scholarly journals Corrections of Precipitation Particle Size Distribution Measured by a Parsivel OTT2 Disdrometer under Windy Conditions in the Antisana Massif, Ecuador

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Gualco ◽  
Lenin Campozano ◽  
Luis Maisincho ◽  
Leandro Robaina ◽  
Luis Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drop Size Distributions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

Monitoring precipitation in mountainous areas using traditional tipping-bucket rain gauges (TPB) has become challenging in sites with strong variations of air temperature and wind speed (Ws). The drop size distributions (DSD), amount, and precipitation-type of a Parsivel OTT2 disdrometer installed at 4730 m above sea level (close to the 0 °C isotherm) in the glacier foreland of the Antisana volcano in Ecuador are used to analyze the precipitation type. To correct the DSDs, we removed spurious particles and shifted fall velocities such that the mean value matches with the fall velocity–diameter relationship of rain, snow, graupel, and hail. Solid (SP) and liquid precipitation (LP) were identified through −1 and 3 °C thresholds and then grouped into low, medium, and high Ws categories by k-means approach. Changes in DSDs were tracked using concentration spectra and particle’s contribution by diameter and fall velocity. Thus, variations of concentration/dispersion and removed hydrometeors were linked with Ws changes. Corrected precipitation, assuming constant density (1 g cm−3), gives reliable results for LP with respect to measurements at TPB and overestimates SP measured in disdrometer. Therefore, corrected precipitation varying density models achieved fewer differences. These results are the first insight toward the understating of precipitation microphysics in a high-altitude site of the tropical Andes.

Precise computation of the direct and indirect topographic effects of Helmert's 2nd method of condensation using SRTM30 digital elevation model

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Topographic Effects ◽  
Topographic Effect ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elevation Model

Precise computation of the direct and indirect topographic effects of Helmert's 2nd method of condensation using SRTM30 digital elevation modelThe direct topographic effect (DTE) and indirect topographic effect (ITE) of Helmert's 2nd method of condensation are computed using the digital elevation model (DEM) SRTM30 in 30 arc-seconds globally. The computations assume a constant density of the topographic masses. Closed formulas are used in the inner zone of half degree, and Nagy's formulas are used in the innermost column to treat the singularity of integrals. To speed up the computations, 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D FFT) is applied in outer zone computations. The computation accuracy is limited to 0.1 mGal and 0.1cm for the direct and indirect effect, respectively.The mean value and standard deviation of the DTE are -0.8 and ±7.6 mGal over land areas. The extreme value -274.3 mGal is located at latitude -13.579° and longitude 289.496°, at the height of 1426 meter in the Andes Mountains. The ITE is negative everywhere and has its minimum of -235.9 cm at the peak of Himalayas (8685 meter). The standard deviation and mean value over land areas are ±15.6 cm and -6.4 cm, respectively. Because the Stokes kernel does not contain the zero and first degree spherical harmonics, the mean value of the ITE can't be compensated through the remove-restore procedure under the Stokes-Helmert scheme, and careful treatment of the mean value in the ITE is required.

scholarly journals Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Wazirista

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Mati Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Noman Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Nightmares badly influence health and learning. Population of the study comprised of all boys and girls of Secondary Schools in NWA whereas (n=403) respondents, 202(50.12%) boys and 201(49.88%) girls were taken as sample from the entire population. Face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents through stratified random sampling technique. The key objective of the study was to examine relationship of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Data was delimited to Secondary School students in NWA. Data was statistically analyzed through SPSS by using Pearson Correlation. The respondents perceived nightmares responsible for students’ poor health and low academic achievement. The Mean value of nightmare was 3.2109, SD, 1.43263, and (p, .000 < 0.05) with negative ‘r’= - .355** which shows negative correlation of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Results and conclusions were drawn. Recommendations were suggested for future researchers and further improvement in the study.

