scholarly journals Behavioral Parameters of Planarians (Girardia tigrina) as Fast Screening, Integrative and Cumulative Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination: Preliminary Results

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ana M. Córdova López ◽  
Althiéris de Souza Saraiva ◽  
Carlos Gravato ◽  
Amadeu M. V. M. Soares ◽  
Renato Almeida Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to use behavioral responses of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the aquatic ecosystem of the watershed Araguaia-Tocantins (Tocantins, Brazil). Behavioral responses are integrative and cumulative tools that reflect changes in energy allocation in organisms. Thus, feeding rate and locomotion velocity (pLMV) were determined to assess the effects induced by the laboratory exposure of adult planarians to water samples collected in the region of Tocantins-Araguaia, identifying the sampling points affected by contaminants. Furthermore, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as the presence of inorganic compounds (dissolved aluminum, total barium, total chloride, dissolved iron, total fluoride, total manganese, nitrates, nitric nitrogen, total sulfate, total zinc) and surfactants, were determined on each specific sampling point. The behavioral biomarkers (feeding rate and pLMV) of the freshwater planarians were significantly decreased when organisms were exposed to water samples from four municipalities (Formoso do Araguaia, Lagoa da Confusão, Gurupi and Porto Nacional), sites of the Tocantins-Araguaia hydrographic region—TAHR. Both behavioral biomarkers decreased up to ~37–39% compared to organisms in ASTM medium only. Our results showed that these behavioral biomarkers can be used for fast screening monitoring of environmental samples of freshwater ecosystems, since a decrease in feeding rate and locomotor activity was observed in sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. However, the absence of effects observed in some sampling points does not represent the absence of contamination, since several other classes of contaminants were not determined. In these negative results, the absence of deleterious effects on behavioral biomarkers might only be indicative that the potential presence of contaminants on such sites does not significantly affect the performance of planarians. This fast screening approach seems to be useful to determine contaminated sites in freshwater ecosystems for biomonitoring purposes. This knowledge will help to develop biomonitoring programs and to decide appropriate sampling sites and analysis.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA Based Surveillance for the Highly Invasive Carpet Sea Squirt Didemnum vexillum: A Targeted Single-Species Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Matejusova ◽  
Jennifer Graham ◽  
Fiona Bland ◽  
Jean-Pierre Lacaze ◽  
Guillaume Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Didemnum Vexillum ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Impact

The presence and diversity of marine non-native species, the number of new invasions, and the impact on native communities and habitats are important metrics used to assess the health of marine ecosystems. Monitoring for marine non-native species, using traditional approaches such as rapid assessment surveys (RASs), requires taxonomic expertise and may still fail to detect rare or inconspicuous species. This study reports a validation process for a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene, designed to detect highly invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum by targeting environmental DNA (eDNA) present in water samples. The D. vexillum qPCR assay showed high sensitivity, with the threshold limit of detection (LOD) and modeled LOD3 (based on triplicate qPCR reactions) estimated as 9.187 and 1.117 copies reaction–1, respectively and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated as 18 copies reaction–1. Analyses of water samples collected from selected Pacific oyster farms and recreational marinas in Scotland showed 100% concordance between the historical data on presence of D. vexillum from RASs and detection of D. vexillum eDNA. Consistency of detection of D. vexillum eDNA among different sampling points within each infected sampling site varied, ranging between 100% positive throughout the site to some sampling points testing “negative” or only as “suspected” for D. vexillum. Sites with lower within-site detection consistency included sites with a low density of D. vexillum as reported by RASs or were sites undergoing D. vexillum management. The present pilot monitoring program demonstrates the potential to generate important data on presence of D. vexillum. This program will be scaled up across large geographic regions and used in the first instance to focus and target the traditional RASs to D. vexillum eDNA-positive sites in a cost-effective way, with an aim to verify the species presence by visual observation and direct Sanger sequencing of positive qPCR products.

KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI PENDEGRADASI MINYAK BUMI DI PT. INDUSTRI KAPAL INDONESIA (Persero) MAKASSAR Makassar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Isnada Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
The Difference

This research is a descriptive study that aims to determine the abundance of marine bacteria at PT. Indonesian Ship Industry (Persero) in degrading petroleum. Water samples were taken from the territorial waters of PT. Indonesian Ship Industry (Persero) Makassar, with sampling points of 1 to 45.7 meters. Then diluted from 10-1 to 10-4, each dilution (10-1-10-4) was inoculated on a minimal solid medium using the pour cup method, the cup was incubated at 28ºC-30ºC for 48 hours. The data obtained are then analyzed using the Standard Plate Count (SPC) formula and then followed by observations of colonies in the form of colonies, color elevations, and internal structure. The results showed that the difference in bacterial abundance at the sampling point of 1 meter to 45.7 meters was the decrease in bacterial abundance from, taking point 3.6 meters to 45.7 meters while the observation of colonies took the form of edge elevation, color and structure in the colony. The results showed that there were colonies which were round, curly, filamentous, and irregular with convex and convex elevations, jagged edges, wavy, and even with a rough and smooth texture. The inner structure is clear, blurred and slippery and has a yellow and white color.

