scholarly journals Irrigation Requirement for Eucalyptus pellita during Initial Growth

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Dwinata Aprialdi ◽  
Muhammad Ibnu Haiban ◽  
Bjørn Kløve ◽  
Ali Torabi Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Forestry Plantations

The growth of Eucalyptus pellita in forestry plantations requires attention to water requirements, especially in the initial growth phase from seedling to field-ready plant. In this study, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), crop coefficient (Kc), and the irrigation requirement of E. pellita were assessed during the nursery growth phase (day 40–142). The experimental set-up included lysimeters with different treatments in terms of plants, drainage, and soil conditions. Plant growth and water balance were monitored during June September 2018 in an open nursery area in Riau, Indonesia. ETa was determined by the water balance lysimeter method and potential (reference) evapotranspiration (ETo) was extracted based on the Penman-Monteith method (FAO/56). The results showed that the average Kc value for E. pellita at age 40–142 days is 0.79, which exceeds that reported for E. grandis. The recommended irrigation requirement varies depending on precipitation, from 70 mL/plant/day with no rainfall to zero at precipitation of >30 mm/day. This is the first study to assess water use in E. pellita growing in pots during the nursery phase, which provides guidance on irrigation requirements during their initial growth phase.

scholarly journals EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO, COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA E CRESCIMENTO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR PLANTADA POR MUDAS PRÉ-BROTADAS E POR TOLETES

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529
Author(s):  
MARIA EDUARDA NAJM SANDRINI ◽  
ALEXANDRE BARCELLOS DALRI ◽  
ANDERSON PRATES COELHO ◽  
ROGÉRIO TEIXEIRA DE FARIA ◽  
LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Crop Coefficients

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO, COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA E CRESCIMENTO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR PLANTADA POR MUDAS PRÉ-BROTADAS E POR TOLETES   MARIA EDUARDA NAJM SANDRINI1, ALEXANDRE BARCELLOS DALRI1, ANDERSON PRATES COELHO1, ROGÉRIO TEIXEIRA DE FARIA1, LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI1   1Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]   1 RESUMO   Atualmente, a cana-de-açúcar apresenta diversos modos de plantio, destacando-se o plantio por mudas pré-brotadas. Esse sistema necessita de novos estudos para a recomendação adequada das práticas agronômicas, como a irrigação. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar e comparar o consumo hídrico, o coeficiente de cultura e o crescimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar plantada por mudas pré-brotadas (MPB) e por toletes. Foram definidos quatro tratamentos: cana-de-açúcar plantada por MPB e por toletes, plantio de grama batatais e solo nu, todos mantidos em lisímetros de pesagem. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi medida em lisímetros com a cultura de referência (grama). A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) da cana-de-açúcar plantada por MPB e toletes foi estimada por meio do balanço hídrico do solo. A estimativa dos coeficientes de cultura (Kc) foi obtida pela razão entre a ETc dos lisímetros com cana e a ETo. A comparação das variáveis entre a cana-de-açúcar plantada por MPB e por toletes foi realizada por análise de regressão. O Kc da cana-de-açúcar plantada por toletes variou de 0,86 a 2,88 e do plantio por MPB de 1,12 a 3,10. A cana-de-açúcar plantada por MPB apresenta maior consumo hídrico, coeficiente de cultura e crescimento inicial do que quando plantada por toletes.   Palavras-chave: arduino, consumo hídrico, irrigação, Kc, lisímetro de pesagem.     SANDRINI, M.E.N; DALRI, A.B.; COELHO, A.P.; FARIA, R.T. de, PALARETTI, L.F. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, CROP COEFFICIENT AND SUGARCANE GROWTH PLANTED BY PRE-SPROUTED SEEDLINGS AND STALKS     2 ABSTRACT   Currently, the sugarcane presents several types of planting, especially the planting by pre-sprouted seedlings. This system needs new studies for the adequate recommendation of agronomic practices, such as irrigation. We aimed in this work to evaluate and compare the water consumption, crop coefficient and initial growth of sugarcane planted by pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) and stalks. Four treatments were defined, being sugarcane planted by PSS and by stalks, bahiagrass grass and bare soil, all kept in weighing lysimeters. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was measured in the grass lysimeters. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of sugarcane planted by PSS and stalks was estimated by the water balance in the soil. The estimation of the crop coefficients (Kc) was obtained from the ratio between ETc of lysimeters with sugarcane and ETo. Comparison of the variables between planted sugarcane by PSS and by stalks was performed by regression analysis. The Kc of the sugarcane planted by stalks ranged between 0.86 to 2.88 and planting by PSS from 1.12 to 3.10. The sugarcane planted by PSS presents higher water consumption, crop coefficient and initial growth than when planted by stalks.   Keywords: arduino, water consumption, irrigation, Kc, weighing lysimeter.

