scholarly journals Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Findings in Patients with Toscana Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia: Report of Three Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej ◽  
Dragan Ledina ◽  
Samira Knezevic ◽  
Vladimir Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Possible Cause

Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus, transmitted to humans by phlebotomine sandflies. Although the majority of infections are asymptomatic, neuroinvasive disease may occur. We report three cases of neuroinvasive TOSV infection detected in Croatia. Two patients aged 21 and 54 years presented with meningitis, while a 22-year old patient presented with meningoencephalitis and right-sided brachial plexitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and urine samples were collected and tested for neuroinvasive arboviruses: tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, Usutu, TOSV, Tahyna, and Bhanja virus. In addition, CSF and serum samples were tested for the anti-viral cytokine response. High titers of TOSV IgM (1000–3200) and IgG (3200−10,000) antibodies in serum samples confirmed TOSV infection. Antibodies to other phleboviruses (sandfly fever Sicilian/Naples/Cyprus virus) were negative. CSF samples showed high concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6; range 162.32−2683.90 pg/mL), interferon gamma (IFN-γ; range 110.12−1568.07 pg/mL), and IL-10 (range 28.08−858.91 pg/mL), while significantly lower cytokine production was observed in serum. Two patients recovered fully. The patient with a brachial plexitis improved significantly at discharge. The presented cases highlight the need of increasing awareness of a TOSV as a possible cause of aseptic meningitis/meningoencephalitis during summer months. Association of TOSV and brachial plexitis with long-term sequelae detected in one patient indicates the possibility of more severe disease, even in young patients.

scholarly journals A Severe Course of Relapsing-Remitting Acute-Onset Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy in a Young Man

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Anna P. Patnaik ◽  
Joseph Mininni ◽  
Neil C. Porter ◽  
Nicholas A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Guillain Barré

Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) is an immune mediated neuropathy characterized by progressive weakness and sensory impairment lasting over 2 months. Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS) is an immune mediated polyneuropathy with a similar presentation often over less than 4 weeks. While some have argued for the existence of recurrent GBS, most classify the syndrome as a form of relapsing-remitting CIDP. However, there are cases of GBS with treatment-related fluctuations that must be distinguished from A-CIDP as patients with A-CIDP require long-term immunotherapy. In this case report, we discuss a patient with multiple relapses over 3 years, who is more likely to have A-CIDP. His ganglioside profile, which has rarely been reported in A-CIDP, included high concentrations of anti-GM1, anti-GD1a, and anti-GD1b antibodies, which may account for his severe disease course.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

MONITORING STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
D.N. Luchinin ◽  
A.O. Negodenko ◽  
D.R. Prilepskaya ◽  
N.V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
California Serogroup ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The paper presents data from the monitoring studies’ results of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes in the Volgograd region. West Nile virus antigen (WNV) in 9 samples, Tahyna virus in one sample, Batai virus in two samples were detected in the study of 110 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes) by ELISA test. Antibodies to WNV in 16.58 percent of the samples, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 1.08 percent, to viruses of the California serogroup and Ukuniemi in 1.09 percent, to the virus Sindbis in 2.17 percent were detected as a result of the study of blood serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region. Thus, we obtained data on the probable presence of the Batai, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and Californian serogroup viruses along with the circulation of WNV on the territory of the Volgograd region.

Anticancer Effects & Comparative Study of Thymoquinone, Cordyceps, Spirulina, Ganoderma Lucidium, Poria Cocos, and Lion’s Mane on Human Nasal Cancer Cells (RPMI-2650)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
سعيد مزعل موازي ◽  
يحيى فائق حسين ◽  
عبد المنعم دولاني ◽  
سيف يوسف عبدالله السويدي
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Poria Cocos ◽  
Nasal Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Recently, many studies have been conducted to discover or improve cancers treatment. The current study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane in four different concentrations 4, 8, 16, and 32 ug (equivalent to 1 mg/mL) in two different time treatments (48 and 96 hours) on human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650. By using cell culture cytotoxicity techniques and assay, the highest anticancer effect on RPMI 2650 was obtained by thymoquinone. The lowest anticancer effect was demonstrated by poria cocos and cordyceps. However, these two medications showed higher anticancer effect when given in short-term treatment (48 hours) compared to long-term treatment (96 hours). Ganoderma lucidium and spirulina showed better impact than poria cocos, cordyceps, and lion’s mane in term of cells cytotoxicity. Mild to moderate antineoplastic effect was seen by utilizing lion’s mane treatment compared other drugs. Therefore, adopting a long-term treatment of high concentrations and doses of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane can be more effective in the treatment of nasal cancer. In conclusion, these drugs were found to be a promising cancer remedy; therefore, they can be utilized as alternative treatment for nasal cancer or any other type of cancer therapy.

