Nosema ceranae Infections in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Treated with Pre/Probiotics and Impacts on Colonies in the Field

Alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin for the control of Nosema ceranae, a gut parasite of the honey bee, are needed. The prebiotics eugenol, chitosan, and naringenin and the probiotic Protexin® (Enterococcus faecium) provided in sugar syrup or protein patty either in spring or fall were evaluated for their effects on N. ceranae infection, colony population, honey yield and winter survivorship using field colonies. In the first year, spring treatments with eugenol, naringenin, and Protexin® significantly reduced N. ceranae infection and increased honey production, while Protexin® also increased adult bee populations and chitosan was ineffective. Fall treatments increased survivorship and decreased N. ceranae infection the following spring. In the second year, selected compounds were further tested with a larger number of colonies per treatment and only protein patty used in the spring and sugar syrup in the fall. Protexin® and naringenin significantly decreased N. ceranae infections and increased the population of adult bees after spring treatment, but did not affect honey yields. There were no differences between treatments for colony winter mortality, but surviving colonies that had been treated with Protexin® and naringenin were significantly more populated and had lower N. ceranae spore counts than control, non-treated colonies. Protexin® and naringenin were the most promising candidates for controlling N. ceranae and promoting honey bee populations, warranting further investigation. Future research should investigate the optimal colony dose and treatment frequency to maximize colony health.

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PROSPECT BUDIDAYA USAHA LEBAH MADU (Trigona sp) DENGAN METODE TOPING DAN STUP

Media Agribisnis ◽

10.35326/agribisnis.v4i2.1121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Safrin Edy ◽

Laode Al Hemawan Ardi

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Business Development ◽

Feasibility Analysis ◽

Business Opportunity ◽

Honey Production ◽

Business Opportunities ◽

Additional Costs ◽

Bee Colonies

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the business and analyze the opportunities and threats of Trigona Ongka farm in Laompo Village, Batauga District, South Buton Regency. The research was conducted from January to February 2020 in Laompo Village, Batauga District, South Buton Regency. The sample in this study was 1 (one) honeybee breeders (Trigona sp). The method used is the independent sample t-test and the R / C feasibility analysis. Business opportunities and threats are analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the business feasibility of Trigona sp honey bee livestock through the STUP and topping method was 1.5, (R/C > 1), meaning that each additional cost incurred resulted in a larger increase in revenue as much as IDR 1,400,000 for the STUP method and IDR 1,500,000 for the topping method instead of additional costs or simply profitable business activities. The honey bee livestock business opportunity of Trigona sp, namely honey as a favorite that is popular, relatively stable price, partially known production of the community, the location is easy to reach by vehicles, the availability of large land for business development. While the threat of Trigona sp honey bee livestock, namely: lack of environmental carrying capacity, so that environmental improvements and increasing the number of bee colonies are needed to increase honey production, do not have a product brand to be widely commercialized, product quality standardization is still poorly understood by breeders, there is no internal coordination between breeders to strengthen institutions and lack of access to assistance from capital institutions in terms of capital. Keywords: Prospects, Business Feasibility, Honey Bees

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KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT DALAM MELESTARIKAN LEBAH MADU ALAM DENGAN TEKNIK TIKUNG DI KAWASAN SIAWAN BELIDA KAPUAS HULU

JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI ◽

10.26418/jhl.v7i2.33843 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jamiat . ◽

Iskandar A M ◽

M Idham

Keyword(s):

National Culture ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Apis Dorsata ◽