scholarly journals Validation of Crop Coefficients and Water Requirement of Maize Crop in the Temperate Climatic Region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5132-5138
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The field study was conducted on Lysimeter by employing the soil water balance method to compute the water requirement and Crop coefficient of Maize in the temperate climatic zone of India. Non-weighing type lysimeters (drainage type) of 2 × 1.5 × 2 m was installed to compute the irrigation requirement, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop coefficient of maize by water balance method. The water requirement of maize was found 410.4 mm using lysimeter data. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of maize ranged from 0.91 mm/day in the starting growth period to 5.29 mm/day at midseason. The peak ETo of Maize was found 6.3mm/day. The computed crop coefficient (Kc) values of Maize for diffrent crop growth stages were 0.53 for intial, 0.93 for development , 1.05 for mid-season, and 0.78 for late season .A Correlation was also established between Penman-Monteith (P-M) and four other reference Evapotranspiration methods.

scholarly journals Climatic and Soil Water Balances for the Melon Crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota ◽  
Paulo Leonel Libardi ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Assis Júnior ◽  
Alexsandro Santos Brito ◽  
Márcio Godofrêdo Rocha Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Field Water Balance ◽  
Correct Estimate

The correct estimate of the water requirements of a crop, besides favoring its full development, also allows the rational use of water. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate water balance in the soil and estimated through climatic methods for the melon crop. Field water balance was daily determined along a period of 70 days. Climatic water balance was determined based on the reference evapotranspiration estimated by the methods of Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite and Hargreaves-Samani. It was concluded that climatic methods do not estimate correctly water storage in the soil and, consequently, also the balance. Therefore, they should not substitute the soil water balance method to determine these variables. The water management for the melon crop based on evapotranspiration estimated through climatic methods results in overestimation of the water depth to be applied in the soil, in the initial growth stage, and underestimation in the periods of highest water demand.

scholarly journals COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO PARA CENOURA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE DIFERENTES MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
Márcio Aurélio Lins dos Santos ◽  
Thayse Valéria E Silva ◽  
Julianna Catonio Da Silva ◽  
Daniella Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Célia Silva dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
E Mail

COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO PARA CENOURA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE DIFERENTES MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA     MÁRCIO AURÉLIO LINS DOS SANTOS1; THAYSE VALÉRIA E SILVA2; JULIANNA CATONIO DA SILVA3; DANIELLA PEREIRA DOS SANTOS4; CÉLIA SILVA DOS SANTOS5   1Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Campus de Arapiraca, Avenida Manoel Severino Barbosa, s/n, Bom Sucesso, 57309-005, Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Administradora Técnica de Vendas, Iharabras, Avenida Liberdade, 1701, 18087-170, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Doutoranda em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal), Laboratório de Irrigação e Agrometeorologia,, Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, BR-104, 57100-000, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - Campus Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - Campus Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) é um parâmetro essencial para o dimensionamento e manejo dos sistemas de irrigação e uso racional da água. Dessa forma, o objetivo neste trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de cultivo da cenoura (Daucus carota L.) por meio de diferentes modelos matemáticos da evapotranspiração de referência no Agreste alagoano. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do Campus da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Arapiraca-AL. Foram utilizados três lisímetros de drenagem, instalados em canteiro com dimensões de 3,5 x 1,0 m de comprimento e largura respectivamente com área total de 3,5 m2. O Kc foi obtido pela relação entre a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) estimada pelos métodos de Penman-Monteith, padrão-FAO (PM), Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Radiação Solar (RS), Blaney-Criddle (BC) e de Priestley-Taylor (PT). Os valores de Kc obtidos foram: KcPM (0,61; 1,00; 1,26 e 0,99), KcHS (0,63; 1,09; 1,27 e 0,94), KcRS (0,65; 1,03; 1,36 e 1,06), KcBC (0,69; 1,11; 1,52 e 118) e KcPT (0,67; 1,08; 1,25 e 0,99) para as fases inicial, crescimento, intermediária e final, respectivamente. Na ausência de informações agrometeorológicas para se estimar a ETo pelo método padrão, recomendam-se utilizar os valores de obtidos pelo método de Blaney-Criddle.   Keywords: Daucus carota, lisimetria, dados climáticos, manejo da irrigação.     SANTOS, M. A. L.; SILVA, T. V.; SILVA, J. C.; SANTOS, D. P.; SANTOS, C. S. CARROT CROP COEFFICIENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION       2 ABSTRACT   The crop coefficient (Kc) is an essential parameter for the design and management of irrigation systems and rational reasonable water. Thus, the aim of the present work was to determine the crop coefficient of the carrot (Daucus carota L.) through different mathematical models of the reference evapotranspiration in the Agreste alagoano. The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the Campus of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Arapiraca-AL, Brazil. Three lysimeters of drainage were used, installed on a bed with dimensions of 3.5 x 1.0 m in length and width, respectively, with a total area of 3.5 m2. The Kc was obtained from the relationship between crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimated using the methods of Penman-Monteith-FAO (PM), Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Solar Radiation (SR), Blaney-Criddle (BC) and Priestley-Taylor (PT). The values of Kc obtained were KcPM (0.61; 1.00; 1.26 and 0.99), KcHS (0.63; 1.09; 1.27 and 0.94), KcSR (0.65; 1.03; 1.36 and 1.06), KcBC (0.69; 1.11; 1.52 and 118) and KcPT (0.67; 1.08; 1.25 and 0.99) for the initial, growth, intermediate and final phases, respectively. In the absence of agrometeorological information to estimate ETo by Penman-Monteith-FAO method, it is recommended to use the values obtained by Blaney-Criddle ETo method.   Keywords: Daucus carota, lysimetry, climate data, irrigation management.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL UTILIZANDO O ALGORITMO SAFER

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déborah Lidya Sales ◽  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Adão Wagner Pego Evangelista ◽  
João Mauricio Fernandes Souza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Water Requirements