Further Analysis of Ration and Growth Relationship of Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3237-3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Zaky Rafail
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Power Equation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Weight Groups

Evidence is given that the average daily rations (R) and fortnightly growth increments (ΔW) of six weight groups of Pleuronectes platessa fed on Mytilus edulis are related as in the power equation ±(ΔW−ΔWm) = ±b(|R–Rm|)B. Rm is the daily ration associated with the growth increment (ΔWm) at maximum growth efficiency; b and B are parameters. The power B has a mean value of about 0.5 and shows significant deviations from the mean especially in the case of smaller fish.

scholarly journals Wits Appraisal of a Qatari Male Population: A Comparative Study. Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Hashim ◽  
Najat Al-Sayed ◽  
Ayah AL-Qaisi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gender Specific

Introduction: Cephalometric analysis aims to determine skeletal and dental relationships. The ANB angle, initially suggested by Rediel and applied by Steiner. is the most used angle in establishing the anteroposterior relationship of the mandible to the maxilla. However, limitations to the accuracy of the ANB angle for this purpose have been reported. To avoid these potential sources of inaccuracy a diagnostic tool was introduced by Jenkins and later modified by Jacobson and became known as the “Wits appraisal”. Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the Wits appraisal value in a sample of Qatari males, a group which had not previously been studied in this context, and to compare the findings with those from racially and ethnically differing groups as reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 28 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Qatari males with an age range of 15 to 32 years, presenting with a well-balanced facial appearance and an acceptable profile. Results: The mean value of the Wits appraisal for Qatari males in the present study was 0.50 ± 2.96. This differed at a statistically significant level from the mean value in the Jacobson study with no gender significant difference noted. On the other hand, significant differences were found when compared with previous reports on different races. Conclusion: The Wits appraisal value for the Qatari male population studied was 0.5±2.96, a result which is significantly higher than that reported in Jacobson’s study. This study revealed that the Wits appraisal is not ethnicity or gender-specific, and therefore cannot be used to differentiate between different ethnic groups. However, it can find application as an alternative to the ANB angle in the treatment of borderline cases. The application of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) will enhance the diagnosis and treatment of cases by yielding three-dimensional views.

scholarly journals Optimization of Daylight Factor Distribution Using Standard Deviations Based on Shifting Window Position

Kursor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yose Rizal ◽  
Imam Robandi ◽  
Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Window Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Window Area ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Natural lighting is an important factor that affects the comfort of building users. Natural lighting in a room requires a window area of ​​at least 1/6 of the floor area. This study was conducted to obtain the distribution of Daylight Factor (DF) as a natural lighting factor during the day in the room, based on the shift in the position of the window on the wall. The distribution of lighting entering the depth of the room through window openings is a tool to compare the best window position in the spread of illumination with DF calculations based on Sky Component (SC). Shifting the window position will be analyzed by Standard Deviation (S) and Mean (μ) based on the DF distribution. Optimizations of the DF distribution on the window position shifts if it has the largest DF mean value and the smallest DF variant value. The results of the study in a simple room showed that the optimal DF distribution was at the window position in the middle and the mean value was 2.59%. The relationship of shifting window position and DF distribution can be useful for architects to determine the function of a room in architectural design.

Psychometric Properties of a Stress Questionnaire and its Use in the Workplace

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

This study focused on the reliability and validity of the stress questionnaire and the relationship of responses to types of work. This self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all 799 employees of a company. 792 responded. There are 21 items with yes-no responses for which the score was the sum of assigned weights. Types of work represented manager, technical manufacturer, clerk, manufacturer, and sales. From a principal axis factor analysis three factors were extracted for men and for women, respectively. There was a significant difference in mean score among five groups of workplace positions by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of covariance ( p = .04). The mean value for manager was not significant but was relatively lower than those of the other positions, suggesting that being a manager was less stressful. Confirmation with the testing of an independent sample is also needed to validate the consistency of the association.

