scholarly journals Impact of Urban Morphology on Energy Consumption of Vertical Mobility in Asian Cities—A Comparative Analysis with 3D City Models

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Murshed ◽  
Alice Duval ◽  
Andreas Koch ◽  
Philipp Rode
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vertical Mobility ◽  
City Models

Sustainable development of cities and the overall efficiency of urban infrastructure have emerged as central issues in policy consideration. Consequently, investigating the influence of urban physical form on resource use is critical. This paper investigates energy use due to vertical mobility in the context of Asia’s diverging cities. Micro mobility of citizens’ movement in the vertical direction has a distinct impact on the total energy consumption of a city or urban block. The objective of this research is to analyse the impact of different urban morphologies on vertical mobility—from buildings to urban blocks. A methodology is proposed to calculate energy consumption of lifts, based on a detailed review of literature, codes of practice, the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)/DIS 25745-1 standard and 3D city models. Furthermore, a tool is developed and applied in 20 typical urban blocks in four cities: Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Hong Kong and Singapore. The average annual specific energy consumption of lifts varies significantly across the samples. A comparative analysis of all the morphologies across these cities help to understand the impact of building forms, usage, and a number of further parameters on the energy consumption for vertical mobility.

scholarly journals Commuting for work and neighbourhood energy consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Rowshan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Centres

This study aimed to explore the impact of the Places to Grow Plan 2006 on travel behavior of the work commuters living in GTHA. A comparative analysis was done between the year 2001 and 2011 which represent the situations five year before and after the implementation of the Plan. Data were collected from Transportation Tomorrow Survey. The study revealed that in 2011, energy consumption by motorized vehicles increased in the Traffic Assessment Zones of GTHA around the Growth Centres designated by the Places to Grow Plan. Active transportation increased mainly in Toronto in 2011. It is apprehended that the intensification strategy of the Places to Grow Plan contributed in increasing the energy consumption of work commuters either by increasing the number of trips or length of trips made by motorized vehicles (including cars and different forms of transit) which also affect the Greenhouse Gas emissions in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF VISUAL COMPLEXITY LEVELS IN 3D CITY MODELS ON THE ACCURACY OF INDIVIDUALS’ ORIENTATION AND COGNITIVE MAPS

2015 ◽  
Vol II-3/W5 ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rautenbach ◽  
A. Çöltekin ◽  
S. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Answer Sheet ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Models

In this paper we report results from a qualitative user experiment (n=107) designed to contribute to understanding the impact of various levels of complexity (mainly based on levels of detail, i.e., LoD) in 3D city models, specifically on the participants’ orientation and cognitive (mental) maps. The experiment consisted of a number of tasks motivated by spatial cognition theory where participants (among other things) were given orientation tasks, and in one case also produced sketches of a path they ‘travelled’ in a virtual environment. The experiments were conducted in groups, where individuals provided responses on an answer sheet. The preliminary results based on descriptive statistics and qualitative sketch analyses suggest that very little information (i.e., a low LoD model of a smaller area) might have a negative impact on the accuracy of cognitive maps constructed based on a virtual experience. Building an accurate cognitive map is an inherently desired effect of the visualizations in planning tasks, thus the findings are important for understanding how to develop better-suited 3D visualizations such as 3D city models. In this study, we specifically discuss the suitability of different levels of visual complexity for development planning (urban planning), one of the domains where 3D city models are most relevant.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hard Rock Breakage by Indenter Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hongxiang Jiang ◽  
Zhiyuan Cai ◽  
Ouguo Wang ◽  
Deguang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Rock Breakage ◽  
Radial Cracks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indenter Shape

