scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Naja pallida and Naja mossambica Venoms against Three Candida Species

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kuna ◽  
Aleksandra Bocian ◽  
Konrad K. Hus ◽  
Vladimir Petrilla ◽  
Monika Petrillova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
High Concentrations

In contrast to comprehensively investigated antibacterial activity of snake venoms, namely crude venoms and their selected components, little is known about antifungal properties of elapid snake venoms. In the present study, the proteome of two venoms of red spitting cobra Naja pallida (NPV) and Mozambique spitting cobra Naja mossambica (NMV) was characterized using LC-MS/MS approach, and the antifungal activity of crude venoms against three Candida species was established. A complex response to venom treatment was revealed. NPV and NMV, when used at relatively high concentrations, decreased cell viability of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, affected cell cycle of C. albicans, inhibited C. tropicalis-based biofilm formation and promoted oxidative stress in C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis cells. NPV and NMV also modulated ammonia pulses during colony development and aging in three Candida species. All these observations provide evidence that NPV and NMV may diminish selected pathogenic features of Candida species. However, NPV and NMV also promoted the secretion of extracellular phospholipases that may facilitate Candida pathogenicity and limit their usefulness as anti-candidal agents. In conclusion, antifungal activity of snake venoms should be studied with great caution and a plethora of pathogenic biomarkers should be considered in the future experiments.

scholarly journals Boswellia serrata Extract as an Antibiofilm Agent against Candida spp.

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Petr Jaroš ◽  
Maria Vrublevskaya ◽  
Kristýna Lokočová ◽  
Jana Michailidu ◽  
Irena Kolouchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Boswellic Acid ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Boswellia Serrata

The use of antibiotics or antifungals to control infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms is currently insufficiently effective because of their emerging resistance. Thanks to the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm and thus increase their resistance to administered drugs even more, modern medicine faces the task of finding novel substances to combat infections caused by them. In this regard, the effects of essential oils or plant extracts are often studied. Among the relatively neglected plants is Boswellia serrata, which has a high content of biologically active boswellic acids. In this study, we focused on one of the most common nosocomial infections, which are caused by Candida species. The most common representative is C. albicans, although the number of infections caused by non-albicans species has recently been increasing. We focused on the antifungal activity of Boswellia serrata extract Bioswellix against planktonic and adhering cells of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. The antifungal activity against adhering cells was further explored by determining the metabolic activity of cells (MTT) and determining the total amount of biofilm using crystal violet. Boswellic acid-containing plant extract was shown to suppress the growth of a suspension population of all tested Candida species. Boswellia serrata extract Bioswellix was most effective in inhibiting C. albicans biofilm formation.

Antifungal Activity Directed Toward the Cell Wall by 2-Cyclohexylidenhydrazo- 4-Phenyl-Thiazole Against Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nívea P. de Sá ◽  
Ana P. Pôssa ◽  
Pilar Perez ◽  
Jaqueline M.S. Ferreira ◽  
Nayara C. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mic Value

<p>Background: The increasing incidence of invasive forms of candidiasis and resistance to antifungal therapy leads us to seek new and more effective antifungal compounds. </P><P> Objective: To investigate the antifungal activity and toxicity as well as to evaluate the potential targets of 2- cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-phenyl-thiazole (CPT) in Candida albicans. </P><P> Methods: The antifungal activity of CPT against the survival of C. albicans was investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, we determined the effect of CPT on the inhibition of C. albicans adhesion capacity to buccal epithelial cells (BECs), the toxicity of CPT in mammalian cells, and the potential targets of CPT in C. albicans. </P><P> Results: CPT exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.4-1.9 µg/mL. Furthermore, CPT at high concentrations (>60 x MIC) showed no or low toxicity in HepG2 cells and <1% haemolysis in human erythrocytes. In addition, CPT decreased the adhesion capacity of yeasts to the BECs and prolonged the survival of C. elegans infected with C. albicans. Analysis of CPT-treated cells showed that their cell wall was thinner than that of untreated cells, especially the glucan layer. We found that there was a significantly lower quantity of 1,3-β-D-glucan present in CPT-treated cells than that in untreated cells. Assays performed on several mutant strains showed that the MIC value of CPT was high for its antifungal activity on yeasts with defective 1,3-β-glucan synthase. </P><P> Conclusion: In conclusion, CPT appears to target the cell wall of C. albicans, exhibits low toxicity in mammalian cells, and prolongs the survival of C. elegans infected with C. albicans.</p>

Hydrogen peroxide and quercetin induced changes on cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Mine Yılmaz ◽  
Gökhan Biçim ◽  
Kübra Toprak ◽  
Betül Karademir Yılmaz ◽  
Irina Milisav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Proteasome Activity ◽  
Cell Cycle Phases ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Quercetin Treatment

Background: Different cellular responses influence the progress of cancer. In this study, we have investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide and quercetin induced changes on cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Methods: The effects of hydrogen peroxide and quercetin on cell viability, cell cycle phases and oxidative stress related cellular changes were investigated. Cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay. Apoptosis rate, cell cycle phase changes and oxidative stress were measured by flow cytometry. Protein expressions of p21, p27, p53, NF-Kβ-p50 and proteasome activity were determined by Western blot and fluorometry, respectively. Results: Hydrogen peroxide and quercetin treatment resulted in decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Proteasome activity was increased by hydrogen peroxide but decreased by quercetin treatment. Conclusion: Both agents resulted in decreased p53 protein expression and increased cell death by different mechanisms regarding proteostasis and cell cycle phases.

