scholarly journals The Influence of Herbicides to Marine Organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Artemia salina

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Radek Vurm ◽  
Lucia Tajnaiová ◽  
Jana Kofroňová
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Ecotoxicity Test ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
Environmental Compartments

The aim of this work was to determine the toxic effect of the most used herbicides on marine organisms, the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, and the crustacean Artemia salina. The effect of these substances was evaluated using a luminescent bacterial test and an ecotoxicity test. The results showed that half maximal inhibitory concentration for A. fischeri is as follows: 15minIC50 (Roundup® Classic Pro) = 236 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Kaput® Premium) = 2475 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Banvel® 480 S) = 2637 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Lontrel 300) = 7596 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Finalsan®) = 64 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (glyphosate) = 7934 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (dicamba) = 15,937 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (clopyralid) = 10,417 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (nonanoic acid) = 16,040 µg.l−1. Median lethal concentrations for A. salina were determined as follows: LC50 (Roundup® Classic Pro) = 18 µg.l−1, LC50 (Kaput® Premium) = 19 µg.l−1, LC50 (Banvel® 480 S) = 2519 µg.l−1, LC50 (Lontrel 300) = 1796 µg.l−1, LC50 (Finalsan®) = 100 µg.l−1, LC50 (glyphosate) = 811 µg.l−1, LC50 (dicamba) = 3705 µg.l−1, LC50 (clopyralid) = 2800 µg.l−1, LC50 (nonanoic acid) = 7493 µg.l−1. These findings indicate the need to monitor the herbicides used for all environmental compartments.

scholarly journals KAJIAN TOKSISITAS DARI TUBUH BUAH Ganoderma lucidum DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BST)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ross Nurul Rohmah ◽  
Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas ◽  
Ari Asnani
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Body Extract

Ganoderma lucidum is polyporus fungi from Basidiomycetes which can be used as traditional medicines. Toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method using Artemia salina was conducted to find out toxic effect of G.lucidum. An extract would have toxic effect if the LC50 < 1000 µg/ml. The aims of this experiment were to know about the toxicity level from G.lucidum with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method and determined the concentration of fruiting body extract of G.lucidum which had the best toxicity effect in LC50. There were two extraction methods used in this experiment, first one stage extraction and then multilevel extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each solvent was made in 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 125 ppm. This process was repeated for three times. This experiment used G.lucidum extract which was tested to A.salina and secunder compound metabolit test from the most toxic G. lucidum was done with phytochemical analysis. The result indicated that fruiting body extract from G.lucidum could kill A.salina because all extract was positively contained alkaloid and terpenoid but negatively contained flavonoid. Fruiting body extract from G.lucidum which had lowest LC50 wass ethyl asetat extract with one stage extraction in concentration 53,70 ppm and highest LC50 was ethanol extract with multilevel extraction in concentration 501,18 ppm.

scholarly journals Comparison of Short-Term Toxicity of 14 Common Phycotoxins (Alone and in Combination) To The Survival of Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Zhang ◽  
Shanshan SONG ◽  
Bin ZHANG ◽  
Yang ZHANG ◽  
Miao TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated. On the basis of 48 h LC50, the order of toxicity in A. salina was AZA3 (with a LC50 of 0.0203 µg/ml)＞AZA2 (0.0273 µg/ml) ＞PTX2 (0.0396 µg/ml)＞DTX1 (0.0819 µg/ml)＞AZA1 (0.106 µg/ml)＞ SPX1 (0.144 µg/ml)＞YTX (0.172 µg/ml)＞dcSTX (0.668 µg/ml)＞OA (0.728 µg/ml)＞STX (1.042 µg/ml)＞GYM (1.069 µg/ml)＞PbTx3 (1.239 µg/ml)＞hYTX (1.799 µg/ml)＞PbTx2 (2.415 µg/ml). For the binary exposure, additive effects of OA and DTX1, DTX1 and hYTX; antagonistic effects of OA and PTX2, OA and STX; and synergetic effects of DTX1 and STX, DTX1 and YTX, DTX1 and PTX2, PTX2 and hYTX on the mortality of A. salina were observed. These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.

Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of novel abietane diterpenoids with activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3109-3124
Author(s):  
Macarena Funes Chabán ◽  
Antonia I Antoniou ◽  
Catherine Karagianni ◽  
Dimitra Toumpa ◽  
Mariana Belén Joray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Abietane Diterpenoids ◽  
Relationship Study

Aim: To find alternative compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), novel derivatives from dehydroabietic acid were synthesized. Methods & results: Compound 12 was the most effective against 15 MRSA and 11 MSSA with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 3.9 to 15.6 μg/ml. Although less active than 12, compound 11, followed by 25 and 13, also exhibited anti-staphylococcal activity. Additional studies showed that compound 12 is devoid of toxic effect on non-target cells. A structure–activity relationship study revealed that an oxime at C-13 together with a hydroxyl at C-12 could play a key role in the activity. Conclusion: These structures, in particular compound 12, could arise as templates for the development of agents against MRSA and MSSA.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Coumarin Mammeisin Isolated from Species of theKielmeyeraGenre (Family: Clusiaceae or Guttiferae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helcio Cassemiro Marcondes ◽  
Tânia T. de Oliveira ◽  
Jason G. Taylor ◽  
Moisés Hamoy ◽  
Arman do Leonel Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Coumarin mammeisin isolated fromKielmeyera elatawas evaluated for its toxicity and antifungal activities. The toxicity of mammeisin was investigated by utilizing theArtemia salinamethodology to determine its LD50value. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fungiCandidasp. was assessed for mammeisin, presenting equivalent activity to ketoconazole but displaying better results than fluconazole.

scholarly journals Evaluation of toxic effects with transition metal ions, EDTA, SBTI and acrylic polymers on Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Artemia salina (artemidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo José de Arruda ◽  
Ana Paula Leão Rossi ◽  
Karla Rejane de Andrade Porto ◽  
Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Haruko Arakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Acrylic Polymers ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

This work aimed to evaluate the toxicity of some insecticides compounds on Aedes aegypti and Artemia salina larvae. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the toxic effect after of 24 and 72 h using the compounds or associations. The LC10, LC50 and LC90 values were obtained and utilized for toxicity comparations. For Ae. aegypti, LC50 were 32.65 mg L-1 in 24 h for Na2[EDTA-Cu(II)] and total mortality in 72 h for SAP-Na2[EDTA-Cu(II)].

