scholarly journals Effects of Two-Stage Ditch and Natural Floodplains on Sediment Processes Driven by Different Hydrological Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2046
Author(s):  
Damiano Baldan ◽  
Matthias Pucher ◽  
Elmira Akbari ◽  
Thomas Hein ◽  
Gabriele Weigelhofer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
P Adsorption ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Restoration Technique

The two-stage ditch is a river restoration technique that aims at improving the sediment regime and lateral channel connectivity by recreating a small floodplain alongside a stream reach. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of a two-stage ditch in improving the stream sediment structure and functions under different hydrological conditions (baseflow, post-bankfull, post-flood). Stream sediments were collected in channel sections adjacent to the two-stage ditch, adjacent to a natural floodplain along channelized reaches without inundation areas. Grain sizes, organic matter content and phosphorous (P) fractions were analyzed along with functional parameters (benthic respiration rate and P adsorption capacity, EPC0). The reach at the two-stage ditch showed no changes in sediment texture and stocks, while the floodplain reach showed higher fines and organic matter content under all hydrological conditions. The sediments in degraded reaches were more likely to be P sources, while they were more in equilibrium with the water column next to the natural floodplains and the two-stage ditch. Only functional parameters allowed for assessing the restoration effects on improving the sediment stability and functionality. Due to its sensitivity, the use of P adsorption capacity is recommended in future studies aiming at evaluating the response of river sediments to restoration measures under different hydrological conditions.

scholarly journals Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Herbicide Mefenpyr-diethyl in the Agricultural Soils of Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellah El Boukili ◽  
Nidae Loudiyi ◽  
Ahmed El Bazaoui ◽  
Abderrahim El Hourch ◽  
M'Hamed Taibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the adsorption and desorption behavior of Mefenpyr-diethyl (MFD) using the batch equilibration technique in four soils, with different ranges of organic matter content, from different regions of Morocco orders of Benimellal (Soil 1), Settat (Soil 2), Sidi Bettach (Soil 3) and EL Hajeb (Soil 4). The adsorption isotherm models Langmuir, linear and Freundlich were used to compare the adsorption capacity of the soils. The results indicated that the Freundlich equation provided the best fit for all adsorption data. The values of KF and Kd ranged from 4.45 to 15.9 and 4.30 to 18.30 L.kg-1 , respectively. The calculated total percentage of desorption values from the Soil 1, Soil 2, Soil 3 and Soil 4 after the four desorption process were 59 %; 55,6 %; 37,5 % and 52,5%, respectively. Highest adsorption and desorption were observed in soil 1, and the lowest was in soil 3. According to the adsorption and desorption results, organic matter and clay seemed to be the most important factors influencing the adsorption capacity of MFD.

scholarly journals Examination of zinc adsorption capacity of soils treated with different pyrolysis products

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Gabriella Rétháti ◽  
Adrienn Vejzer ◽  
Barbara Simon ◽  
Ramadan Benjared ◽  
György Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Zinc Adsorption

Abstract Organic matter input into soils is essential regarding agricultural, environmental and soil science aspects as well. However, the application of the pyrolysed forms of biochars and materials with different organic matter content gained more attention in order to decrease the emission of the green house gases (CO2, N2O) from the soil. During pyrolysis, the materials containing high organic matter (biomass-originated organic matter) are heated in oxygen-free (or limited amount of oxygen) environment. As a result, the solid phase, which remains after eliminating the gases and liquid phase, is more stable compared to the original product, it cannot be mineralized easily in the soil and its utilization is more beneficial in terms of climatic aspects. Furthermore, it can improve soil structure and it can retain soil moisture and cations in the topsoil for long periods of time, which is very important for plants. In our experiment, the effects of biochar and bone char were examined on soils by zinc adsorption experiments. Based on our experiments, we concluded that the pyrolysis products can have significant Zn adsorption capacity compared to the soil. Bone ash can adsorb more Zn than the charcoal product. The Zn adsorption capacity of soils treated by pyrolysis products can be described by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. However, based on the amount of pyrolysis products, one or two term Langmuir isotherm fits well on the experiment data, which depends on the time the pyrolysis product has spent in the soil.

scholarly journals Contamination Alters the Physicochemical and Textural Characteristics of Clays in the Sediments of the Peri Urban Reconquista River, Affecting the Associated Indigenous Microorganisms

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ana E. Tufo ◽  
Susana Vázquez ◽  
Natalia F. Porzionato ◽  
María Celeste Grimolizzi ◽  
María Belén Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Textural Characteristics ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Textural Characterization ◽  
Reconquista River

The physicochemical and textural characteristics of river sediments and, essentially, their clays, are at the center of a network of biological and geochemical factors that are mutually modifying. Therefore, the contamination, the characteristics of the clays, and the associated microorganisms strongly influence each other. In this work, sediments from two sites of the urban Reconquista River, near Buenos Aires City, Argentina, exposed to different environmental contexts were characterized. The huge differences in the organic matter content in the vertical profile between both sediments strongly evidenced the polluted status of San Francisco (SF) site as opposed to the Dique Roggero (DR) site. Thorough physicochemical and textural characterization of the sediments and their clay fraction performed by pH, Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), spectrophotometry, XRD, laser diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, EDS, and SEM measurements revealed that organic matter (DR: 41 ± 5 g kg−1; SF: 150 ± 30 g kg−1) intervened in the retention of heavy metals (DR: 5.6 mg kg−1 Zn, 7 mg kg−1 Cu, 3.1 kg−1 Cr; SF: 240 mg kg−1 Zn, 60 mg kg−1 Cu, 270 mg kg−1 Cr) and affected the level of association and the formation of mineral–organic aggregates (DR: 15 ± 3 μm; SF: 23 ± 4 μm). This can be decisive in the surface interaction required for the establishment of bacterial assemblages, which determine the biogeochemical processes occurring in sediments and have a key role in the fate of contaminants in situ and in the remediation processes that need to be applied to restore the anoxic contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Fluometuron, Prometryne, Sencor, and 2,4-D by Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Liu ◽  
H. R. Cibes-Viadé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated

The adsorption capacity of Fluometuron, Prometryne, Sencor, and 2,4-D by 48 local soils was determined spectrophotometrically. The mean adsorptivities of the four herbicides by these soils were as follows: Prometryne 37.0 percent, Sencor 23.0 percent, Fluometuron 22.6 percent, and 2,4-D 12.4 percent. The results indicated that organic matter content was the factor most highly correlated with adsorption of these herbicides by the 48 soils. Cation exchange capacity was found to correlate significantly with adsorption of Fluometuron, Prometryne, and Sencor. Such was not the case with 2,4-D. Correlation between clay content and adsorption of Fluometuron and Sencor was statistically significant. In contrast, no significant correlation was noted between clay content and adsorption of Prometryne and 2,4-D.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

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