Corticosteroids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients: a practical guide for physicians.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carla Di Paolo ◽  
Cristiano Pagnini ◽  
Maria Giovanna Graziani
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Favorable Safety ◽  
Pass Metabolism

: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions characterized by unknown etiology and pathogenesis with deregulation of mucosal immunity. Among possible treatments, corticosteroids, already available from the 50’, are still the mainstay of treatment for moderate-severe disease. Nonetheless, the use of steroids is still largely empirical and solid evidence about therapeutic schemes are lacking. Moreover, due to the important side-effects and for the unsatisfactory impact on long-term natural history of disease, the steroid sparing has become an important therapeutic goal in IBD management. Besides conventional steroids, the so called “low bioavailability” steroids, which are steroids with high affinity for peripheral receptors and elevated hepatic first-pass metabolism, have demonstrated efficacy and more favorable safety profile. In the present review of the literature evidence of efficacy and safety of conventional and low bioavailability steroids in IBD patients are evaluated, and practical suggestions for a correct use in clinical practice are presented according to the current clinical guidelines.

PO-1229: Preliminary data on long term toxicity in young patients with chordoma: C.N.A.O. experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. S647
Author(s):  
E. Scipilliti ◽  
M.R. Fiore ◽  
F. Cuccia ◽  
S. Durante ◽  
S. Ronchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Young Patients

High dose ascorbic acid treatment in COVID-19 patients raised some problems in clinical chemistry testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
Fatih Yesildal ◽  
Ferruh Kemal Isman
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Chemistry Tests ◽  
Abbott Architect

AbstractObjectiveCOVID-19 pandemia still continues to threaten the whole world. High dose ascorbic acid (AA) infusion is a choice of treatment and its efficiency is still being investigated. AA interferes with many clinical chemistry tests. However, data about the interference of high concentrations of AA is not sufficient. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interference of AA at high concentrations on commonly used chemistry assays.Materials and MethodsSerum samples at AA concentrations of 200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 0 mg/dL were prepared by using the stock solution of 15000 mg/dL AA. Each sample was analyzed by using the most common 30 chemistry tests (Abbott Architect C8000, Illinois, USA) and a POCT glucometer (STANDARD GlucoNavii, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea).ResultsCreatinine, sodium and glucose (POCT) tests were found to be positively interfered by increasing AA concentrations; while direct bilirubin, lipase, UIBC, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL/LDL cholesterol tests were negatively interfered. Absolute interference (%) increased as the AA concentration increased.ConclusionThis is the largest and first study to investigate the interference of high dose AA, which is used in severe COVID-19 patients nowadays. Manufacturers and clinicians should be aware of the possibility of aberrant results due to high dose AA infusion. Clinicians should not forget to consult a laboratory specialist, since he is the only person to monitor the reactions in all assays, and know the technical subjects like interferences, assay method specifications. This issue is very important for correct decision-making and interpretation of the data-mining studies accurately and efficiently.

scholarly journals Long-term outcomes in young patients with atrioventricular block of unknown aetiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnni Resdal Dideriksen ◽  
Morten K Christiansen ◽  
Jens B Johansen ◽  
Jens C Nielsen ◽  
Henning Bundgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Successful Resuscitation

Abstract Aims Atrioventricular block (AVB) of unknown aetiology is rare in the young, and outcome in these patients is unknown. We aimed to assess long-term morbidity and mortality in young patients with AVB of unknown aetiology. Methods and results We identified all Danish patients younger than 50 years receiving a first pacemaker due to AVB between January 1996 and December 2015. By reviewing medical records, we included patients with AVB of unknown aetiology. A matched control cohort was established. Follow-up was performed using national registries. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint consisting of death, heart failure hospitalization, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation. We included 517 patients, and 5170 controls. Median age at first pacemaker implantation was 41.3 years [interquartile range (IQR) 32.7–46.2 years]. After a median follow-up of 9.8 years (IQR 5.7–14.5 years), the primary endpoint had occurred in 14.9% of patients and 3.2% of controls [hazard ratio (HR) 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9–5.1; P < 0.001]. Patients with persistent AVB at time of diagnosis had a higher risk of the primary endpoint (HR 10.6; 95% CI 5.7–20.0; P < 0.001), and risk was highest early in the follow-up period (HR 6.8; 95% CI 4.6–10.0; P < 0.001, during 0–5 years of follow-up). Conclusion Atrioventricular block of unknown aetiology presenting before the age of 50 years and treated with pacemaker implantation was associated with a three- to four-fold higher rate of the composite endpoint of death or hospitalization for heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, or cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation. Patients with persistent AVB were at higher risk. These findings warrant improved follow-up strategies for young patients with AVB of unknown aetiology.

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