ESTIMATIVA DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL UTILIZANDO O ALGORITMO SAFER  DEBORAH LIDYA ALVES SALES¹; JOSÉ ALVES JÚNIOR²; DERBLAI CASAROLI²; ADÃO WAGNER PEGO EVANGELISTA² E JOÃO MAURICIO FERNANDES SOUZA3 ¹Profª. Mestre da Faculdade Metropolitana de Anápolis FAMA/Av. Fernando Costa, 49 - Vila Jaiara St. Norte, Anápolis - GO, 75064-780, Brasil, email: [email protected]²,Prof. Doutor do Núcleo de Pesquisas em Clima e Recursos Hídricos do Cerrado – Escola de Agronomia - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia / Nova Veneza, Km 0, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brasil,  email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Doutor do Centro Universitário de Anápolis – UniEVANGÉLICA/Av. Universitária Km. 3, 5 - Cidade Universitária, Anápolis - GO, 75083-515, Brasil,  email:[email protected]  1 RESUMO Objetivo do estudo foi estimar a evapotranspiração atual (ETa), e os respectivos coeficientes de cultura de dois híbridos de tomateiro industrial pelo modelo de balanço de energia utilizando o algoritmo SAFER, com comparação com tradicional método micrometeorológico utilizando evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), com os Kcs recomendados pela FAO 56 e EMBRAPA. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda cabeceira do Piracanjuba, no município de Silvânia-GO, no período de maio a agosto de 2015. Além disso, foi monitorado o potencial de água na folha e o conteúdo de água no solo pelo balanço hídrico dinâmico local. Os valores de Kcs estimados pelo método do SAFER apresentou significante correlação com os métodos FAO 56 e Embrapa (FAO 56, R² = 0,98; Embrapa, R² = 0,95). A ETc estimada pelo método do SAFER apresentou significante correlação com os métodos micrometeorológicos (FAO 56, R2 = 0,97; Embrapa, R2 = 0,97), podendo este ser utilizado para estimativa da ETa na região. Palavra-chaves: necessidade hídrica, imagens de satélite, balanço de energia, irrigação  SALES, D. L. A.; ALVES JÚNIOR, J.; DERBLAI, C.; SOUZA, J. M. F. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATE AND CROP COEFFICIENT OF INDUSTRIAL TOMATOES USING THE SAFER ALGORITHM  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the current evapotranspiration and the respective cultivation coefficients of two industrial tomato hybrids by the energy balance model using the SAFER algorithm, using a traditional micrometeorological method using ETo (Penman-Monteith) reference evapotranspiration with the Kcs recommended by FAO 56 and EMBRAPA. The study was carried out at the Piracanjuba head farm, in the municipality of Silvânia, GO, from May to August 2015. In addition, the potential of leaf water and soil water content was monitored by the local dynamic water balance. The Kcs estimated by the SAFER method presented a significant correlation with the FAO 56 and Embrapa methods (FAO 56, R² = 0.98, Embrapa, R² = 0.95). The ETc estimated by the SAFER method showed a significant correlation with the micrometeorological methods (FAO 56, R2 = 0.97, Embrapa, R2 = 0.97), which could be used to estimate ETa in the region. Keywords: water requirements; satellite images; energy balance and irrigation.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E DO COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO CAFEEIRO (Coffea arabica L.)