To investigate the effect of indenter shape, impact energy, and impact velocity on the rock breakage performance, a test device for rock fragmentation by indenter impact was developed to obtain the rock breakage volume, depth, and area under different impact conditions. By comparing the rock breakage volume, depth, area, and specific energy consumption, the results show that indenter shape has a greater influence on the rock breakage performance than that of the impact velocity with the same impact energy, and impact energy plays a decisive role in rock breakage performance with an identical indenter shape and impact velocity. For the lowest to highest specific energy consumption, the order of indenter shape is cusp-conical, warhead, hemispherical, spherical-arc, and flat-top under the same impact energy and velocity, but the cusp-conical indenter is damaged after several impacts. The rock breakage volume, depth, and area all increase with the increase in impact energy, but the effect of the impact velocity could be ignored under the same impact energy. In addition, the rock breakage features of the numerical simulation and experiments are similar, which show that the crushing zone close to the indenter impact point is mainly caused by the high compressive stress, and then radial cracks are caused by the accumulative energy release. The findings of this study will contribute to progress in the performance and efficiency for percussive rock drilling.

The Impact of Pavement Albedo on Radiative Forcing and Building Energy Demand: Comparative Analysis of Urban Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (40) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Jeremy Gregory ◽  
Randolph Kirchain
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reflective Surfaces

Albedo is the measure of the ratio of solar radiation reflected by the Earth’s surface. High-albedo reflective surfaces absorb less energy and reflect more shortwave radiation. The change in radiative energy balance at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA), which is called radiative forcing (RF), reduces nearby air temperatures and influences the surrounding building energy demand (BED). The impact of reflective surfaces on RF and BED has been investigated separately by researchers through modeling and observational studies, however, no one has compared RF and BED impacts under the same context and the net effect of these two phenomena remains unclear. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to assess the net impacts of pavement albedo modification strategies in selected urban neighborhoods. We apply an adapted analytical model for RF and a hybrid model framework combining two different models for BED to estimate the impacts of increasing pavement albedo from 0.1 to 0.3 for different urban neighborhoods in Boston and Phoenix. The impact of several context-specific factors, including location, urban morphology, shadings etc., are taken into account in the models. Comparative analysis reveals that the net impact of changing pavement albedo can vary from one neighborhood to another. In Phoenix downtown, reflective pavements create net global warming potential burdens, while increasing pavement albedo results in potential savings in the Boston downtown area. This work provides insights into pavement albedo impacts at urban scale and supports more informed decisions on pavement designs that save energy and counteract some of the effects of global warming.

scholarly journals Commuting for work and neighbourhood energy consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Rowshan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Centres

This study aimed to explore the impact of the Places to Grow Plan 2006 on travel behavior of the work commuters living in GTHA. A comparative analysis was done between the year 2001 and 2011 which represent the situations five year before and after the implementation of the Plan. Data were collected from Transportation Tomorrow Survey. The study revealed that in 2011, energy consumption by motorized vehicles increased in the Traffic Assessment Zones of GTHA around the Growth Centres designated by the Places to Grow Plan. Active transportation increased mainly in Toronto in 2011. It is apprehended that the intensification strategy of the Places to Grow Plan contributed in increasing the energy consumption of work commuters either by increasing the number of trips or length of trips made by motorized vehicles (including cars and different forms of transit) which also affect the Greenhouse Gas emissions in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Morphology and Climate on Heating Energy Consumption of Buildings in Severe Cold Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8354
Author(s):  
Shiyi Song ◽  
Hong Leng ◽  
Han Xu ◽  
Ran Guo ◽  
Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Building Height ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to acquire a better understanding of the quantitative relationship between environmental impact factors and heating energy consumption of buildings in severe cold regions. We analyze the effects of five urban morphological parameters (building density, aspect ratio, building height, floor area ratio, and shape factor) and three climatic parameters (temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) on the heating energy use intensity (EUI) of commercial and residential buildings in a severe cold region. We develop regression models using empirical data to quantitatively evaluate the impact of each parameter. A stepwise approach is used to ensure that all the independent variables are significant and to eliminate the effects of multicollinearity. Finally, a spatial cluster analysis is performed to identify the distribution characteristics of heating EUI. The results indicate that the building height, shape factor, temperature, and wind speed have a significant impact on heating EUI, and their effects vary with the type of building. The cluster analysis indicated that the areas in the north, east, and along the river exhibited high heating EUI. The findings obtained herein can be used to evaluate building energy efficiency for urban planners and heating companies and departments based on the surrounding environmental conditions.

