scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Ecological Restoration Technologies in Typical Ecologically Vulnerable Regions around the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13290
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Lin Zhen ◽  
Qi Luo ◽  
Yun-Jie Wei ◽  
Yu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Sandy Desertification ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

Ecosystem degradation is a key issue facing the world. Rapid economic development has been achieved at the cost of degradation and environmental pollution, which has affected human well-being, particularly in fragile ecosystems. To achieve the United Nations sustainable development goals, it is essential to develop technologies to control degradation and restore ecosystems. However, a comprehensive assessment of the different types of degradation, of the methods used in different regions, and of the differences between regions has not been carried out. In this study, we examined databases of international organizations, interviewed experts to evaluate existing methods based on five dimensions, identified restoration technologies (hereinafter referred to as RTs) suitable for different types of degradation, and summarized the restoration effectiveness in different regions. We found 101 RTs around the world and found that the same technology can be applied in different regions. The RTs were dominated by engineering and biological RTs, accounting for 19.2–26.7% and 33.4–34.7% of the total, respectively. 45, 30, and 26 RTs were suitable for controlling soil erosion, sandy desertification, and degraded ecosystem, respectively. The average evaluation index of RTs for controlling these degradation problems are 0.81, 0.78, and 0.73, respectively meaning RTs used to fight soil erosion are more effective. The potential to transfer a technology to other regions and the readiness of the technologies were low for degraded ecosystems, and the ease of use was high for sandy desertification RTs. Although a given technology could be applied to different regions or degradation types, results varied. Our study will help ecosystem managers to deal with specific degradation issues, phases, and severities, and will support the transfer of RTs among regions.

4. Living: here and there

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Philip N. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

What it means to live in poverty depends on where in the world you are. Developed countries have their own brand of poverty that differs qualitatively from that in the developing world. ‘Living: here and there’ compares and contrasts five dimensions of life that underpin our notion of well-being: family structure, health, education, assets (financial and non-financial), and the environment. The focus is on qualitative characteristics that seem to persist over time, although some data are included in order to provide broader context. The consequences of family structure, health, education, assets, and the environment often manifest themselves in the labour market.

Does corruption cause tax evasion? Evidence from an emerging economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kwaku Amoh ◽  
Abdallah Ali-Nakyea
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the corruption-tax evasion nexus and to establish the strength of relationships among corrupting activities. Design/methodology/approach The research applied structural equation modelling on selected data from the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey on corruption activities and data on tax evasion triggering factors from the World Development Indicators and the Bank of Ghana to test two hypotheses. Findings The test of the first hypothesis suggests that corrupting activities significantly cause tax-evading activities in Ghana; hence, there is at least one corrupting activity triggering tax evasion. Testing the second hypothesis revealed that corruption in Ghana exhibits all of the five dimensions of corruption that were examined. Hence, there is correlation among the corrupting activities. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by the availability of data; hence, only data for selected variables for the period were examined. Practical implications The results are indicative that most emerging economies tend to have more than one type of dominating corruption dimension, which are tax-evading triggers. Originality/value The study extends the literature by examining the various dimensions of corruption, analysing the strength of their relationships and how they impact tax evasion in an emerging economy. By identifying and employing specific corrupting activities, there is a better understanding and appreciation of the corruption-tax evasion nexus in the revenue generation process. This may aid emerging economies in the drafting of tax evasion and corruption reduction policies/programmes to ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Safety vs. Sustainability Concerns of Infant Food Users: French Results and European Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10074
Author(s):  
Amélie Kurtz ◽  
Rallou Thomopoulos
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Development Goals

