3D Printing Polymeric Materials for Robots with Embedded Systems

The fabrication of robots and their embedded systems is challenging due to the complexity of the interacting components. The integration of additive manufacturing (AM) to robotics has made advancements in robotics manufacturing through sophisticated and state-of-the-art AM technologies and materials. With the emergence of 3D printing, 3D printing materials are also being considered and engineered for specific applications. This study reviews different 3D printing materials for 3D printing embedded robotics. Materials such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), flexible photopolymers, silicone, and elastomer-based materials were found to be the most used 3D printing materials due to their suitability for robotic applications. This review paper revealed that the key areas requiring more research are material formulations for improved mechanical properties, cost, and the inclusion of materials for specific applications. Future perspectives are also provided.

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Analysis of thermomechanical properties of polymeric materials produced by a 3D printing method

Tehnički glasnik ◽

10.31803/tg-20191102120738 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 343-348

Author(s):

Adam Gnatowski ◽

Rafał Gołębski ◽

Piotr Sikora

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Dynamic Properties ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Thermomechanical Properties ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer ◽

Butadiene Styrene

A comparative analysis of the thermomechanical properties of semicrystalline and amorphous polymeric materials was carried out. Samples were produced by using a 3D printing technology on the SIGNAL printer - ATMAT. The following polymeric materials were used to make the samples: TPU-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ABScopolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, Nosewood, PET-ethylene terephthalate, PLA-poly (lactic acid). The research included a thermal analysis of the dynamic properties (DMTA) of manufactured materials.

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Tests of mechanical properties of semicrystalline and amorphous polymeric materials produced by 3D printing

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201925406003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 254 ◽

pp. 06003

Author(s):

Piotr Sikora ◽

Adam Gnatowski ◽

Rafał Gołębski

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Pressing Method ◽

Butadiene Styrene

The article presents the results of tests of physical properties of samples from semi-crystalline and amorphous polymeric materials produced using 3D printing. Samples were produced using 3D printing technology on the SIGNAL -ATMAT printer. The following polymeric materials were used to make the samples: TPU thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, Laywood, PET ethylene terephthalate, PLA poly (lactic acid). The materials were tested for their mechanical properties. The hardness was determined by the Shore method and the ball-pressing method. The tensile strength also was determined. The research samples were subjected to visual analysis on a Keyence microscope to analyze the breakthrough site.

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Electromechanical Assessment and Induced Temperature Measurement of Carbon Fiber Tows under Tensile Condition

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4234

Author(s):

Samir Mekid ◽

Hammam Daraghma ◽

Salem Bashmal

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

3D Printing ◽

Tensile Test ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Break Point ◽

Host Material ◽

Special Focus ◽

Host Materials ◽

Butadiene Styrene

The paper presents an investigation and analysis of the electromechanical and thermal characteristics of the carbon fiber alone as single tow and embedded in host materials such as polymer e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using 3D printing. While carbon fibers can partially reinforce the structure, they can act as sensors to monitor the structural health of the host material. The piezo-resistive behavior was examined without any pretreatment of the carbon fiber under tensile test in both cases. Special focus on the filaments clamping types and their effects was observed. An auxetic behavior was exhibited; otherwise, the free part shows elastic and yielding ranges with break point at high resistance. An induced temperature of the carbon fiber was measured during the tensile test to show low variation. The carbon fiber can provide strength contribution to the host material depending on the percentage of filling the material in 3D printing. The relative variation of the electrical resistance increases by 400% while embedded in the host material, but decreases as the tows filament density increases from 1 to 12 K.

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The Use of 3D Printing to Introduce Students to ASTM Standards for Testing Tensile Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Material

10.18260/p.27027 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Rex Kanu ◽

Caleb Hale ◽

Patrick Piper

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Plastic Material ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-Nanosilica Reinforced Nanocomposites for Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/416/1/012086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 416 ◽

pp. 012086 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P Kyratsis ◽

D Tzetzis

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Testing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Materials for Biomimetic Robotic Applications

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.20.11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 11-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tran Linh Khuong ◽

Zhao Gang ◽

Muhammad Farid ◽

Rao Yu ◽

Zhuang Zhi Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

3D Printing ◽

Rapid Prototyping ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Butadiene Styrene