scholarly journals Urbanization Impacts the Physicochemical Characteristics and Abundance of Fecal Markers and Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianma Yuan ◽  
Kiran Kumar Vadde ◽  
Jonathan D. Tonkin ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Fecal Markers ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization is increasing worldwide and is happening at a rapid rate in China in line with economic development. Urbanization can lead to major changes in freshwater environments through multiple chemical and microbial contaminants. We assessed the impact of urbanization on physicochemical characteristics and microbial loading in canals in Suzhou, a city that has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades. Nine sampling locations covering three urban intensity classes (high, medium and low) in Suzhou were selected for field studies and three locations in Huangshan (natural reserve) were included as pristine control locations. Water samples were collected for physicochemical, microbiological and molecular analyses. Compared to medium and low urbanization sites, there were statistically significant higher levels of nutrients and total and thermotolerant coliforms (or fecal coliforms) in highly urbanized locations. The effect of urbanization was also apparent in the abundances of human-associated fecal markers and bacterial pathogens in water samples from highly urbanized locations. These results correlated well with land use types and anthropogenic activities at the sampling sites. The overall results indicate that urbanization negatively impacts water quality, providing high levels of nutrients and a microbial load that includes fecal markers and pathogens.

scholarly journals Heavy metal and metalloid contamination in the sediments of the Spekboom River, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Addo-Bediako ◽  
Sophy Nukeri ◽  
Millicent Kekana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and urbanization is causing heavy metal contamination in many freshwater ecosystems. The concentrations of eight elements (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the Spekboom River, South Africa, were studied using enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) to assess the extent of pollution in the river. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed using sequential inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry. The results showed deterioration of the sediment quality with high concentration of Cr and Ni at all the sites, this is a reflection of contamination from the various anthropogenic activities in the area. The current levels of Cr and Ni could be detrimental to the river and may pose a serious threat to the aquatic organisms and humans, as the sediment could act as a secondary source of metal pollution in the water. It is therefore recommended that urgent action should be taken to control effluents from anthropogenic activities to the river in order to prevent further pollution.

scholarly journals Fishermen’s perceptions and experiences toward the impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on freshwater fish biodiversity in Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amien Isaac Amoutchi ◽  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Ogechi Nnabuchi Ugbor ◽  
Alpha Kargbo ◽  
Kouamelan Essetchi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Fish Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAfrica’s freshwater ecosystems are impacted by many threats due to climate change and several anthropogenic activities. In Côte d’Ivoire, the economy relies mostly on agriculture, which covers around 64% of the land surface. The study aimed to investigate Côte d’Ivoire fishermen’s perception of climate change, its drivers and other anthropogenic activities impacting freshwater fish biodiversity. The fish species locally threatened in the Ivorian freshwater ecosystems were also investigated. Face to face interviews and a structured questionnaire were used. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation, minimum and maximum. The multinomial logit regression was also applied to test factors that influence fishermen’s awareness and perception of climate change and their perception of change in fish abundance. The results show that around 72.7% of fishermen were aware of climate change. Decreases of precipitation (87.9%) and increases of temperature (76.1%) were observed by fishermen. Also, a significant decrease in fish quantity was observed by respondents. Climate change and anthropogenic activities such as gold mining, water withdrawal, use of small-mesh fishing nets, overfishing, industrial waste pollution, pesticides use for agricultural purposes along watersheds, obnoxious fishing practices and population growth, were highlighted as the main reasons for this decline. Species such as Lates niloticus, Heterotis niloticus, Parachanna obscura, Malapterurus electricus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia zillii, Polpyterus endlicheri and Labeo coubie were listed by fishermen as locally threatened within Ivorian freshwater ecosystems. Actions and policies are needed to be taken by local authorities to ensure the sustainability of fisheries resources. The information obtained from this study constitutes a prerequisite for developing and implementing studies or policies aimed at mitigating and combating the negative effect of climate change and anthropogenic activities on the Ivorian freshwater ecosystem.

scholarly journals The impact of artificial drainage on water quality in two model areas in the bohemian forest foothills

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 138-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vopravil ◽  
T. Khel ◽  
K. Voplakal ◽  
M. Čermáková
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Artificial Drainage ◽  
The Impact