Natural Materials ◽

Honey Production ◽

Forest Lake ◽

Natural Honey ◽

Selection Of

Local wisdom is one of the characteristics national culture that deserves to be explored and developed in the future. Honey production is carried out by maintaining traditional nest making that utilizes natural materials are local wisdom that is still applied. The purpose of this study is to (1) reveal the local wisdom in natural forest honey management, (2) the amount of natural forest honey produced by the community from periau using tikung techniques in the area of Siawan Belida, Nanga Tuan Village, Bunut Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu Regency. The method used a survey with interview techniques, the selection of respondents are choosing all Nanga Tuan periau. The results of the study revealing local wisdom in preserving natural honey bees with tikung techniques in the Siawan Belida area, namely; tikung, making tikung, selecting trees for installation of tikung, agreement on division of territory in lakes (suak), sanctions for tree destroyers, sanctions for tikung hives burglars, pre-harvesting ceremonies, conditions of harvesting natural forest honey, harvesting honey bees process, honey treatment after harvesting at home. Tree preservation efforts of tikung honey bee techniques based on local wisdom, including; stipulation of forest lake areas in the management of tikung honey, types of feed for Apis dorsata bees. The amount of natural forest honey is 5- 8 tons / year with planting done twice / year.Keywords : local wisdom, natural honey bees, Siawan Belida, tikung techniques

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The Social Origins of Human Prosociality

Current Directions in Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0963721419830386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 274-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Audun Dahl ◽

Celia A. Brownell

Keyword(s):

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Early Development ◽

Future Research ◽

First Year ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Caregiver Behavior ◽

The Social ◽

Second Year ◽

First Year Of Life

From early in life, children help, comfort, and share with other people. Recent research has deepened scientific understanding of the development of prosociality—efforts to promote the welfare of others. In this article, we discuss two key insights about the emergence and early development of prosocial behavior, focusing on the development of helping. First, children’s motivations and capabilities for helping change in quality as well as quantity over the opening years of life. Specifically, helping begins in participatory activities without prosocial intent in the first year of life, becoming increasingly autonomous and motivated by prosocial intent over the second year. Second, helping emerges through bidirectional social interactions starting at birth: Caregivers and other individuals support the development of helping in a variety of ways, and young children play active roles that often influence caregiver behavior. The question now is not whether but how social interactions contribute to the development of prosocial behavior. Recent methodological and theoretical advances provide exciting avenues for future research on the social and emotional origins of human prosociality.

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Effects on Some Therapeutical, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposed to Probiotic Treatments, in Field and Laboratory Conditions

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Ivana Tlak Gajger ◽

Josipa Vlainić ◽

Petra Šoštarić ◽

Janez Prešern ◽

Jernej Bubnič ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Individual Level ◽

Sugar Syrup ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Individual ◽

Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽

Negative Factors ◽

Bee Colonies

Several negative factors contribute to a decline in the number of insect pollinators. As a novel approach in therapy, we hypothesize that the EM® for bees could potentially have an important therapeutic and immunomodulatory effect on honey bee colonies. The aim of our study was to evaluate its impact on honey bees at the individual and colony level. This is the first appliance of the commercial probiotic mix EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES in honey bees as economically important social insects. The sugar syrup with 10% of probiotic was administered by spraying or feeding the honey bee colonies in the field conditions, in order to evaluate the infection levels with spores of Nosema spp. and colonies’ strength. Moreover, in laboratory-controlled conditions, in the hoarding cages, adult workers have been fed with sugar syrup supplemented with 2.5, 5, and 10% of EM® for bees for biochemical and immunological analyses of hemolymph, and with 5 and 10% for measuring the size of hypopharyngeal glands. It was found that following the EM® for bees administration the Nosema spp. spore counts in colonies were significantly reduced, and colonies’ strength was increased. The results at the individual level showed significant positive physiological changes in treated groups of adult bees, revealing at the same time a higher mortality rate when feeding sugar syrup supplemented with the probiotic.

