The article presents the method of obtaining data on the amount of heavy metals (HM), which enter to the near-motorways geosystems with vehicle emissions, with their refinement in accordance with the natural and anthropogenic features of the territory. Firstly, the model calculations take into account the intensity of the impact of the emission source, which depends on the parameters of the traffic flow. To clarify the amount of fuel consumed and, the emissions, as a result, were proposed: indicator Рf,, that defining part of cars, which used different types of fuel in a transport group. The need for this indicator is determined by the fact that different types of fuel have a varied spectrum of impurities in the exhaust gases, as a result of which they are sources of emission of various heavy metals. The next corrective indicator is Рf (age m), which determines the part of cars with different periods of use, because the amount of fuel used depends on it. The “refined” data thus obtained allows us to calculate the amount of heavy metals that “delivers” the traffic flow in a section of a highway during a certain period of time. Secondly, the methodology takes into account the natural conditions of the territory, which determine the spatial characteristics of the primary field of pollution. Because the natural features of the territory also affect changes in fuel consumption. In accordance with this, a number of coefficients are introduced in the calculation methods. Orographic coefficients allow taking into account the differences in fuel consumption by the traffic flow on the road sections with different absolute heights (Кa.h.) and the slope of the roadway (Кsl). Climatic “corrective” coefficients make it possible to clarify the additional fuel consumption arising from the operation of a vehicle on days with low temperatures (coefficient Кt) and days with adverse weather conditions (coefficient Кex). It will be possible to talk about the estimated amount of fuel consumed and, as a consequence, the emissions of heavy metals that form the primary field of contamination.
The proposed approach allows determining the degree of influence of motor transport to the near-motorways geosystems and is part of a general algorithm that describes the formation of actual level of contamination in the soil of near-motorways geosystems by heavy metal compounds.
The actual level of contamination, in the proposed algorithm, is proposed to be defined as the difference between the volumes of HM, which were introduced into the soil of geosystems for a certain period of time and taken out of its limits and / or excluded from migration flows during the same time interval.
Effects of Co-Exposure of Nanoparticles and Metals on Different Organisms: A Review