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Tingkat Religiusitas Orang Tua dengan Religiusitas Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-62
Author(s):  
Alfin Maskur
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relationship Of

Children are individuals who determine the future and quality of the nation, so it is important to consider the development of the child, namely physical development, psychiatric and spirituality. A strong base of planting through the guidance and religious education, the role of family began to weaken because of the social, political and cultural changes that occurred. The family has lost its function in student emotion development especially in the adolescent phase. The purpose of this research is to test the relationship of parents ' religiality to the level of religiality of students of XI MAN Prambon class. Using the quantitative approach of the results of this research is as follows: (1) The level of religiality of parents of class XI MAN Prambon is categorized as excellent based on the mean value of 130, 718 which is guided by the absolute score criteria ; (2) The level of religiality of students of the class XI MAN Prambon is categorized very well based on the mean value of 127,971 which is guided by the absolute score criteria; (3) There is a significant relationship with the level of parents ' religiality and the level of religiality of class students of XI MAN Prambon with the correlation value of product moment of 0765 that is greater than the value of R table and the value of Sig under 0.05 is 0.000.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA KELAS X MIA MAN 3 MEDAN T.P. 2017/2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aisyah Putri Rambe ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Neneng Chairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Biology Learning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Requirements

This study aims to determine the relationship of emotional intelligence with learning outcomes Biology X class students MIA MAN 3 Medan Year Learning 2017/2018. The population in this study is all students of class X MIA MAN 3 Medan consisting of 5 classes. Sample used 2 classes from 5 classes with total 81 students. To obtain the data of emotional intelligence used questionnaire that has been validated by a validator lecturer. While the results of biology learning taken from the value of daily student ulagan obtained from teachers of Biology study. The data obtained are searched for the mean value, standard deviation, and test the data requirements. Emotional intelligence of students has ± SD of 91.30 ± 9.26, while the student's biology learning outcome is 78.37 ± 8.73. From the results of statistical analysis known the relationship of emotional intelligence with the results of biology students have a linear regression equation and have a meaningful relationship, this we can see from the high correlation coefficient of 0.871 and the amount of emotional intelligence contribution to student biology learning results of equal 75.69%. This means that emotional intelligence has a positive relationship with learning outcomes Biology X class student MIA MAN 3 Medan Year Learning 2017/2018.Keywords: Emotional intelligence, learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Wazirist

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Mati Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Noman Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Nightmares badly influence health and learning. Population of the study comprised of all boys and girls of Secondary Schools in NWA whereas (n=403) respondents, 202(50.12%) boys and 201(49.88%) girls were taken as sample from the entire population. Face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents through stratified random sampling technique. The key objective of the study was to examine relationship of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Data was delimited to Secondary School students in NWA. Data was statistically analyzed through SPSS by using Pearson Correlation. The respondents perceived nightmares responsible for students’ poor health and low academic achievement. The Mean value of nightmare was 3.2109, SD, 1.43263, and (p, .000 < 0.05) with negative ‘r’= - .355** which shows negative correlation of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Results and conclusions were drawn. Recommendations were suggested for future researchers and further improvement in the study.

scholarly journals Relationship of the Mean Glandular Dose with Compressed Breast Thickness in Digital Mammography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Samjhana Khadka ◽  
Anamika Jha ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Shanta Lall Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Mean Glandular Dose ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Breast Thickness

Introduction: Mammography is one of the most commonly performed radiological investigations for evaluation of breast cancer. As it involves ionizing radiation, there remains a risk of radiation induced cancer. In this study, we evaluated compressed breast thickness (CBT) and mean glandular dose (MGD) during routine mammography. Methods: This prospective study was performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of TUTH. Data of 500 consecutive patients who underwent mammography over a period of 4 months (June 2018 to September 2018) was collected. The age, CBT and MGD were recorded. Pearson correlation and paired-t tests were performed. Results: Most of the patients belonged to 41-50 years age group. MGD was significantly higher in patients with increased CBT. The CBT and MGD was higher in MLO view compared to CC views. The mean value of total MGD for four views was 5.1±1.4 mGy. There was significant positive correlation (r= 0.517) between CBT and MGD with increase in MGD with increase in CBT. Conclusions: The MGD and dose equivalent in our routine mammography is within the recommended limits. MGD increases with increasing CBT and vice-versa. Hence, decreasing the thickness of compressed breast, can decrease the amount of radiation absorbed by the glandular tissue of the breast.  

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