Context. In line with Sustainable Development Goals 3 “Good health and well-being” and 12 “Responsible Consumption and Production”, this paper is concerned with the fragile population of the less-than-3-years-old children. More specifically, it investigates how infant food safety is perceived at the household level and at the level of childhood and health professionals directly in contact with them. Objective. The paper aims to analyze consumer priorities and perceptions of hazards in infant foods qualitatively and quantitatively. Methodology. To do so, a survey was carried out in France on 1750 people representative of the general population. A hybrid method is proposed to analyze the results of the survey, mixing artificial intelligence and statistics. Main insights. Within the declared priorities when choosing infant food, health comes first, with a top ranking for the absence of harmful substances, followed closely by nutritional balance—far ahead of environment, ease of use and price. The results show that the rankings of the hazards that cause the most worry are globally homogeneous throughout the populations (families, professionals, etc.) and higher for chemical contaminants from agricultural practices and packaging. For health professionals, concerns are higher than in the general population for all categories of contaminants, and specific concerns such as risk related to environmental and unknown contaminants are much more prevalent. The perception of risk varies with the food considered. For infant formula in particular, users seem puzzled by somehow contradictory messages. Perspectives. The study is intended to be generalized to Europe.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS DISCLOSURES AND COMPANY VALUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Elin Erlina Sasanti ◽  
Susi Retna Cahyaningtyas ◽  
R. Sapto Hendri Boedi Soesatyo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Company Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
The Relationship

The existence of a global governance agenda requires companies all over the world to get involved in implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, previous study showed that corporate involvement in the achievement of SDGs is overall still limited and question on the company motives to disclose SDGs remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the association between SDGs disclosures and company values. This study also aimed to analyze the moderating effect of type of industry on the association between SDGs disclosures and company values. Study was conducted on companies listed in IDX, which disclosed SDGs in their Sustainability Reports. The results of this study suggest SDGs disclosures is associated to company value, which confirmed the signaling motives in the involvement of corporate SDGs. The results also showed that different types of industry could weaken the relationship between SDGs disclosure and company values, when associated with high-profile industry companies.

scholarly journals Can We Solve the Issue of Poverty Without Solving the Issue of Conventional Economic Paradigm: A Critical Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 671-683
Author(s):  
Anwar Shah ◽  
Karim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Election Manifesto ◽  
Primary Focus

The primary focus of economics is to allocate resources in order to achieve the well-being of humans. Wellbeing has many dimensions, ranging from the level of mere subsistence to the equality of opportunities to accumulate, and to safeguard life and wealth. Poverty, thus, is one of the parameters for measuring the welfare of society in general. Given this importance, the Millennium Development Goals aim at halving the world poverty by 2015. Many organisations in the world set poverty eradication as one of their key objectives. Likewise, poverty reduction has got a central place in the international politics. Accordingly, each country including Pakistan has launched programmes for the alleviation of this great menace. The election manifesto of all the mainstream political parties in Pakistan includes poverty alleviation as one of their main goals. Additionally, poverty alleviation is one of the major subjects of talks in electronic media and in the editorials of newspapers, both at the national and at the international level. Nevertheless, poverty is still a major problem of humanity across the globe.

Psychological science in the communist era: experience of cooperation and interaction between the USSR and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (04-1) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Li Zihan ◽  
Wang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
World Community ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychological Assistance

The article analyzes the development of mental epidemiology, the practice of psychological support for the population during pandemics at different historical stages. The time frame of the study ranges from 430-426, when the outbreak of the Athenian plague occurred, until now - the 2019-2020 COVID-19 pandemic. It turns out that the emergence of all kinds of methods of psychological work with the population during such social crises was preceded by an epidemic of viral infections, various diseases and other adverse events that, in one way or another, disrupt the mental balance and well-being of the world community. The key problems that existed in the practice of providing psychological assistance and support to the population during different types and scales of epidemics and pandemics were identified. Based on the results of the analysis, some directions for improving the policy in the field of maintaining the mental health of the population during periods of epidemics, pandemics and social crises are proposed.

scholarly journals Scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal, milestones and indicators for the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

