scholarly journals Evaluation of farming system outputs in Lithuania: methodological proposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasija Novikova ◽  
Lucia Rocchi ◽  
Gražina Startienė
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Land Covers

Agriculture produces jointly market and non-market outputs, and their supply depends on the nature of production. The role of agriculture as an economic activity and its consequences are essential for the Lithuanian case study, as agricultural land covers more than a half of the Lithuanian land. The market does not consider the positive and negative externalities created in agroecosystems. Therefore, specific techniques such as stated preferences methods are used for evaluation of non-market outputs in agriculture. Works by foreign researchers provide a comprehensive analysis of the aspects of nontradable agricultural aspects, usually focusing on evaluation of the benefit or damage to society from agricultural activity. There is lack of an integrated evaluation of farming system outputs in view of the specifics and intensity of farming. The main aim of this paper is to present construction of the methodology for integration of evaluation of farming system outputs in Lithuania, with the main focus on non-market outputs, as the values of agricultural market outputs are clear and fully revealed in official statistics. The conventional and organic farming has been selected for the Lithuanian case study. For the both farming systems, the research covers crops (including both cereals and industrials crops) and livestock (including dairy and cattle) production. The choice experiment (CE) method was selected as appropriate for evaluation of non-market outputs of different farming systems in Lithuanian agriculture. The nested logit was selected for econometric modelling of the value of non-market agricultural outputs. Applying the constructed and checked methodology, consumers’ willingness to pay for agroecosystem public goods of different farming systems will be elicited during the main survey.

scholarly journals Historical Transition of a Farming System towards Industrialization: A Danish Agricultural Case Study Comparing Sustainability in the 1840s and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12926
Author(s):  
Nele Lohrum ◽  
Morten Graversgaard ◽  
Chris Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
System Level ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Historical Transition ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Over Time

A Danish pre-industrial farming system is reconstructed and compared to its modern industrialized farming system equivalent to evaluate agricultural performance in a sustainability perspective. The investigated Danish farm system and its contributing elements have undergone significant transformations. The intensity of contemporary agriculture shows that high productivity levels have been achieved by increasing the input of energy using modern machinery. At the same time, the energy efficiency (calculations based on energetic indicators) diminishes over time as the degree of dependence on fossil fuels increases. The results from this study show significant changes in the farming system, specifically inputs from agricultural land use, livestock, and energy systems. From being highly circular, the system changed to being a clear linear farming system with highly increased productivity but less efficient at the same time, questioning the relationship between productivity and efficiency and resource utilization in modern farming systems. Through utilizing an agroecological historical approach by comparing system performance over time, the results offer opportunities to explore how agricultural farming systems evolve over time and help to describe the complexity of the system level in a sustainability perspective.

scholarly journals The Role of Selected Ecosystem Services in Different Farming Systems in Poland Regarding the Differentiation of Agricultural Land Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6673
Author(s):  
Lidia Luty ◽  
Kamila Musiał ◽  
Monika Zioło
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Impact

The functioning of various agroecosystems is nowadays shaped by different farming systems, which may impair their functions, as well as being beneficial to them. The benefits include ecosystem services, defined as economic and noneconomic values gained by humans from ecosystems, through supporting soil formation and nutrient circulation, and the impact of agriculture on climate and biodiversity. Their mutual flow and various disturbances depend on the agroecosystem’s management method, which is associated with the type of management of agricultural land (AL) in individual farms. This paper raises a problem of transformation in the structure of three main farming systems in Poland, in 2004–2018, in relation to the implementation of 16 selected ecosystem services and their scale. Special attention was given to organic farming, as the most environmentally friendly and sustainable. The analysis demonstrates the increase in ALs in that type of production during the analyzed period of time. Disparities of transformation associated with the type of agricultural system were noticeable at the regional level, which were presented in 16 Polish voivodeships. The results of the analysis confirm that the organic system, which is an important carrier of various ecosystem services, gained a stable position. Moreover, areas with integrated farming still do not exceed 0.5% of total agricultural lands in such voivodeships. The analysis of factors influencing the deterioration or disappearance of selected environmental services characterizing agricultural systems indicates the need to depart from an intensive conventional management system.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Mapping the Agro-Ecological Zones

2015 ◽  
pp. 351-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Sri Yulianto Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Kristoko Dwi Hartomo ◽  
Hindriyanto Dwi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Ideal

The mapping of agro-ecological zone, which is integrated with the suitability of land evaluation, will determine the ideal farming system. The ideal farming system including sustainable land management will support the food security scenario of a region. In this chapter, the implementation of fuzzy logic for mapping the agro-ecological zone is discussed. The agro-ecological zone in Boyolali is used as case study in which the mapping considers its physiographic characteristics and climate. Two physiographic characteristics are involved: slope of the land and elevation. Rainfall is used as representative of climate. The experiment results reveal that simple membership function with the Mamdani inferences system could help decision makers to classify the agricultural land in Boyolali.

