Antioxidant and antibacterial activity and preliminary toxicity analysis of four varieties of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)

Abstract The antioxidant and antibacterial activity and toxicity of natural products can change according to plant variety, as well as the part of the plant which is analyzed. In this study, peel, pulp and seed of four avocado varieties (Quintal, Fortuna, Margarida, and Hass) were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial properties and toxicity. There are few studies in the literature comparing these three first varieties. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability Power) methods, along with the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Principal component analysis was applied for antioxidant tests. Antibacterial activity against food pathogens was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. Toxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina and also by hemolytic activity. The ethanolic extract of Quintal variety peel presented the greatest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This same extract showed no toxicity in the preliminary tests, and shows great potential for food industry application as an additive.

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Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Longiverbenone Isolated from the Rhizome of Cyperus scariosu

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4866 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 82-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Shafiqur Rahman ◽

M Nural Anwar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chromatographic Technique

Longiverbenone is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene isolated from ethanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus rhizome by solvent-solvent portioning and chromatographic technique. The antibacterial activity of longiverbenone was evaluated against eleven potential human pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth macrodilution method. Cytotoxic activity (lethal concentration 50%, LC50) of longiverbenone was determined on new borne brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Longiverbenone showed moderate to good antibacterial activity against the test organisms tested herein. It exhibited the lowest MIC (20 μg/ml) and MBC (80 μg/ml) against Vibrio cholerae. The LC50 of the isolated sesquiterpene was found to be 14.38 μg/ml against new borne brine shrimp. Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Cytotoxic activity (LC50); Cyperus scariosu; Longiverbenone; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4866 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 82-84

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In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.04.0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (04) ◽

pp. 4512

Author(s):

Jackie K. Obey ◽

Anthoney Swamy T* ◽

Lasiti Timothy ◽

Makani Rachel

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

E Coli ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

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Antibacterial Activity of Moroccan Zantaz Honey and the Influence of Its Physicochemical Parameters Using Chemometric Tools

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4675

Author(s):

Youssef Elamine ◽

Hamada Imtara ◽

Maria Graça Miguel ◽

Ofélia Anjos ◽

Letícia M. Estevinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Atlas Mountains ◽

Methyl Syringate ◽

Chemometric Tools

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has prompted the development of alternative therapies, including the use of natural products with antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of Zantaz honey produced in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated and analyzed using chemometric tools. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus were the lowest (112.5 ± 54.5 mg/mL), revealing that this species was most sensitive to Zantaz honey. P. aeruginosa showed an intermediate sensitivity (MIC= 118.75 ± 51.9 mg/mL), while E. coli was the most resistant to treatment (MIC = 175 ± 61.2 mg/mL). Content of monosaccharides, certain minerals, and phenolic compounds correlated with antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis of physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity indicated that the parameters most associated with antibacterial activity were color, acidity, and content of melanoidins, fructose, epicatechin, methyl syringate, 4-coumaric acid, and 3-coumaric acid.

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In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v4i1.4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Bashir ◽

I Yusuf ◽

AS Kutama

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Test Organism ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

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Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences ◽

10.13005/ojps01.0102.02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 05-09 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel L. Oputah ◽

Kolawole O. Ajanaku ◽

Raphael C. Mordi ◽

Joseph A. O. Olugbuyiro ◽

Shade J. Olorunshola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Seed Extracts ◽

African Star Apple

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract of the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) were investigated. The phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The antibacterial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations against six pathogenic bacterial strains, three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus varians and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the ethanolic seed extracts for all test organisms except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of the crude ethanolic extract was correlated with that of a standard antibiotic Gentamicin, for antibacterial activity. The results indicated a notable inhibition of the bacterial growth.

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Antibacterial evaluation of Styrax pohlii and isolated compounds

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502013000400004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 653-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Camila Spereta Bertanha ◽

Susane Hellen Utrera ◽

Valéria Maria Melleiro Gimenez ◽

Milton Groppo ◽

Márcio Luis Andrade e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Weak Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mic Value

The antibacterial activity of the compounds egonol (1) and homoegonol (2), of the crude ethanolic extract of Styrax pohlii (Styracaceae) aerial parts (EE), and of its n-hexane (HF), EtOAc (EF), n-BuOH (BF), and hydromethanolic (HMF) fractions was evaluated against the following microorganisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 6305), S. pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Haemophilus influenzae (ATCC 10211), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031). The broth microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during preliminary evaluation of antibacterial activity. The EE yielded MIC values of 400 µg/mL for S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and 300 µg/mL for H. influenzae. The HF and EF fractions exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 200 µg/mL against S. pneumoniae, but only EF displayed activity against H. influenzae (MIC 200 µg/mL). The best MIC value with compounds 1 and 2 (400 µg/mL) was obtained for (1) against S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, 1 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against these standard strains.