Despite significant conservation efforts, the loss of ecosystems continues globally, along with related loss of species and Nature’s contributions to people. A new ecosystem goal and milestone, supported by clear targets and indicators, is urgently needed for the Convention on Biological Diversity’s post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and beyond, to support efforts to abate climate change, and to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we detail the scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal and milestones, founded on a theory of change, and review available indicators to measure progress. An ecosystem goal should include three core components: area, integrity, and risk of collapse. Targets, the actions necessary for the goals to be met, should address pathways to ecosystem loss and recovery, including retaining threatened ecosystems and intact areas, and restoring degraded ecosystems. Multiple indicators are needed to capture the different dimensions of ecosystem area, integrity and collapse risk across ecosystem types. Indicators should be selected for fitness-for-purpose and relevance to goal components, rather than constrained by currently available data. Science-based goals, supported by well-formulated action targets and fit-for purpose indicators, will provide the best foundation for future success in reversing biodiversity loss and sustaining human well-being.

“One Health” From Concept to Application in the Global World

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Schneider ◽  
Claudia Munoz-Zanzi ◽  
Kyung-duk Min ◽  
Sylvain Aldighieri
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global World ◽  
And Control

The vision that everything is connected in this world is not new. However, to respond to the current challenges that the world is facing, the integrated vision that humans, animals, and the environment are linked is more important than ever. Collaboration among multiple disciplines is crucial, and this approach is fundamental to understanding the One Health concept. A transdisciplinary definition of One Health views animals, humans, and their shared settings or environment as linked and affected by the socioeconomic interest of humans and external pressures. A One Health concept calls for various disciplines to work together to provide new methods and tools for research and implementation of effective services to support the formulation of norms, regulations, and policies to the benefit of humanity, animals, and the environment for current and future generations. This will improve the understanding of health and disease processes as well as prediction, detection, prevention, and control of infectious hazards and other issues affecting health and well-being in the human-animal-ecosystem interface, contributing to sustainable development goals, and to improving equity in the world.

scholarly journals Regions for health case study: Turning Welsh legislation for sustainable development into everyday practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Weatherup ◽  
F Zambon
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In 1998, Wales became one of the first nations in the world to have a legal requirement in relation to sustainable development. The introduction of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 bolstered previous schemes, by providing an enabling framework for thinking and working differently, and embedding a Health in All Policies approach. With seven well-being goals which aim to make Wales a healthier place, where the social, economic, environmental and cultural well-being of Wales is improved, the Act impacts on public bodies, including local authorities, to make sure that when making their decisions they take into account the impact they could have on people's well-being, that they involve citizens, and they look to the future as well as focusing on the now. Wales also became one of the first nations in the world to establish a legislative link to the international SDGs. A new report gives practical examples and case studies demonstrating how organizations can respond to the legislation. Informed by a review of the international evidence, the report makes five key recommendations for practical implementation of sustainable development principles. Although the report reflects the Welsh public sector context, the findings can act as a go-to guide for any organization seeking to address global issues such as climate change, biodiversity and de-carbonization, as well as to implement the globally agreed Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The report is positive about the Welsh legislative approach; suggesting it could make a significant and long-lasting difference to the people living in Wales, with the potential to set an example globally. The presentation will provide examples on how this is translating into practical action for the Welsh NHS system change including collective action on a de-carbonization pathway and how staff and the wider public are being motivated and engaged to 'Be The Change'. to create a network of champions will be given.

A Review of Sustainable Development Goal 3 Indicators in European Countries Before the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 229-249
Author(s):  
Nuray Tezcan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development Goals

In recent years, achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been one of the most important issues for countries throughout the world. In the SDG framework, Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) is devoted to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.” However, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has been experienced since the beginning of 2020, has deeply affected countries in all respects. Accordingly, the health systems of countries have come to the point of collapsing. This situation has been bringing about setback to meet the targets of SDG3. The purpose of this study is to determine the status of SDG3 indicators in European countries before the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, firstly, countries are clustered based on their health indicators given in the Europe Sustainable Development Report 2020 using cluster analysis. Having classified similar countries, each cluster has been examined by considering the effects of COVID-19 pandemic.

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