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyanna Mara de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Marciano da Silva ◽  
Pedro Castro Neto
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E DO COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO CAFEEIRO (Coffea arabica L.)   Polyanna Mara de OliveiraAntônio Marciano da SilvaPedro Castro NetoDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, CP 37, CEP 37200-000. Fone: (35) 3829 1362. E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO  Em experimento com a cultura de cafeeiro Catuaí (Coffea arabica L.) irrigado por gotejamento, no período de junho a setembro, na Fazenda Muquém-FAEPE/UFLA, Lavras, MG, estimou-se a sua evapotranspiração e o seu coeficiente de cultura, com base em um balanço hídrico. A área experimental constituiu-se de duas unidades: a primeira, representativa da referida lavoura com dezesseis anos de idade e a segunda, três anos após o processo de recepa. Assim, foram instalados tensiômetros nas duas unidades nas profundidades de 0,10; 0,30 e 0,50 m. Três vezes por semana foram feitas leituras por meio de tensímetro digital e mensalmente retiradas amostras de solo para determinação da umidade pelo método padrão de estufa. Os dados climatológicos necessários à estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência e aos cálculos da irrigação foram obtidos junto à Estação Climatológica Principal de Lavras, MG, situada na Universidade Federal de Lavras. O cafeeiro com dezesseis anos de cultivo apresentou uma evapotranspiração no período analisado, variando de 2,52 a 3,50 mm dia-1, com média de 2,91 mm dia-1 e um coeficiente de cultura variando de 0,72 a 1,50, com média de 0,96. O cafeeiro recepado apresentou uma evapotranspiração no período analisado, variando de 1,55 a 2,01 mm dia-1 com média de 1,72 mm dia-1 e coeficiente de cultura variando de 0,44 a 0,87, com média de 0,57.  UNITERMOS: cafeeiro arabica, evapotranspiração, coeficiente de cultura, balanço hídrico.  OLIVEIRA, P. M.; SILVA, A. M. da; CASTRO NETO, P. ESTIMATE OF COFFEE CROP (Coffea arabica L.) COEFFICIENT AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION   2 ABSTRACT  Crop coefficient and evapotranspiration were determined in Catuaí coffee (Coffea arabic L.) using the water balance method in a drip irrigated experiment at Muquém-FAEPE/UFLA farm, Lavras, MG, Brasil, from June to September. The experimental area comprised two units: the first one, a 16 year-old crop field and the second one, 3 year-old plants in the same crop field after a pruning process. Tensiometers were installed at 0.10, 0.30 and 0.50 m depth in both units. Readings through digital tensimeter were done three times a week and soil samples taken monthly in order to determine the over-dry moisture by the standard method. Climatologic data for reference evapotranspiration estimation and irrigation calculation were obtained at the main Climate Station in the Federal University of Lavras. The sixteen year-old coffee plants presented 2.91 mm day-1 average evapotranspiration, varying from 2.52 to 3.50 mm day-1 and 0.96 average crop coefficient, varying from 0.72 to 1.50. The pruned coffee plants presented 1,72 mm day-1 average evapotranspiration,  varying from 1.55 to 2.01 and 0.57 average crop coefficient, varying from 0.44 to 0.87.  KEYWORDS: arabic coffee, evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, water balance 