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Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of the Crude Extracts of the Leaves of Carica papaya Linn (Pawpaw) and Psidium guajava Linn (Guava)

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2019/v28i130120 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priscilla Alexander ◽

Ismaila Yada Sudi ◽

Martin Tizhe

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

E Coli ◽

Active Inhibition ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Alternative Antibiotic

Psidium Guajava (Guava) and Carica Papaya leaves which have some ethnomedicinal applications were investigated. Phytochemical screening of their leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and glycosides. Antimicrobial screening of the crude ethanolic extracts showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for P. gujava on the organism was found to be 5.00 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli and S. faecalis, while that of C. papaya leaves is 10.00 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli and 8.00 mg/ml against S. faecalis respectively. C. papaya ethanolic extract showed more active inhibition against S. aureus with mean zone inhibition of 9.54 ± 0.03. P. gujava ethanolic extract has more active inhibition against E. coli with antibacterial activity with mean zone of inhibition of 10.44±0.02 and S. faecalis with mean zone of inhibition of 6.72 ± 0.01 respectively. This study showed that the leaves extract of these plants are good sources of bioactive compounds. Demonstration of antibacterial activity against the test isolates is an indication that there is possibility of sourcing alternative antibiotic substances in these plants for the production of newer antibacterial agents. These plants therefore, could be an important source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases.

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Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract from Tempuyung Leaf (Sonchus arvensis L.) againts Salmonella typhi by In Vitro Study

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v2i2.2777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rinda Yanuarisa ◽

Dini Agustina ◽

Ali Santosa

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Control Group ◽

Natural Material ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Sonchus Arvensis

Tifoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) is endemic disease in Indonesia. S. typhi begin to resist to chloramphenicol, so it is necessary to study about natural material as traditional medicine such as tempuyung. The aim of this research was to study antibacterial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract from tempuyung leaf (Sonchus arvensis L.) againts growth of S. typhi. This research used quasy experimental methods with post test only control group design. Treatment consisted of 8 concentrations with 5 replications was 2,5 µg/disc, 5 µg/disc, 10 µg/disc, 20 µg/disc, 30 µg/disc, 40 µg/disc, 60 µg/disc, and 80 µg/disc. As much as 10 µl from each concentration was dropped into disc and placed in Mueller Hinton Agar. Then incubated for 18 hours to 37oC. Observation of bacterial inhibition zone by using a caliper. Result of this research that the leaf extract at a concentration 10 µg/disc, 20 µg/disc, 30 µg/disc, 40 µg/disc, 60 µg/disc, and 80 µg/disc can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ethanolic extract from tempuyung leaf was 10 µg/disc qualitatively and 4,43 µg/disc quantitatively. Key words: Sonchus arvensis L., Salmonella typhi, antibacterial

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Uji Antibakteri Sediaan Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea ameicana Mill.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis sebagai Antijerawat

Jurnal MIPA ◽

10.35799/jmuo.8.3.2019.25773 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Esterlina Aldora Puluh ◽

Hosea Jaya Edy ◽

Jainer Pasca Siampa

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Inhibitory Ability ◽

Activity Test

Daun Alpukat memiliki kandungan antara lain saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, quersetin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun Alpukat dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% dan 0.3%. Ekstrak tanaman daun alpukat diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan diameter zona hambat 3 mm ± 0,32 dan kemampuan daya hambat dikategorikan lemah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off yaitu pada konsentrasi 0.3% dan dikategorikan kemampuan daya hambat lemahAvocado leaves contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetin which are as antibacterial properties. This study aims to obtain the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation based on antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Avocado leaf extract peel off mask gel formula is made with a concentration variation of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% and 0.3%. Avocado leaf extract is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial testing with the largest inhibition zone diameter wells method is at a concentration of 0.3% with a diameter of inhibition zone 3 mm ± 0.32 and the ability of inhibition is categorized as weak. It can be concluded that the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) Which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation is at a concentration of 0.3% and categorized as weak inhibitory ability

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Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) frente a bacterias nosocomiales en Montería, Colombia

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v64i3.20848 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nelson Méndez Álvarez ◽

Alberto Angulo Ortíz ◽

Orfa Contreras Martínez

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Clinical Isolate ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Future Research ◽

E Coli

Bacterial resistance is a growing health problem worldwide that has serious economic and social impacts, compromising public health, and the therapeutic action of current antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new compounds with antimicrobial properties is relevant in modern studies, particularly against bacteria of clinical interest. In the present study, in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and essential oil of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) was evaluated against nosocomial bacteria, using the microdilution method. Escherichia coli strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp. were used, Salmonella sp. and Bacillus sp., isolated from nosocomial infections in a hospital in the city of Monteria and reference strains of S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922 and K. pneumonia ATCC 700603. The ethanol extract antibacterial profile was more efficient at higher concentrations (1 000 ppm), obtaining significant percentages of reduction of more than 50 % against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and a clinical isolate of E. coli; while compared to Bacillus clinical isolate, was more active than the essential oil. For the rest of microorganisms, the reduction percentages obtained at a concentration of 1 000 ppm varied between 17 and 42 % with ethanolic extract, and 8 to 43 % with essential oil. At concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm antibacterial activity of the extracts was lower. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract and essential oil of C. longa rhizomes have active compounds with antibacterial properties that could be used in future research as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of infections caused by nosocomial pathogens.

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