This contribution arises from a broader research assignment dealing with the changes in soil properties and characteristics which have occurred following the artificial drainage of some agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. The current state is statistically compared with the state before the drainage. Thanks to the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation database, extensive sets of historical data are available. To enable a more detailed evaluation of the changes discovered, we chose two smaller study areas with different soil use. In the first area (Haklovy Dvory – arable land) there is intensive use of the soil, while in the other area (Železná – pastures) the use is not intensive. Historical data from about 30 years ago on the quality of surface and ground (well) water in the Železná area were taken as a starting point. The same types of water quality analyses were then made with water samples taken semi-annually in the Železná area since 2004 and once only (in 2005) in the Haklovy Dvory area. That led to the creation of an extensive body of information of water quality in the study areas. Within the framework of this information, the recent data, being still constantly supplemented, and the historical data on tile drainage, surface (stream) and underground (well) water quality are compared. In the course of the monitoring we focused on the following chemical indicators in the water: pH, alkalinity-acidity, total hardness, the concentrations of selected cations (magnesium, calcium, potassium, ammonia) and most important anions (bicarbonates, nitrates, nitrites, sulphates, phosphates, chlorides) and the electrical conductivity of the water. Individual samplings of surface and tile drainage water were, on the basis of the above mentioned analytical data, assigned appropriate quality categories according to the five-level pollution classification system defined by surface water quality standard (ČSN 75 7221). In Železná, no pronounced water pollution was found during the entire course of the monitoring, with the exception of one sampling point in the vicinity of which there was once a farmyard manure heap. By contrast, in the intensively managed Haklovy Dvory study area there was evidence of significant pollution of all tile drainage water samples. This finding supports our hypothesis about a direct impact of the type of agriculture practised in the area on the quality of tile drainage water. Both the use of fertilizers for agricultural crops and the intensive tillage of the soil have a commensurately large negative impact on the quality of tile drainage water and, subsequently, on the quality of water in surface watercourses.

scholarly journals POLA FLUKTUASI POPULASI BAKTERI DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DAN TELUK PADA SENTRA BUDIDAYA IKAN LAUT DI BALI UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ketut Mahardika ◽  
Indah Mastuti ◽  
Reagan Septory ◽  
Des Roza ◽  
Zafran Zafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Marine Fish Farming ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Total Bacteria

Bakteri merupakan mikroorganisme yang secara alami berada dalam ekosistem perairan laut dan beberapa spesiesnya bersifat patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri secara umum dan Vibrio spp. secara khusus di perairan pantai dan teluk sebagai dampak dari aktivitas baik panti pembenihan, tambak udang, maupun karamba jaring apung (KJA) di pesisir Bali Utara. Sampel air diperoleh dari tiga lokasi sentra budidaya laut dan satu lokasi ekowisata yang berada di Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng. Sampel air diambil dari tiga titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 50 m, 100 m, dan 300 m dari garis pantai di Desa Gerokgak dan Desa Penyabangan. Sampling air dilakukan pada tiga titik sampling di sekitar KJA di Teluk Kaping, Desa Sumberkima, dan satu titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 100 m dari garis pantai di Desa Pemuteran. Sampling air dilakukan sekali dalam sebulan dari bulan Februari hingga November 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. di empat lokasi perairan di Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali menunjukkan populasi tinggi pada bulan Maret hingga Mei dan menurun pada bulan berikutnya. Dan meningkat kembali pada bulan Oktober hingga November. Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. tertinggi terjadi di perairan pantai Desa Gerokgak hingga 9.067 ± 7.481 CFU/mL dan 1.147 ± 689 CFU/mL dibandingkan dengan dua lokasi sentra budidaya lainnya (Desa Penyabangan dan Teluk Kaping). Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. teramati pula di perairan Desa Pemuteran hingga 500 ± 52 CFU/mL dan 65 ± 7 CFU/mL yang kemungkinan merupakan dampak dari aktivitas budidaya ikan. Pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri di perairan pantai Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali dipengaruhi oleh musim dan kegiatan budidaya perikanan. Tingginya populasi bakteri Vibrio spp. pada perairan pantai dapat memengaruhi kesehatan ikan budidaya.Bacteria are a group of microorganisms naturally present in aquatic ecosystems. Some of the bacteria are pathogenic to other organisms and cause severe diseases. This study aimed to determine the fluctuation patterns of bacterial populations, with specific interest to Vibrio spp. in coastal and bay areas of North Bali which constantly receive effluents from nearby mariculture activities. Water samples were collected from three locations in a clustered marine fish farming area and one location in an ecotourism area as a control. Water samples were taken from three sampling points in the coastal area of Gerokgak and Penyabangan villages at a distance of 50 m, 100 m, and 300 m from the coastline. Water samples were also collected at three sampling points around floating net cages (KJA) in Kaping Bay, Sumberkima Village, and one sampling point in Pemuteran Village located 100 m from the coastline. Water sampling was carried out each month from February to November 2018. Results of the study showed that total bacteria and Vibrio spp. were notably higher between March-May and October-November. The total bacteria and vibrio reached the peak number at 9,067 ± 7,481 CFU/mL and 1,147 ± 689 CFU/mL, respectively, which occurred in the coastal waters of Gerokgak Village. The total bacteria and Vibrio spp. of up to 500 ± 52 CFU/mL and 65 ± 7 CFU/mL, respectively, were also observed in the waters of Pemuteran Village which are likely to be the effects of aquaculture activities in these of three locations. This study concludes that the fluctuation pattern of bacterial population in the coastal waters of Gerokgak District, Bali is primarily influenced by the season and activities of the fish farming. The high population of Vibrio spp. in the coastal waters could lead to a fish disease oubreak related to the pathogenic bacterium.

