scholarly journals Closed Knight’s Tours on (m,n,r)-Ringboards

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Wasupol Srichote ◽  
Ratinan Boonklurb ◽  
Sirirat Singhun
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Perpendicular Direction ◽  
Knight’S Tour

A (legal) knight’s move is the result of moving the knight two squares horizontally or vertically on the board and then turning and moving one square in the perpendicular direction. A closed knight’s tour is a knight’s move that visits every square on a given chessboard exactly once and returns to its start square. A closed knight’s tour and its variations are studied widely over the rectangular chessboard or a three-dimensional rectangular box. For m,n>2r, an (m,n,r)-ringboard or (m,n,r)-annulus-board is defined to be an m×n chessboard with the middle part missing and the rim contains r rows and r columns. In this paper, we obtain that a (m,n,r)-ringboard with m,n≥3 and m,n>2r has a closed knight’s tour if and only if (a) m=n=3 and r=1 or (b) m,n≥7 and r≥3. If a closed knight’s tour on an (m,n,r)-ringboard exists, then it has symmetries along two diagonals.

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR SAN FRANCISCO TEMPLE IN MORELIA, MEXICO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 207-2016
Author(s):  
Guillermo Martinez ◽  
David Castillo ◽  
José Jara ◽  
Bertha Olmos
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Seismic Demands ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Cracking Pattern ◽  
The Temple

This paper presents a first approximation of the seismic vulnerability of a sixteenth century building which is part of the historical center of Morelia, Mexico. The city was declared World Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1991. The modeling and analysis of the building was carried out using a three-dimensional elastic tetrahedral finite elements model which was subjected to probabilistic seismic demands with recurrences of 500 yrs and 1000 yrs in addition to real seismic records. The model was able to correctly identify cracking pattern in different parts of the temple due to gravitational forces. High seismic vulnerability of the arched window and the walls of the middle part of the bell tower of the temple was indicated by the seismic analysis of the model.

Taxonomic description and 3D modelling of a new species of myzostomid (Annelida, Myzostomida) associated with black corals from Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4244 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS TERRANA ◽  
IGOR EECKHAUT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Black Corals ◽  
Organ Systems

Eenymeenymyzostoma nigrocorallium n. sp. is the first species of myzostomid worm associated with black corals to be described. Endoparasitic specimens of E. nigrocorallium were found associated with three species of antipatharians on the Great Reef of Toliara. Individuals inhabit the gastrovascular ducts of their hosts and evidence of infestation is, most of the time, not visible externally. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI data indicate a close relation to Eenymeenymyzostoma cirripedium, the only other species of the genus. The morphology of E. nigrocorallium is very unusual compared to that of the more conventional E. cirripedium. The new species has five pairs of extremely reduced parapodia located on the body margin and no introvert, cirri or lateral organs. Individuals are hermaphroditic, with the male and female gonads both being located dorsally in the trunk. It also has a highly developed parenchymo-muscular layer on the ventral side, and the digestive system lies in the middle part of the trunk. A three-dimensional digital model of this worm’s body plan has been constructed whereby the external morphology and in toto views of the observed organ systems (nervous, digestive and reproductive) can be viewed on-screen: http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17911.21923. 

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Rubber Used for Damping Bearing

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xu Zhao ◽  
Wen Jun Hu ◽  
Jun Mei ◽  
Niu Wei ◽  
Jian Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Deflection Curve ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Deflection Curve

After testing on T-type rubber bearing under tensile, compression and shear mechanical properties under different temperature in this paper. Obtained load deflection curve and destructive mode under different loading conditions at -40 and normal temperature of rubber components. Analysis the impact of temperature and the loading conditions that effect on load-elongation and destructive mode of T-type damping rubber structure. It showed that T-end rubber bearing has different kinds of deformation under different force-giving methods. Under compression, the stress pattern of the rubber bearing is three-dimensional and middle rubber bear the greatest force. Under tensile loading, the middle part of the rubber contract and the side with smaller lateral section has greater shrinkage; moreover, damage occurred in the area with stress concentration and weak strength. Under shearing action, extrude faces appeared with crinkle and damage occurred in the middle part of extrude faces. At the low temperature-40 , rubber support still has great elastic properties. The low temperature has a big effect on tensile properties and has little effect on damage properties.