scholarly journals Large-scale water balance indicators for different pruning dates of tropical wine grape

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Heriberto de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Jorge Tonietto ◽  
Janice Freitas Leivas
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
More Care ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop and apply water balance indicators to be scaled up in the wine grape (Vitis vinifera) growing regions of the municipalities of Petrolina and Juazeiro, in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, respectively, Brazil, simulating different pruning dates along the year. Previous energy balance measurements were used to relate the crop coefficient (Kc) with the accumulated degree-days (DDac). This model was applied to scale up the water balance indicators during the growing seasons. When irrigation water was available, the best pruning periods were from May to July, due to the better natural thermal and hidrological conditions. More care should be taken for pruning done in other periods of the year, regarding the effect of increasing thermal conditions of wine quality. The water balance indicators, both successfully developed and applied, allow large-scale analyses of the thermohydrological conditions for wine grape production under the semiarid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast.

scholarly journals WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Ed Wilson Da Silva Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class A Pan

WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)  Antonio Evaldo Klar* Ed Wilson da Silva FontesDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, State University of São Paulo, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP. E-mail: [email protected]* Scientific Researchist of CNPq.  1 ABSTRACT  Broccoli (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica) plants were transplanted to four lysimeters (116 cm x 116 cm and 150 cm depth), two of them maintained at 40 cm and two at 50 cm water table.  Other two lysimeters, one for each level, received grass (Paspalum notatum, F.) to measure Reference Evapotranspiration (EToLY). Surrounded area received 2,500 m2 of broccoli plants with soil water potentials ( s) maintained higher than –30 kPa. The results allowed to conclude: - there were no statistical differences between the plant parameters from 40cm lysimeters and the surrounded area; - the Class A Pan, Radiation-FAO, Penman-FAO and Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) methods, in this order, had significant correlations to the data obtained from 40 cm water table level lysimeter; - the Kc (crop coefficient) broccoli values ranged from 0.88 to 1.42 for KcLY (Lysimeters), 1.24 to 2.14 for KcA (Class A Pan), 1.19 to 1.71 for KcPM (Penman-Monteith), 0.95 to1.42 for KcPF (Penman-FAO) and 0.82 to 1.49 for KcR (Radiation-FAO) from stages II to V; - the plant water using ranged from 4.09 to 6.25 mm/day for 40 cm water level, and 2.68 to 5.25 mm/day for 50 cm water level for the same stages, respectively. The lysimeters at 50 cm water level yielded 64,3% less inflorescences and 8.1% lower water using efficiency than the plants from 40 cm water level lysimeters.  KEY WORDS: irrigation, evapotranspiration, broccoli.  KLAR, A.E.; FONTES, E.W.S. USO D’ÁGUA POR PLANTAS DE BRÓCOLOS (Brassicaoleracea F, var. Itálica).  2 RESUMO  Plantas de brócolos foram transplantadas para 4 lisímetros de 116 x 116 de área x 150 cm de profundidade, sendo dois mantidos com 40 cm e outros dois com 50 cm de nível de lençol freático. Outros dois lisímetros foram usados para medir a evapotranspiração de referência (EToLy) com grama batatais nos mesmos níveis de água. Os lisímetros foram colocados no meio de uma cultura de brócolos com área de 2500 m2, com o potencial de água do solo mantido acima de –30kPa. Os resultados permitiram que se concluísse: - não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de área foliar, pesos de matéria seca das folhas e das inflorescências entre as plantas de fora e de dentro dos lisímetros de nível de água de 40 cm; - os métodos do tanque Classe A, FAO-Radiação, Penman-FAO e Penman-Monteith, nesta ordem, correlacionaram-se significativamente com os dados obtidos no lisímetro de grama de nível 40 cm; - os lisímetros com brócolos e nível de 50 cm tiveram produtividade 64,3% menor e mostraram eficiência de uso de água 8,1% menor que os de 40 cm e 2,68 a 5,25 mm de evapotranspiração por dia, não sendo, portanto, indicados para a medir-se EToLY;- os valores dos coeficientes de cultura variaram de 0,88 a 1,42 para KcLY (lisímetro de 40 cm), de 1,24 a 2,14 para KcA (tanque Classe A), de 1,19 a 1,71 para KcPM (Penman-Monteith), de 0,95 a 1,42 para KcPF (Penman-FAO) e de 0,82 a 1,49 para KcR (FAO-Radiação) para os estádios II a V, respectivamente.  UNITERMOS: brócolos, coeficiente de cultura, evapotranspiração de referência.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Scolytinae in mangrove with impact trap and in wood of five forest species

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Henrique Trevisan ◽  
Thiago Sampaio de Souza ◽  
Acacio Geraldo de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Wood Degradation ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Mangrove Environment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

Scolytinae is a beetle group belonging to Order Coleoptera; these insects play an essential role in wood degradation in forest ecosystems, since they build galleries that enable substrate colonization by other saprophytic organisms, as well as nutrient cycling. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the occurrence of Scolytinae in the wood of 5 tree species exposed to mangrove environment, as well as to simultaneously survey Scolytinae specimens captured in ethanol-baited impact traps placed in the same environment. The study was carried out in a mangrove area located in Santa Cruz neighborhood - RJ. Five freshly-harvested Clitoria fairchildiana, Rhyzophora mangle, Corymbia citriodora, Melia azedarach and Eucalyptus pellita wood logs (1 m long and 5-10 cm diameter) were arranged perpendicular to the ground (1 m above it) and spaced 30 cm away from each other. Five impact traps were set up 50 m away from each other, 1.3 m above the ground. Insects were collected for 5 months. One hundred and thirty (130) Scolytinae individuals (14 species in 2 genera) were recorded in the wood logs; the relative frequency (Fr) of the species comprised Xyleborus affinis (33.9%) and Hypothenemus sp.4 (17.7%), which represented 51.6% of the total number of captured individuals. Hypothenemus sp.6 specimens were not collected in ethanol-baited traps, but the wood of C. fairchildiana. E. pellita did not show insect infestation. The traps captured 798 individuals (24 species belonging to 8 genera); the frequency of X. affinis (25.3%) and Hypothenemus eruditus (14.5%) represented 39.8% of the total number of captured insects.  

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