scholarly journals Modification of a Nile Red Staining Method for Microplastics Analysis: A Nile Red Plate Method

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3251
Author(s):  
Heejun Kang ◽  
Saerom Park ◽  
Bokjin Lee ◽  
Jaehwan Ahn ◽  
Seogku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nile Red Staining ◽  
Better Than

Recently, environmental pollution from microplastics (MPs) has become a significant reason for increasing the number of studies to develop analysis methods. The Nile red staining method (NR-S), which is staining polymer particles with Nile red (NR) dye, has been widely used for the analysis of MPs in environmental samples. However, this method has several limitations, as it is difficult to stain MPs covered with organic matter residues. In this study, we modified the NR-S method into an NR plate method (NR-P), where the plate is coated with NR instead of staining MPs directly. The optimum concentration of NR solution was obtained (1000 mg/L), and the effectiveness of the NR-P method for the analysis of MPs was assessed using different types (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene), sizes (100–1000 µm), and shapes (sphere, fiber, film, and flake) of plastic materials. The NR-P method demonstrated improved resolution in the overall types, shapes, and sizes of MPs and was better than the control (without NR plate method) and NR-S method. In particular, the NR-P method can effectively observe MPs covered with organic matter, which was a major limitation of the NR-S method. Finally, MPs in sewage field samples were analyzed by the NR-P method with an accuracy of 78% confirmed by FT-IR. We demonstrated that this method is a convenient and efficient alternative for identifying MPs, even for field samples.

The use of faecal nitrogen as an index for estimating the consumption of herbage by grazing animals

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
M. L. Dudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Regression Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Data from thirty-five digestibility trials with sheep in metabolism cages were used to investigate statistically the relationships between organic matter intake (I), faecal organic matter output (F), and the nitrogen concentration in faecal organic matter (N).The data fell easily into groups due to botanical or seasonal differences in the feed. These groups of data were homogeneous and provided highly significant linear equations of the forms I = bF + cFN and I = a + cFN. When compared these groups of data sometimes showed differences in slope, position or both. A quadratic expressionI = bF + cFN + dFN2was found to accommodate a majority of the data but to be less precise than I = a + cFN.A further expression incorporating N as an independent variable was also examined,I = a + cFN2 + eN.This expression, although far from being universally adequate, proved to be generally better than existing formulae. When applied to the data of Greenhalgh et. al. (1960), it substantially reduced heterogeneity between data for spring and data for summer pastures.Causes of variation in the relationship between organic-matter intake and nitrogen in faeces, and some of the hazards of extrapolation from empirical regression relations, are discussed.

Study on Modified Rapeseed Oil/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1291-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lü ◽  
Jian Zhong Ma ◽  
Dang Ge Gao ◽  
Lei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

Modified rapeseed oil(MRO) was prepared by using rapeseed oil, ethylene diamine and acrylic acid as the raw materials. Modified rapeseed oil/montmorillonite(MRO/MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using modified rapeseed oil and montmorillonite. The emulsifying properties of MRO and MRO/MMT were determined respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) results showed that MRO/MMT was prepared successfully. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that modified rapeseed oil could smoothly enter the interlayer of montmorillonite, and modified the montmorillonite; with an increase in the amount of montmorillonite, the layer spacing of montmorillonite in the MRO/MMT lower after the first increase. The results of emulsifying properties indicated that emulsifying properties of MRO/MMT was better than MRO.

A Comparison of FT-IR/PA and FT-IR/PBD Spectra of Powders

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Varlashkin ◽  
M. J. D. Low ◽  
G. A. Parodi ◽  
C. Morterra
Keyword(s):  
Probe Beam ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Laser Probe ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

FT-IR photoacoustic (PA) and also photothermal beam deflection (PBD) spectra were recorded with the same particulate samples (graphite, charcoal, aspirin, and silica) under the same conditions in order to compare the quality of the spectra obtainable with the two techniques. A PA cell fitted with windows for the PBD laser probe beam was used, and PA and PBD spectra of each sample were recorded at 8 cm−1 resolution at each of the four different interferometer scan velocities. Although the overall aspects of FT-IR/PA and FT-IR/PBD spectra are the same, the signal-to-noise ratios of PA spectra are appreciably better than those of PBD spectra because PBD detection is more prone to disturbance by vibration than is PA detection. Absorption bands appear at the same wavenumbers in PA and PBD spectra. However, the relative intensities of bands of PBD spectra depend on the absorptive properties of the powdered solids; with weak absorbers, some bands may not be detected at all. PAS can be used with all powders. PBDS is of little or no use for the examination of weakly absorbing powders unless they scatter IR radiation extensively.