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First molecular detection of Apis mellifera filamentous virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Hungary

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2019.017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brigitta Zana ◽

Lili Geiger ◽

Anett Kepner ◽

Fanni Földes ◽

Péter Urbán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Winter Mortality ◽

Pcr Screening ◽

Economic Role ◽

Parasitic Mite ◽

First Time

Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) are important pollinators in the ecosystem and also play a crucial economic role in the honey industry. During the last decades, a continuous decay was registered in honey bee populations worldwide, including Hungary. In our study, we used metagenomic approaches and conventional PCR screening on healthy and winter mortality affected colonies from multiple sites in Hungary. The major goal was to discover presumed bee pathogens with viral metagenomic experiments and gain prevalence and distribution data by targeted PCR screening. We examined 664 honey bee samples that had been collected during winter mortality from three seemingly healthy colonies and from one colony infested heavily by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in 2016 and 2017. The subsequent PCR screening of honey bee samples revealed the abundant presence of Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) for the first time in Central Europe. Based on phylogeny reconstruction, the newly-detected virus was found to be most closely related to a Chinese AmFV strain. More sequence data from multiple countries would be needed for studying the detailed phylogeographical patterns and worldwide spreading process of AmFV. Here we report the prevalent presence of this virus in Hungarian honey bee colonies.

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Silencing the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Naked Cuticle Gene (nkd) Improves Host Immune Function and Reduces Nosema ceranae Infections

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02105-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (22) ◽

pp. 6779-6787 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Wenfeng Li ◽

Jay D. Evans ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

Cristina Rodríguez-García ◽

Jie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Immune Function ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Nosema Ceranae ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Content Type ◽

Bee Disease

ABSTRACTNosema ceranaeis a new and emerging microsporidian parasite of European honey bees,Apis mellifera, that has been implicated in colony losses worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism, has emerged as a potent and specific strategy for controlling infections of parasites and pathogens in honey bees. While previous studies have focused on the silencing of parasite/pathogen virulence factors, we explore here the possibility of silencing a host factor as a mechanism for reducing parasite load. Specifically, we used an RNAi strategy to reduce the expression of a honey bee gene,naked cuticle(nkd), which is a negative regulator of host immune function. Our studies found thatnkdmRNA levels in adult bees were upregulated byN. ceranaeinfection (and thus, the parasite may use this mechanism to suppress host immune function) and that ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific tonkdefficiently silenced its expression. Furthermore, we found that RNAi-mediated knockdown ofnkdtranscripts inNosema-infected bees resulted in upregulation of the expression of several immune genes (Abaecin,Apidaecin,Defensin-1, andPGRP-S2), reduction ofNosemaspore loads, and extension of honey bee life span. The results of our studies clearly indicate that silencing the hostnkdgene can activate honey bee immune responses, suppress the reproduction ofN. ceranae, and improve the overall health of honey bees. This study represents a novel host-derived therapeutic for honey bee disease treatment that merits further exploration.IMPORTANCEGiven the critical role of honey bees in the pollination of agricultural crops, it is urgent to develop strategies to prevent the colony decline induced by the infection of parasites/pathogens. Targeting parasites and pathogens directly by RNAi has been proven to be useful for controlling infections in honey bees, but little is known about the disease impacts of RNAi silencing of host factors. Here, we demonstrate that knocking down the honey bee immune repressor-encodingnkdgene can suppress the reproduction ofN. ceranaeand improve the overall health of honey bees, which highlights the potential role of host-derived and RNAi-based therapeutics in controlling the infections in honey bees. The information obtained from this study will have positive implications for honey bee disease management practices.

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Reduced worker relatedness does not affect cooperation in honey bee colonies

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z04-138 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (9) ◽

pp. 1542-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robyn M Underwood ◽

Michael J Lewis ◽

James F Hare

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Kin Selection ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Production Worker ◽

Brood Production ◽

Eusocial Insects ◽

Honey Production ◽

Drone Brood ◽

Bee Colonies

Although kin selection is commonly regarded as a major force in the evolution and maintenance of social behaviour in eusocial insects, recent controversy regarding whether honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) workers can discriminate close kin from more distant relatives casts doubt on the extent to which cooperation among individuals within honey bee colonies is controlled by genetic relatedness. We contrasted brood and honey production in colonies where we diluted worker relatedness with those elements of productivity in colonies where relatedness was unmanipulated. Relatedness manipulation did not affect overall brood production, worker or drone brood production, the worker to drone brood sex ratio, or the volume of honey produced. Thus, there is no evidence that honey bees discriminate close from distant relatives or, more importantly, that dilution of the coefficient of relatedness within a colony has any impact on the efficiency of that colony.

