ◽  
Awe Stanley Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government

This study investigated the causal relationship between fiscal policy and private investment in Nigeria (1986-2019) using secondary data from Statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria. The research work used the Granger Causality techniques to test the causal relationship between the independent variables (Tax revenue, Oil revenue, Total expenditure and Public debt) on the dependent variable (Private Investment) while VAR was used to test the short run relationship. The study found that fiscal policy instruments granger causes private investment in Nigeria within the period of the study. The study therefore advocates that Government should as necessity fully liberalized or privatized NNPC and the Power sector as these critical sectors will help the growth of the private sectors and reduce unemployment in the country. Nigerian Government ought to increase its spending on infrastructure, especially capital projects in the economy in order to bridge infrastructure gap in the country. Provision of tax incentives to private sectors by the Government should be encouraged, as this will help the growth of private investment in the country. Also, restructuring of the economy by manufacturing what we need should be encouraged by government because exporting commodity (raw material) means exporting jobs.

PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Safitriani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Separate Regression

Invesment (FDI) di Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis regresi secara terpisah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan satu arah antara ekspor dan FDI dan terdapat hubungan dua arah antara impor dan FDI di Indonesia. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa FDI memberikan dampak jangka panjang yang positif terhadap ekspor, sementara dalam jangka pendek, FDI berdampak negatif terhadap ekspor. Namun dalam hal impor, ditemukan bahwa FDI memiliki dampak positif terhadap impor meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan. Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu mengambil langkah untuk meningkatkan FDI di Indonesia, tidak hanya pada sektor domestik tetapi juga pada sektor yang berorientasi ekspor. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the flow of the international trade and foreign direct investment in Indonesia using a separate Regression analysis. The study found that there is a significant relation between export and FDI and between import and FDI. However, the effect of FDI on the export in the long run is positive while in the short run it was found negative and insignificant. Therefore, the Government needs to formulate policies to promote FDI at both national level as well as at the international level.

scholarly journals Hubungan Partisipasi Petani dengan Keberlanjutan Sistem Pertanian Terpadu Mina Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Esti Ittaqillah ◽  
Dwi Sadono ◽  
Endang Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Government

The government is currently developing an integrated agricultural system for mina padi in order to optimize agricultural land that can increase the productivity of agricultural land, improve the welfare of farmers and support food security. Farmers participation in implementing the mina padi system is expected to support sustainable agriculture in the ecological, economic, social, technology-infrastructure and institutional dimensions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of farmer participation and the sustainability of the integrated mina padi farming system. Data were collected using a questionnaire instrument and analyzed using the Rank Spearman correlation test. The results of the study involving 42 respondents showed that farmers were considered to be quite participatory and the rice mina system was quite sustainable. Farmer characteristic that significantly related to the level of participation is the level of cosmopolitan. The external factors that significantly related to the level of participation, are the role of instructors, market access, and information availability. The level of participation, in general, is significantly related to all dimensions the level of sustainability, including ecological, economic, social, infrastructure-technology, and institutional dimensions.Keywords: sustainability, mina padi, participation, integrated farming. ABSTRAKPemerintah saat ini sedang mengembangkan sistem pertanian terpadu mina padi dalam rangka mengoptimalisasi lahan pertanian yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan pertanian, menyejahterakan petani dan mendukung ketahanan pangan. Partisipasi petani dalam menerapkan sistem mina padi diharapkan dapat mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan pada dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi-infrastruktur dan kelembagaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi petani dengan keberlanjutan sistem pertanian terpadu mina padi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian yang melibatkan 42 responden menunjukkan bahwa petani tergolong cukup partisipatif dan sistem mina padi yang cukup berkelanjutan. Karakteristik petani yang berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat partisipasi yaitu tingkat kekosmopolitan. Faktor eksternal yang berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat partisipasi yaitu, peran penyuluh, tingkat akses pasar, dan ketersediaan informasi. Tingkat partisipasi secara umum berhubungan nyata dengan semua dimensi tingkat keberlanjutan, yaitu dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi-infrastruktur dan kelembagaan.Kata kunci: keberlanjutan, mina padi, partisipasi, pertanian terpadu.

Tata kelola internal dan eksternal untuk mengatasi permasalahan pangan di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hendriyantore
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Access ◽  
Descriptive Method

The effort to put good governance in development in Indonesia is basically not new. Since the Reformation, the transformation of closed government into an open government (inclusive) has begun to be pursued. Highlighting the conflicts in the land sector that tend to strengthen lately, there are some issues that have intensified conflicts in the field, such as the lack of guaranteed land rights in various legal and policy products. In this paper, a descriptive method is considered important in identifying the applicable issue and methodological framework for addressing governance issues in Indonesia. To reduce such agrarian conflicts between farmers and the government, and as an effort to increase farmers' income, all farmers are incorporated into agricultural cooperatives. Agricultural cooperatives are structured down to the National Level. Thus, farmers participate in good access to the marketing of agricultural produce.Keywords:good governance, agrarian conflict, agricultural cooperative

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

Transport infrastructure of the Rostov Oblast: Problems and prospects for development in the context of national projects implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1034
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Patrakeeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The paper considers national projects in the field of transport infrastructure, i.e. Safe and High-quality Roads and Comprehensive Plan for Modernization and Expansion of Trunk Infrastructure, and the specifics of their implementation in the Rostov Oblast. Objectives. The aim is to conduct a statistical assessment of the impact of transport infrastructure on the region’s economic performance and define prospects for and risks of the implementation of national infrastructure projects in conditions of a shrinking economy. Methods. I use available statistics and apply methods and approaches with time-series data, namely stationarity and cointegration tests, vector autoregression models. Results. The level of economic development has an impact on transport infrastructure in the short run. However, the mutual influence has not been statistically confirmed. The paper revealed that investments in the sphere of transport reduce risk of accidents on the roads of the Rostov Oblast. Improving the quality of roads with high traffic flow by reducing investments in the maintenance of subsidiary roads enables to decrease accident rate on the whole. Conclusions. In conditions of economy shrinking caused by the complex epidemiological situation and measures aimed at minimizing the spread of coronavirus, it is crucial to create a solid foundation for further economic recovery. At the government level, it is decided to continue implementing national projects as significant tools for recovery growth.

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