New Method of Preparation and Property Study of the Montmorillonite Modified with CTAB

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Ji Chu Zhang ◽  
Ze Peng Zhang ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, Ca2+-montmorillonite (Ca2+-Mt) was modified with cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB) directly, without changing Ca2+-Mt into Na+-montmorillonite (Na+-Mt). X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), contact angle tests and rotary viscosity tests were used to characterize the structure and property of the organo-montmorillonite. The results of XRD show that interlayer space (d001) of the product is 4.05nm. The results of TGA indicate the ratio of weight loss of the organic components in the product is 37.7%. The results of FT-IR indicate there are organic components and hardly any water molecules in the product. All these findings indicate that the CTAB has intercalated into the galleries of Ca2+-Mt. Contact angle tests shows the product is well hydrophobic and the hydrophobic property is as good as that of organo-montmorillonite modified from Na+-Mt. Rotary viscosity tests show that the viscosity of the product at the rotational speed of 6R/min is 1226mPa·s, much better than that of the organo- montmorillonite modified from Na+-Mt which is 1070 mPa·s. The thixotropy index of the product is 9.22, much better than that of the organo-montmorillonite modified from Na+-Mt which is 5.88. It can be concluded that organo-montmorillonite with perfect interlayer expansion and thixotropic property was prepared by modifying Ca2+-Mt with CTAB directly.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

scholarly journals Properties of Humic Acids in Meadow Soils Irrigated With the Slope-And Flooding System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Andrzej Dziamski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Irrigation Ditch ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degree Of Maturity

Abstract The aim of the research has been to determine the effect of many-year irrigation of unique grasslands on the properties of humic acids defining the quality of organic matter. The research was performed based on the soil (Albic Brunic Arenosol, the A, AE and Bsv horizons) sampled from Europe’s unique complex of permanent grasslands irrigated continuously for 150 years, applying the slope-and-flooding system; the Czerskie Meadows. The soil samples were assayed for the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and the particle size distribution. HAs were extracted with the Schnitzer method and analysed for the elemental composition, spectrometric parameters in the UV-VIS range, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the infrared spectra were produced. The research results have shown that the HAs properties depended on the depth and the distance from the irrigation ditch. The HAs of the A horizon of the soils were identified with a lower “degree of maturity”, as reflected by the values of atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, O/H), absorbance coefficients, and the FT-IR spectra, as compared with the HAs of the Bsv horizon. The HAs molecules of the soils sampled furthest from the irrigation ditch were identified with a higher degree of humification, as compared with the HAs of the soils sampled within the closest distance. The results have demonstrated that many-year grassland irrigation affected the structure and the properties of humic acids.

scholarly journals Organic matter from benthic foraminifera (Ammonia beccarii) shells by FT-IR spectroscopy: A study on Tupilipalem, South east coast of India

MethodsX ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sreenivasulu ◽  
N. Jayaraju ◽  
B.C. Sundara Raja Reddy ◽  
T. Lakshmi Prasad ◽  
K. Nagalakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
East Coast ◽  
East Coast Of India ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Preparation of MgO–Y2O3 Composite Ceramic by Aqueous Gel Casting

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Liangwen Liu ◽  
Mu Zhang ◽  
Xing’an Wang ◽  
Xudong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Casting Process ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Gel Casting ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Die Pressing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Better Than

MgO–Y2O3 composite ceramics were prepared by gel-casting technology. The surface of MgO powder is passivated with H3PO4 ethanol solution. The treated powder can be dispersed in water with a dispersant. The powder surface modification process was verified by pH, Zeta potentials, Fourier transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR), the absorbance of suspension and rheological properties. The obtained stable suspensions were gel cast, dried, and sintered at 1400 °C for 30 min under 35 MPa. As a comparison, the powder was compressed by die pressing and sintered at the same temperature and pressure. After sintering, the MgO–Y2O3 composite ceramic with a theoretical density of 97.29% can be prepared by aqueous gel casting process. The properties of MgO–Y2O3 composite ceramic fabricated by gel casting are better than die pressing.

Isolation of lipid-rich marine microalgae by flow cytometric screening with Nile Red staining

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Katayama ◽  
Masatoshi Kishi ◽  
Kazutaka Takahashi ◽  
Ken Furuya ◽  
Mohd Effendy Abd Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Red ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Nile Red Staining

scholarly journals Enhanced Regional Monitoring of Wheat Powdery Mildew Based on an Instance-Based Transfer Learning Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyi Liu ◽  
Yingying Dong ◽  
Wenjiang Huang ◽  
Xiaoping Du ◽  
Juhua Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Monitoring Accuracy ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Better Than

In order to monitor the prevalence of wheat powdery mildew, current methods require sufficient sample data to obtain results with higher accuracy and stable validation. However, it is difficult to collect data on wheat powdery mildew in some regions, and this limitation in sampling restricts the accuracy of monitoring regional prevalence of the disease. In this study, an instance-based transfer learning method, i.e., TrAdaBoost, was applied to improve the monitoring accuracy with limited field samples by using auxiliary samples from another region. By taking into account the representativeness of contributions of auxiliary samples to adjust the weight placed on auxiliary samples, an optimized TrAdaBoost algorithm, named OpTrAdaBoost, was generated to map regional wheat powdery mildew. The algorithm conducts this by: (1) producing uncertainty associated with each prediction based on the similarities, and calculating the representativeness contribution of all auxiliary samples by taking into account the overall uncertainty of the wheat powdery mildew map; (2) calculating the errors of the weak learners during the training process and using boosting to filter out the unreliable auxiliary samples by adjusting the weights of auxiliary samples; (3) combining all weak learners according to the weights of training instances to build a strong learner to classify disease severity. OpTrAdaBoost was tested using a dataset with 39 study area samples and 106 auxiliary samples. The overall monitoring accuracy was 82%, and the kappa coefficient was 0.72. Moreover, OpTrAdaBoost performed better than other algorithms that are commonly used to monitor wheat powdery mildew at the regional level. Experimental results demonstrated that OpTrAdaBoost was effective in improving the accuracy of monitoring wheat powdery mildew using limited field samples.

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