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antibacterial activity and preliminary toxicity analysis of four varieties of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daieni Alves Vieira Amado ◽  
Giovani Andrey Bet Helmann ◽  
Alessandra Maria Detoni ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Colucci de Carvalho ◽  
Caroline Mariana de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Toxicity Analysis

Abstract The antioxidant and antibacterial activity and toxicity of natural products can change according to plant variety, as well as the part of the plant which is analyzed. In this study, peel, pulp and seed of four avocado varieties (Quintal, Fortuna, Margarida, and Hass) were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial properties and toxicity. There are few studies in the literature comparing these three first varieties. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability Power) methods, along with the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Principal component analysis was applied for antioxidant tests. Antibacterial activity against food pathogens was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. Toxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina and also by hemolytic activity. The ethanolic extract of Quintal variety peel presented the greatest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This same extract showed no toxicity in the preliminary tests, and shows great potential for food industry application as an additive.

scholarly journals Activated carbon from termite feces impregnated with silver: Preparation and evaluation of antimicrobial activity and ecotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Giovanna Manesco ◽  
Carla Albertina Demarchi ◽  
Alexandre Bella Cruz ◽  
Jean Felipe Fossá Calisto ◽  
Rafael Martello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

Silver has a potent antimicrobial action, but its use is still restricted due to toxicity and aggregation problems. Impregnation with active carbon (AC) has been suggested as an alternative to solve this problem. In this study, termite feces were used to prepare composites containing silver nanoparticles and AC. Reducing agents and different amounts of H2 SO4 and silver were used. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the kinetics of microbial growth of S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. Phytotoxicity and acute toxicity were assessed for Cucumis sativus and Artemia salina. The composites that presented MIC 500 μg/mL for S. aureus and E. coli were AC25Ag (6 μg/mL Ag) and AC25AgB (78 μg/mL Ag), respectively. AC6AgS showed antimicrobial activity in C. albicans with MIC of 500 μg/mL (23 μg/mL Ag). AC25AgB inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli for 48 and 32 h, respectively. At a concentration of 10 g/L, the compounds showed deleterious effects on seedling germination and elongation and on the chlorophyll synthesis of C. sativus. The composites showed no toxicity to A. salina. Based on these results, AC25AgB has the potential to be used in water disinfection.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Longiverbenone Isolated from the Rhizome of Cyperus scariosu

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
M Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chromatographic Technique

Longiverbenone is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene isolated from ethanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus rhizome by solvent-solvent portioning and chromatographic technique. The antibacterial activity of longiverbenone was evaluated against eleven potential human pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth macrodilution method. Cytotoxic activity (lethal concentration 50%, LC50) of longiverbenone was determined on new borne brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Longiverbenone showed moderate to good antibacterial activity against the test organisms tested herein. It exhibited the lowest MIC (20 μg/ml) and MBC (80 μg/ml) against Vibrio cholerae. The LC50 of the isolated sesquiterpene was found to be 14.38 μg/ml against new borne brine shrimp. Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Cytotoxic activity (LC50); Cyperus scariosu; Longiverbenone; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4866 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 82-84

Toxic effect of Croton rudolphianus leaf essential oil against Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and Artemia salina

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106102
Author(s):  
Ingridd Ayslane T.A. Ribeiro ◽  
José Luiz F. Sá ◽  
Maíra V. Lima ◽  
Shyrlane T.S. Veras ◽  
Júlio César R.O.F. Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Field Populations of Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée) to Cry1Ac, the Protein Expressed in Bt Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Bangladesh

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Zulfikar Haider Prodhan ◽  
Dattatray K. Shirale ◽  
Md. Zaherul Islam ◽  
Md. Jahangir Hossain ◽  
Vijay Paranjape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Limited Basis

Eggplant (Solanum melongena Linn.), or brinjal, was engineered to express an insecticidal protein (Cry1Ac) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and commercialized in Bangladesh on a limited basis in 2014. As part of an insect resistance management strategy, studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the targeted insect pest, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenée), to Cry1Ac using a diet-incorporation bioassay method. Eighteen populations of L. orbonalis were collected from the main brinjal growing areas in 17 districts of Bangladesh during 2018–2019 and assayed. Larvae from each population were reared to adults and allowed to mate. Eggs from the matings were allowed to hatch, and neonates were used for bioassays. Bioassays were performed with different concentrations of Cry1Ac and an untreated control. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) ranged between 0.035 and 0.358 ppm and molt inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values ranged from 0.008 to 0.181 ppm. Variation in susceptibility among field populations was 10.22-fold for LC50 and 22.63-fold for MIC50. These results were compared to values from 73 populations in India. Overall, the results showed similar natural variation and suggest that these Bangladeshi values can be used as benchmarks for resistance monitoring as Bt brinjal becomes more widely adopted in Bangladesh.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document