Finite Element Simulation and Analysis for the Working Process of Working-Roll of Carder

2013 ◽  
Vol 670 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Bao Guo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Radial Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Work Roll ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analog Simulation ◽  
Roll Axis

The three-dimensional models of the Working-roll of Carder are founded by three-dimensional design software Solidworks and the working process of Working-rolls is simulated by finite element analysis software Cosmos, which obtain overall stress distribution for the Working-roll of Carder. The relations between the working-rolls with different thickness and different length of work roll axis and the stress, strain and radial displacement in the working process of working-rolls are attained by finite element analysis and the important factors of impact of work roll deformation are indicated by analog simulation. The results show that the maximum stress and maximum strain are occur in the place of roller connected with the axis rather than to appear in the middle part of roller and the radial displacement in the working process of working-rolls and the length of work roll axis are not directly relationship. The Finite element analysis results provide an important theoretical basis to design a reasonable the length of axis and the thickness of roller for the working-roll of carder.

scholarly journals Interactions between the Lipoprotein PilP and the Secretin PilQ in Neisseria meningitidis

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (15) ◽  
pp. 5716-5727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seetha V. Balasingham ◽  
Richard F. Collins ◽  
Reza Assalkhou ◽  
Håvard Homberset ◽  
Stephan A. Frye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Dna Uptake ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Pilus Biogenesis ◽  
Inner Membrane Protein ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

ABSTRACT Neisseria meningitidis can be the causative agent of meningitis or septicemia. This bacterium expresses type IV pili, which mediate a variety of functions, including autoagglutination, twitching motility, biofilm formation, adherence, and DNA uptake during transformation. The secretin PilQ supports type IV pilus extrusion and retraction, but it also requires auxiliary proteins for its assembly and localization in the outer membrane. Here we have studied the physical properties of the lipoprotein PilP and examined its interaction with PilQ. We found that PilP was an inner membrane protein required for pilus expression and transformation, since pilP mutants were nonpiliated and noncompetent. These mutant phenotypes were restored by the expression of PilP in trans. The pilP gene is located upstream of pilQ, and analysis of their transcripts indicated that pilP and pilQ were cotranscribed. Furthermore, analysis of the level of PilQ expression in pilP mutants revealed greatly reduced amounts of PilQ only in the deletion mutant, exhibiting a polar effect on pilQ transcription. In vitro experiments using recombinant fragments of PilP and PilQ showed that the N-terminal region of PilP interacted with the middle part of the PilQ polypeptide. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the PilQ-PilP interacting complex was obtained at low resolution by transmission electron microscopy, and PilP was shown to localize around the cap region of the PilQ oligomer. These findings suggest a role for PilP in pilus biogenesis. Although PilQ does not need PilP for its stabilization or membrane localization, the specific interaction between these two proteins suggests that they might have another coordinated activity in pilus extrusion/retraction or related functions.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Primozic ◽  
Giuseppe Perinetti ◽  
Stephen Richmond ◽  
Maja Ovsenik
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
T Test ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the degree of facial asymmetry associated with subjects with unilateral functional crossbite (CB) in the primary, early/intermediate, and late mixed dentition phases in comparison with a group of subjects without CB. Subjects and Methods: A group of 234 white subjects, 78 with CB (42 girls and 36 boys) and 156 without CB (73 girls and 83 boys), aged 3.9–11.9, grouped according to the dentition phase, were included. Three-dimensional laser scans of the subjects' faces were used to assess facial asymmetry. For each part of the face two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to assess differences among the subjects, and an independent sample t-test was used to assess the significance of the differences between data sets. Results: Within all dentition phases, the subjects with CB had statistically significantly greater facial asymmetry of the whole face than the subjects without CB, with the greatest values in the lower part of the face (P < .05). In the middle part of the face a significant difference was observed in the mixed dentition phases. Conclusions: Children with unilateral functional CB exhibited a greater facial asymmetry than children without this malocclusion in all the dentition phases herein investigated. The greatest differences were seen for the lower part of the face. Further, facial asymmetry in the middle part of the face became clinically relevant in combination with the transition from primary to mixed dentition phase.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Irrigation Effect of Continuous Flushing During Up-and-down Motion of Instruments Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxi Guo ◽  
Xin Shi ◽  
Xiangfen Li ◽  
Yuanxi Zhao ◽  
qin su
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Static Solution ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Irrigation Effect ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Abstract Background:The viscous environment caused by the rotation of Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments in a static solution inside the root canal during mechanical preparation may increase the difficulty of endodontic debridement and the risk of instrument fatigue fracture. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous flushing during up-and-down motion of instruments using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model.Results:After30s simulation,water entering the canal formed an "efficient replacement area" in upper part of the canal and transported to the apical part of the canal.Increasing the velocity and amplitude of the motion of the instrument caused less time of flushing water to reach the apical area; and the replacement of the original solution was primarily improved by increasing the amplitude.Conclusions:Continuous flushing during up-and-down movement of the instrument significantly helped to rapidly replace the original solution with water at the coronal and middle part of the canal and dilutedthe viscosity of the original solution to some extend in the whole canal.It is therefore beneficial to add continuous water flushing to the instruments used in the preparation process.Furthermore, the amplitude of the movement in file’s up-and-down motion should be appropriately increased to improve its irrigation effect in clinical practice.