Dual effect of oxidized LDL on cell cycle in human endothelial cells through oxidative stress

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (s78) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Galle ◽  
Alexandra Heinloth ◽  
Christoph Wanner ◽  
Kathrin Heermeier
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dual Effect

scholarly journals Genetic variants and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise D Correa ◽  
Jaya Satagopan ◽  
Axel Martin ◽  
Erica Braun ◽  
Maria Kryza-Lacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Cycle Regulation

AbstractBackgroundPatients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) often experience cognitive dysfunction. We reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOE, COMT, and BDNF genes may influence cognition in brain tumor patients. In this study, we assessed whether genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), inflammation, cholesterol transport, dopamine and myelin regulation, and DNA repair may influence cognitive outcome in this population.MethodsOne hundred and fifty brain tumor patients treated with RT ± CT or CT alone completed a neurocognitive assessment and provided a blood sample for genotyping. We genotyped genes/SNPs in these pathways: (i) LOAD risk/inflammation/cholesterol transport, (ii) dopamine regulation, (iii) myelin regulation, (iv) DNA repair, (v) blood–brain barrier disruption, (vi) cell cycle regulation, and (vii) response to oxidative stress. White matter (WM) abnormalities were rated on brain MRIs.ResultsMultivariable linear regression analysis with Bayesian shrinkage estimation of SNP effects, adjusting for relevant demographic, disease, and treatment variables, indicated strong associations (posterior association summary [PAS] ≥ 0.95) among tests of attention, executive functions, and memory and 33 SNPs in genes involved in: LOAD/inflammation/cholesterol transport (eg, PDE7A, IL-6), dopamine regulation (eg, DRD1, COMT), myelin repair (eg, TCF4), DNA repair (eg, RAD51), cell cycle regulation (eg, SESN1), and response to oxidative stress (eg, GSTP1). The SNPs were not significantly associated with WM abnormalities.ConclusionThis novel study suggests that polymorphisms in genes involved in aging and inflammation, dopamine, myelin and cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair and response to oxidative stress may be associated with cognitive outcome in patients with brain tumors.

scholarly journals Electroanalytical Techniques for the Detection of Selenium as a Biologically and Environmentally Significant Analyte—A Short Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Miroslav Rievaj ◽  
Eva Culková ◽  
Damiána Šandorová ◽  
Zuzana Lukáčová-Chomisteková ◽  
Renata Bellová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Speed Of Analysis

This short review deals with the properties and significance of the determination of selenium, which is in trace amounts an essential element for animals and humans, but toxic at high concentrations. It may cause oxidative stress in cells, which leads to the chronic disease called selenosis. Several analytical techniques have been developed for its detection, but electroanalytical methods are advantageous due to simple sample preparation, speed of analysis and high sensitivity of measurements, especially in the case of stripping voltammetry very low detection limits even in picomoles per liter can be reached. A variety of working electrodes based on mercury, carbon, silver, platinum and gold materials were applied to the analysis of selenium in various samples. Only selenium in oxidation state + IV is electroactive therefore the most of voltammetric determinations are devoted to it. However, it is possible to detect also other forms of selenium by indirect electrochemistry approach.

scholarly journals Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with the Clinically Used Fluconazole: Comparison of Antifungal Activity and Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nevena Lj. Stevanović ◽  
Ivana Aleksic ◽  
Jakob Kljun ◽  
Sanja Skaro Bogojevic ◽  
Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Pyocyanin Production

Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with clinically used antifungal drug fluconazole (fcz), {[CuCl2(fcz)2].5H2O}n, 1, and {[ZnCl2(fcz)2]·2C2H5OH}n, 2, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The polymeric structure of the complexes comprises four fluconazole molecules monodentately coordinated via the triazole nitrogen and two chlorido ligands. With respect to fluconazole, complex 2 showed significantly higher antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. All tested compounds reduced the total amount of ergosterol at subinhibitory concentrations, indicating that the mode of activity of fluconazole was retained within the complexes, which was corroborated via molecular docking with cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) as a target. Electrostatic, steric and internal energy interactions between the complexes and enzyme showed that 2 has higher binding potency to this target. Both complexes showed strong inhibition of C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations, with 2 being able to reduce the adherence of C. albicans to A549 cells in vitro. Complex 2 was able to reduce pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 10% and 25% and to inhibit its biofilm formation by 20% in comparison to the untreated control. These results suggest that complex 2 may be further examined in the mixed Candida-P. aeruginosa infections.

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