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Karadeniz Sahil Kuşağında Yağlık Kolza (Brassica napus L.,) Bitkisinin Çiçeklenme Fenolojisi, Çiçek Sayısı, Nektar ve Polen Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v5i11.1407-1413.1354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 1407

Author(s):

Necda Çankaya ◽

Ulviye Kumova

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Early Spring ◽

First Year ◽

Pollen Production ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Nectar Production ◽

Second Year

This research was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in order to determine the flowering phenology, number of flowers, nectar and pollen potential in the Samsun province of the oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which is widely used in agriculture in our country. In the first year of the study (2011), it was determined that the rapeseed plant was in flower for 44 days, there were 2.694 flowers per plant, 1.89 kg/da nectar per day and 1330 kg/da pollen production. In the second year of the research (2012), it was revealed that the rapeseed plant was in flower for 39 days, there were 701 plants/flower in the plant, 0.38 kg/da nectar secreted daily and 331.57 kg/da pollen. According to the results of two years, the yield of rapeseed was found to be 41.5 days, the daily nectar production was 0.23 mg/flower/day, the nectar dry matter level was 20.25% and the pollen production was 0.48 mg/flower/day. In Samsun province, it was determined that rapeseed plants flowered before the flowering of many plants in the vicinity in the early spring, and provided honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and many other honey bees, nectar and pollen. It has been demonstrated that the cultivation of rapeseed is cultivated in the early spring, and it can be a convenient source of food for honey bees and other dusty insects.

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OLFACTORY REPELLENCY OF HERBICIDES TO FORAGING HONEY BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1111131-10 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 111 (10) ◽

pp. 1131-1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.H. Elliott ◽

D. Cmiralova ◽

W.G. Wellington

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Foraging Behaviour ◽

Honey Production ◽

Brood Development ◽

Bee Foraging ◽

Honey Bee Foraging ◽

The Impact

AbstractForaging honey bees were offered various sucrose–herbicide solutions. Despite the visual attractiveness of the feeding dishes to foragers, six of seven herbicides significantly reduced the incidence of feeding and were judged to be olfactory and gustatory repellents. The most repellent herbicide was 2,4,5-T, which totally inhibited feeding at concentrations as tow as 1000 ppm. The next most repellent was 2,4-DB, followed by linuron, picloram, 2,4-D, and monuron. Paraquat was the only herbicide that did not exhibit marked repellency at concentrations up to 4000 ppm.The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the impact of herbicide applications on honey bee foraging behaviour, brood development, pollination, and honey production.

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Perspectives on hygienic behavior in Apis mellifera and other social insects

Apidologie ◽

10.1007/s13592-020-00784-z ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marla Spivak ◽

Robert G. Danka

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Social Insects ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Future Research ◽

Hygienic Behavior ◽

Bee Health ◽

Honey Bee Health ◽

Behavioral Mechanisms ◽

The Relationship

AbstractHygienic behavior in honey bees, Apis mellifera, has been studied for over 80 years with the aim of understanding mechanisms of pathogen and parasite resistance and colony health. This review emphasizes the underlying behavioral mechanisms of hygienic behavior in honey bees and when known, in other social insects. We explore the relationship between honey bee hygienic behavior toward diseased brood and Varroa-parasitized brood (Varroa-sensitive hygiene, VSH); the timing of hygienic removal of diseased, Varroa-infested, and virus-infected brood relative to risk of transmission that can affect colony fitness; and the methods, utility, and odorants associated with different assays used to select colonies for resistance to diseases and Varroa. We also provide avenues for future research that would benefit honey bee health and survivorship.

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