Biomimetic robots borrow their structure, senses and behavior from animals, such as humans or insects, and plants. Biomimetic design is design ofa machine, a robot or a system in engineeringdomain thatmimics operational and/orbehavioral model of a biological system in nature. 3D printing technology has another name as rapid prototyping technology. Currently it is being developed fastly and widely and is applied in many fields like the jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industry, education, geographic information system, civil engineering, guns. 3D printing technology is able to manufacture complicated, sophisticated details that the traditional processing method cannot manufacture. Therefore, 3D printing technology can be seen as an effective tool in biomimetic, which can accurately simulate most of the biological structure. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a technology of the typical rapid prototyping. The main content of the article is the focusing on tensile strength test of the ABS-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material after using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, concretization after it’s printed by UP2! 3D printer. The article focuses on two basic features which are Tensile Strength and Determination of flexural properties.

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The Effect of Disinfectants Absorption and Medical Decontamination on the Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13234249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 4249

Author(s):

Diana Popescu ◽

Florin Baciu ◽

Catalin Gheorghe Amza ◽

Cosmin Mihai Cotrut ◽

Rodica Marinescu

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Air Gaps ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Gas Plasma ◽

3D Printed ◽

Butadiene Styrene

Producing parts by 3D printing based on the material extrusion process determines the formation of air gaps within layers even at full infill density, while external pores can appear between adjacent layers making prints permeable. For the 3D-printed medical devices, this open porosity leads to the infiltration of disinfectant solutions and body fluids, which might pose safety issues. In this context, this research purpose is threefold. It investigates which 3D printing parameter settings are able to block or reduce permeation, and it experimentally analyzes if the disinfectants and the medical decontamination procedure degrade the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts. Then, it studies acetone surface treatment as a solution to avoid disinfectants infiltration. The absorption tests results indicate the necessity of applying post-processing operations for the reusable 3D-printed medical devices as no manufacturing settings can ensure enough protection against fluid intake. However, some parameter settings were proven to enhance the sealing, in this sense the layer thickness being the most important factor. The experimental outcomes also show a decrease in the mechanical performance of 3D-printed ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) instruments treated by acetone cold vapors and then medical decontaminated (disinfected, cleaned, and sterilized by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization) in comparison to the control prints. These results should be acknowledged when designing and 3D printing medical instruments.

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Modelling and Investigation of Crack Growth for 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with Various Printing Parameters and Ambient Temperatures

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13213737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3737

Author(s):

Yousef Lafi A. Alshammari ◽

Feiyang He ◽

Muhammad A. Khan

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Structural Dynamic ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Nozzle Size ◽

Printing Parameters ◽

Butadiene Styrene

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the significant industrial manufacturing methods in the modern era. Many materials are used for 3D printing; however, as the most used material in fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) offers good mechanical properties. It is perfect for making structures for industrial applications in complex environments. Three-dimensional printing parameters, including building orientation, layers thickness, and nozzle size, critically affect the crack growth in FDM structures under complex loads. Therefore, this paper used the dynamic bending vibration test to investigate their influence on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate under dynamic loads and the Paris power law constant C and m. The paper proposed an analytical solution to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip based on the measurement of structural dynamic response. The experimental results show that the lower ambient temperature, as well as increased nozzle size and layer thickness, provide a lower FCG rate. The printing orientation, which is the same as loading, also slows the crack growth. The linear regression between these parameters and Paris Law’s coefficient also proves the same conclusion.

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Biomaterials: Polylactic Acid and 3D Printing Processes for Orthosis and Prosthesis

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.17.1.4794 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roxana Miclaus ◽

Angela Repanovici ◽

Nadinne Roman

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

The Past ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Butadiene Styrene

Since the development of 3D printing, over the past decades, the domain of application has evolved significantly! Concerning the orthosis and prosthesis manufacturing, the 3D printing offers many possibilities for developing new medical devices for people with disabilities. Our paper wish to synthetize the main 3D printing methods and the biomaterial properties which can be used in orthosis and prosthesis manufacturing, like polylactic acid or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Fused Deposition Modeling and Stereo lithography are most used for medical devices manufacturing and usually using polylactic acid, considering the properties of this polymer and de organic componence.

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