scholarly journals New approaches to assessing the impact of stable condensate on the main indicators of marketable oil on the example of the “Novy Port” oil and gas condensate field

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
I. M. Zamanov ◽  
P. N. Afanasyev ◽  
A. V. Kim ◽  
S. A. Vershinin ◽  
A. N. Blyablyas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
The Impact

This article reflects the main points of the influence of light hydrocarbons on the physicochemical composition and properties of marketable oil of the Novy Port oil and gas condensate field, describes the uncertainties that should be taken into account by the time gas reserves are involved. For a specific task, the risks of influencing the key indicator according to GOST R – 51858-2002 (saturated vapor pressure) were removed. For the first time, a shift of the critical point of paraffin formation has been revealed. The result of the work will be the predicted behavior of the fluid when gas reserves are involved, as well as a decrease in energy consumption for heating the pipeline of external transport, an increase in the cleanup period, a decrease in the specific energy consumption (specific energy consumption) of pumping equipment, as a result – a decrease in operating costs.

scholarly journals TESTING THE IMPACT OF 2D GENERALISATION ON 3D MODELS – EXPLORING ANALYSIS OPTIONS WITH AN OFF-THE-SHELF SOFTWARE PACKAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W10 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
E. Muñumer Herrero ◽  
C. Ellul ◽  
J. Morley
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Popularity and diverse use of 3D city models has increased exponentially in the past few years, providing a more realistic impression and understanding of cities. Often, 3D city models are created by elevating the buildings from a detailed 2D topographic base map and subsequently used in studies such as solar panel allocation, infrastructure remodelling, antenna installations or even tourist guide applications. However, the large amount of resulting data slows down rendering and visualisation of the 3D models, and can also impact the performance of any analysis. Generalisation enables a reduction in the amount of data – however the addition of the third dimension makes this process more complex, and the loss of detail resulting from the process will inevitably have an impact on the result of any subsequent analysis.</p><p>While a few 3D generalization algorithms do exist in a research context, these are not available commercially. However, GIS users can create the generalised 3D models by simplifying and aggregating the 2D dataset first and then extruding it to the third dimension. This approach offers a rapid generalization process to create a dataset to underpin the impact of using generalised data for analysis. Specifically, in this study, the line of sight from a tall building and the sun shadow that it creates are calculated and compared, in both original and generalised datasets. The results obtained after the generalisation process are significant: both the number of polygons and the number of nodes are minimized by around 83<span class="thinspace"></span>% and the volume of 3D buildings is reduced by 14.87<span class="thinspace"></span>%. As expected, the spatial analyses processing times are also reduced. The study demonstrates the impact of generalisation on analytical results – which is particularly relevant in situations where detailed data is not available and will help to guide the development of future 3D generalisation algorithms. It also highlights some issues with the overall maturity of 3D analysis tools, which could be one factor limiting uptake of 3D GIS.</p>

scholarly journals Feature-based sequencing optimization method for minimizing non-cutting energy consumption for CNC machine tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Feng ◽  
Yugui Huang ◽  
Yilong Wu ◽  
Jingyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Processing Sequence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is variety scheme when a part with multiple features is processed in CNC machines, and hence, different feature sequencing during processing affects not only productivity but also energy consumption. This paper concentrates on the energy-saving strategy by optimizing the feature processing sequence in the part processing stage through reducing the energy consumption of the non-cutting process. The detailed energy model is established considering rapid feed and general feed path in the X, Y, Z+, Z- directions for analyzing the impact of processing feature sorting on reducing the energy consumption of parts processing. The feature sequencing optimization is carried out under the condition of fixed cutting parameters for specific machining features to better reveal the sequence influence on energy consumption and non-cutting time. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of the non-cutting of parts specifically includes the empty pass and an automatic tool change model, while the normal feed and the rapid feed are established in different moving axis, respectively. Based on the developed model, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal processing sequence and the lowest processing energy consumption. Finally, a cutting orthogonal experiment is executed to collect energy consumption data, analyze the data and fit the data to establish a specific energy consumption model for each processing stage. A case study of a part with nine features is used to optimize sequencing, which shows the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document