Castile—La Mancha: A once traditional and integrated cereal—sheep farming system under change

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Farm Subsidies

AbstractFarming systems are often complex elaborations of the human societies to which they belong, with many traditional and social implications. Untangling the main social and structural constraints may improve productivity without an increase in environmental costs. Integration of cereal and sheep farming throughout the Mediterranean basin has been traditional. Mutually beneficial relationships between the sheep industry and cereal farming, and the vital role of forage legumes in meeting the modest needs of sheep for nitrogen, are stressed. This agropastoral system, however, is endangered in central Spain mainly because the pastoralist (sheep owner) is land-less, while the cultivator (land owner) has little interest in enforcing the law; fees for grazing rights are very low. Farmers, particularly young farmers, reject the current sheep operation because of the harsh working conditions. Restructuring of the grazing system would require a new policy scenario that would link European Union farm subsidies to structural reforms and would stress cooperative behavior.

Farmer Experimentation as a Basis for Cropping Systems Research: A Case Study Involving True Potato Seed

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Potts ◽  
Greta A. Watson ◽  
R. Sinung-Basuki ◽  
N. Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryThe radical concept of potato production from true potato seed (TPS) was adopted as a component of their farming system within three seasons by 23 farmers from Cibodas, West Java. The farmers showed an ability to conceptualize and experiment and desired concepts from which they could develop, through research, appropriate principles and field techniques. Information received solely as detailed practices or techniques hindered their progress, since they first needed to repeat the technique in order to understand the concepts and principles involved. Farmer experimentation resembled closely that of experimental station researchers, with the use of replication in space, often neighbouring farmers' plots, and time. Initial experiments covered a wide range of factors but within three seasons farmers had identified similar areas of concern which coincided with those of experiment station researchers worldwide. Farmer experimentation and the role of the researcher in this methodology for technology development are discussed.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Mapping the Agro-Ecological Zones

Fuzzy Systems ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 782-806
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Sri Yulianto Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Kristoko Dwi Hartomo ◽  
Hindriyanto Dwi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Ideal

The mapping of agro-ecological zone, which is integrated with the suitability of land evaluation, will determine the ideal farming system. The ideal farming system including sustainable land management will support the food security scenario of a region. In this chapter, the implementation of fuzzy logic for mapping the agro-ecological zone is discussed. The agro-ecological zone in Boyolali is used as case study in which the mapping considers its physiographic characteristics and climate. Two physiographic characteristics are involved: slope of the land and elevation. Rainfall is used as representative of climate. The experiment results reveal that simple membership function with the Mamdani inferences system could help decision makers to classify the agricultural land in Boyolali.

Effect of plastic mulching on the accumulation and distribution of macro and micro plastic particles in the soil - A case study of two farming systems in North West China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanrong Meng
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
North West ◽  
Plastic Mulching

<p>Plastic mulching is a common farming practice in arid and semi-arid regions. Inappropriate disposal of plastic films can lead to the contamination of macroplastics (MaPs) and microplastics (MiPs) in the soil. To study the effects of plastic mulching on the contamination of soil with MaPs and MiPs and the role of farm management on this contamination, research was done on two farming systems in Northwest China, where plastic mulching is intensively used. Farming in Wutong Village (S1) is characterized by small plots and low-intensity machinery tillage while farming in Shihezi (S2) is characterized by large plots and high-intensity machinery tillage. Soils were sampled to a depth of 30 cm and analysed. The results showed that MaPs ranged from 30.3 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> to 82.3 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> in S1 and from 43.5 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> to 148 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> in S2. The main macroplastics  size categories were 2-10 cm<sup>2</sup> and 10-50 cm<sup>2</sup> in S1 and  < 2 cm<sup>2</sup> and 2-10 cm<sup>2</sup> in S2. In S1, we found that 6-8 years of continuous mulching practice resulted in the accumulation of more MaPs as compared to the use of intermittent mulching over the span of 30 years. For S2,  6 to 15 years of plastic mulching use led to MaPs accumulation in fields but from 15 to18 years, the MaPs number and content in soils dropped due to further fragmentation of the plastic and its dispersal into the environment. MiPs were mainly detected in fields with > 30 years of mulching use in S1 and discovered in all fields in S2, this indicated that  long-term cultivation and high-intensity machinery tillage could lead to more severe microplastic pollution. These results emphasized the impacts of  farm management on the accumulation and spread of MaPs and MiPs in the soil and regulations are needed to prevent further contamination of the soil.</p>

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