scholarly journals The meiofauna as neglected carriers of antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria in freshwater ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Belen Sathicq ◽  
Tomasa Sbaffi ◽  
Giulia Borgomaneiro ◽  
Andrea Di Cesare ◽  
Raffaella Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization considers antibiotic resistance as one of the main threats to human and other animals' health. Despite the measures used to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance, the efforts made are not enough to tackle this problem. Thus, it has become important to understand how bacteria acquire and transmit antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), in particular in the environment, given the close connection between the latter and human and animal health, as defined by the One-Health concept. Aquatic ecosystems are often strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities, making them a source for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Although freshwater meiofauna have been the object of active research, few studies have focused on the relationship between the spread of antibiotic resistance and these organisms. In this review, we investigated freshwater meiofauna as carriers of resistances since they play a central role in the aquatic environments and can harbor human and animal potential pathogens. We assessed if these animals could contribute to the spread of ARGs and of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Only four taxa (Rotifera, Chironomidae, Cladocera, Copepoda) were found to be the subject of studies focused on antibiotic resistance. The studies we analyzed, although with some limitations, demonstrated that ARGs and ARB can be found in these animals, and several of them showed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria for humans and animals within their microbiome. Thus, meiofauna can be considered a source and a reservoir, even if neglected, of ARGs and ARB for the freshwater environments. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the meiofauna on the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance in these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Monitoring the impact of the Jeremenko pit on water quality in Ostravice

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
V Evjáková ◽  
E Pertile ◽  
R Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The study was performed to determine the impact of mine water discharges from the Jeremenko pit on water quality in the Ostravice River. Three sampling points marked under the letters „A”, „B” and „C” were determined for monitoring. The first of the sampling points was designated before the inflow of mine water to determine the parameters of the river before pollution by mine water. Sampling point “B” indicated the inflow of mine water and the last sampling point was used to determine the parameters after mixing mine water with water from the river Ostravice. According to the research, mine water is strongly mineralized with an increased content of salts, chlorides, sulphates and has an increased temperature of up to 28 °C. Based on the analysis of individual results, a significant effect of the inflow of mine water from the Jeremenko pit on the water in the Ostravice River in its immediate vicinity was proved. When compared with the results of other authors, it was found that the concentration of sulfates and chlorides in mine water decreases in the long run.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality of Southeastern Brazzaville, Congo

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matini Laurent ◽  
Moutou Joseph Marie
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The groundwater in southeastern Brazzaville (Congo) was analyzed for their fluoride contents and others related parameters in rainy season. The fluoride contents in water samples (wells and spring) can be gather in three classes in the study area: low, optimal, high. Fluoride concentration in water samples presents a low significant correlation with Ca2+. This suggests that fluoride in the groundwater come from fluoride-bearing minerals such as CaF2(fluorite). Maps were drawn to show the geographical distribution of EC, Ca2+, Mg2+and F-. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the dataset. Factor analysis resulted in four factors explained 76.90% of the total groundwater quality variance. Factor 1 (hardness of the groundwater) includes total hardness, the concentration of K+, Ca2+and pH. Factor 2 (low mineralization of the groundwater) includes concentrations of TDS, Cl--, SO42+and EC. Factor 3 (anthropogenic activities with the impact of agricultural fertilizers, farming activities, domestic wastewater, septic tanks) includes concentrations of Na+and NO3-. Factor 4 (weathering of calcium minerals) includes concentrations of F-. For cluster analysis, Ward’s method and the Euclidean distance were used. The findings of the cluster analysis are presented in the form of dendrogram of the well water sites (cases). The discriminating parameters between clusters have been highlighted from the Student test. In majority, they are in accordance with those highlighted by factor analysis.

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