Pontoon Torsional Strength Analysis Related to Ships with Large Deck Openings

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Ivo Senjanovic ◽  
Ying Fan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Torsional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

The torsional problem of a pontoon, consisting of channel middle part and rectangular tube peaks, isconsidered within the higher-order beam theory. The cross section and the contour compatibility conditions for assembling of the pontoon parts are investigated. The acceptability of the introduced assumptions is checked by three-dimensional finite-element model analysis. Some deficiencies of the classical beam theory regarding the girder stiffness are noticed. The finite-element formulation to be used for the torsional analysis of the ship's hull with large hatch openings is given.

Impact of the location of the fenestration on Fontan circulation haemodynamics: a three-dimensional, computational model study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1289-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Sughimoto ◽  
Yuta Asakura ◽  
Christian P. Brizard ◽  
Fuyou Liang ◽  
Takashi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Loss Index

AbstractObjectivesThere is no consensus or theoretical explanation regarding the optimal location for the fenestration during the Fontan operation. We investigated the impact of the location of the fenestration on Fontan haemodynamics using a three-dimensional Fontan model in various physiological conditions.MethodsA three-dimensional Fontan model was constructed on the basis of CT images, and a 4-mm-diameter fenestration was located between the extracardiac Fontan conduit and the right atrium at three positions: superior, middle, and inferior part of the conduit. Haemodynamics in the Fontan route were analysed using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model in realistic physiological conditions, which were predicted using a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system. The respiratory effect of the caval flow was taken into account. The flow rate through the fenestration, the effect of lowering the central venous pressure, and wall shear stress in the Fontan circuit were evaluated under central venous pressures of 10, 15, and 20 mmHg. The pulse power index and pulsatile energy loss index were calculated as energy loss indices.ResultsUnder all central venous pressures, the middle-part fenestration demonstrated the most significant effect on enhancing the flow rate through the fenestration while lowering the central venous pressure. The middle-part fenestration produced the highest time-averaged wall shear stress, pressure pulse index, and pulsatile energy loss index.ConclusionsDespite slightly elevated energy loss, the middle-part fenestration most significantly increased cardiac output and lowered central venous pressure under respiration in the Fontan circulation.

Closed knight’s tour problem on some (m,n,k,1)-rectangular tubes

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150094
Author(s):  
Sirirat Singhun ◽  
Nathaphat Loykaew ◽  
Ratinan Boonklurb ◽  
Wasupol Srichote
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rectangular Tube ◽  
Rectangular Tubes ◽  
Knight’S Tour

A closed knight’s tour of a normal two-dimensional chessboard by using legal moves of the knight has been generalized in several ways. One way is to consider a closed knight’s tour on a ringboard of width [Formula: see text], which is the [Formula: see text] chessboard with the middle part missing and the rim contains [Formula: see text] rows and [Formula: see text] columns. Another way is to stack [Formula: see text] copies of the [Formula: see text] chessboard to construct an [Formula: see text] rectangular chessboard and the closed knight’s tour can be on the surface or within the [Formula: see text] rectangular chessboard. This paper combines these two ideas by stacking [Formula: see text] copies of [Formula: see text] ringboard of width [Formula: see text], which we call the [Formula: see text]-rectangular tube. We explore the existence and the nonexistence of closed knight’s tours for [Formula: see text]-tube and [Formula: see text]-tube.

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