scholarly journals Thermal Time Requirements for Maize Growth in Northeast China and Their Effects on Yield and Water Supply under Climate Change Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2612
Author(s):  
Na Mi ◽  
Fu Cai ◽  
Shujie Zhang ◽  
Yushu Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Maize Cultivars

Northeast China (NEC) is a region sensitive to climate change. However, the adoption of long-season maize cultivars in NEC has caused a substantial yield increase under climate change conditions. It is important to determine whether such cultivar adoptions are effective throughout the whole NEC to sustainably increase grain yield. In this study, phenological observations and meteorological data at six sites from 1981 to 2018 were used to detect thermal time (TT) trends during the maize growing period. TT, as a parameter for measuring changes in maize cultivars, was used in the crop simulation model CERES-Maize to examine the variations in maize yield produced with different cultivar × climate combinations in different decades. In NEC, both TTs from emergence to anthesis and from anthesis to physiological maturity showed significant increasing trends from 1981 to 2018. Simulation results for humid areas revealed that adopting longer-season cultivars during 2000–2018 caused yield increases, ranging from 6.3% to 13.3%, compared with the 1980s. However, for stations in semi-humid areas, maize grain yield showed a decrease or a small increase (from −12.7% to 8.0%) when longer-season cultivars were adopted during 2000–2018. For semi-humid areas, decreasing trends in the ratios of rainfed yield to no water-stress yield (Yrainfed/Yno water-stress) and lower Yrainfed/Yno water-stress values during 2000–2018 indicated a growing sensitivity of maize production to water, which was attributed to changes in TT and precipitation. Our results indicate that, for the semi-humid area, maize yield was limited by water after introducing cultivars with higher TT requirement under climate change conditions. Therefore, securing food supplies will depend on increases in water-use efficiency levels and other adaptive strategies, such as varietal diversification, drought-resistant varieties, conservation tillage and irrigation.

scholarly journals Simulation of growth and yield of rainfed maize under varied agronomic management and changing climatic scenario in Nawalparasi, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Umesh Shrestha ◽  
Lal Prasad Amgain ◽  
Tika Bahadur Karki ◽  
Khem Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
The Impact

Correction: Figure 3 was corrupted and so the PDF was replaced on 29th December 2016 with the corrected Figure 3.A field experiment and simulation modeling study in combination for different maize cultivars planted at different sowing dates were accomplished at Kawasoti-5, Nawalparasi during spring season of 2013 to assess the impact of climate change scenario as predicted by IPCC in rainfed spring maize by using CSM-CERES-Maize model. Result showed that RML-4/RML-17 produced higher kernel rows/ ear (13.77), kernel per row (30.42) and test weight (244.9 g). Significantly higher grain yield was also found for RML-4/RML-17 (6.03 t/ha) compared to Poshilo makai-1 (4.73 t/ha), Arun-2 (3.55 t/ha) and Local (2.92 t/ha). Earlier sowing date (7th April) actually produced higher kernel/row (27.97), kernel rows/ear (12.89) and 1000 grain weight (230 g). Significantly higher grain yield (5.13t/ha) was obtained in earlier sowing date (7th April). The CSM-CERES-Maize model was calibrated and found well validated with days to anthesis (RMSE= 0.426 day and D-index= 0.998), days to physiological maturity (RMSE=0.674 day and D-index= 0.999), number of grain/m2 at maturity (RMSE= 85.287 grain /m2 and D-index= 0.993), unit weight at maturity (RMSE=0.012 g/kernel and D-index= 0.854) and grain yield (RMSE=54.94 kg/ha and D-index= 1.00). The model was found sensitive to climate change parameters. The sensitivity for various climate change parameter indicated that there was severely decreased trend in simulated rainfed spring maize yield with the increment of maximum and minimum temperature, decrease in solar radiation and decrease carbondioxide concentration. Even 2°C rise in temperature can decrease around 15-20% yield of spring maize and this negative effect was even more pronounced in hybrid than other cultivars.Journal of Maize Research and Development (2015) 1(1):123-133DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34289

scholarly journals Multi-Site Evaluation of Accumulated Temperature and Rainfall for Maize Yield and Disease in Loess Plateau

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Wang ◽  
Xinghua Zhang ◽  
Mingxian Yang ◽  
Xiaonan Gou ◽  
Binbin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Accumulated Temperature

The Guanzhong region is a typical and important grain-producing area in China. The effect of accumulated temperature and rainfall on maize production is important in the face of global warming. Here, we collected meteorological data from six test sites in the Guanzhong region to study climate change from 1972 to 2018 in this area. A two-year study was conducted at multiple experimental sites to analyze the effect of climatic factors on maize yield and disease in the Guanzhong region. In the past 40 years, average temperatures have significantly increased at all sites, except for Hancheng. Rainfall varied significantly between years at each site, except for Huxian, with an overall declining trend. Accumulated temperature had a significant positive effect on yield (R2 = 0.28, p = 0.041 < 0.05), but rainfall did not affect yield (R2 = 0.0971, p = 0.324 > 0.05). During the growing period, total rainfall had a significant positive correlation with northern leaf blight disease in maize, and rainfall before silking had a significant positive correlation with ear length and row grain number. The demand for accumulated temperature by maize differed between sites. It is predicted that maize yield will increase with increasing temperature in the Guanzhong region. Greater attention should be paid to improve agronomic practices, such as adjustment of sowing dates, straw mulching, deep tillage, and pest control to adapt to future climate change.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Calcium Sprays on Yield and Grain Nutritional Composition of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abbas ◽  
Hashim Abdel-Lattif ◽  
Mohamed Shahba
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Maize Cultivars

Drought stress is seriously affecting maize production. To investigate the influence of calcium (Ca) foliar application on maize production and chemical composition of grains under drought stress, two experiments were carried out at Cairo University Research Station, Giza, Egypt, during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experimental design was split-split plot design with a completely randomized blocks arrangement with three replications. Water regimes were assigned to the main plots [100 (control), 75, and 50% of estimated evapotranspiration]. Calcium levels (zero and 50 mg/L) were assigned to the sub plots. Maize cultivars (SC-P3444, Sammaz-35 and EVDT) were assigned to the sub-sub plots. Three maize cultivars were sprayed with Ca solution concentration (50 mg/L) under normal and drought conditions. The control treatment (0 mg/L) was sprayed with an equal amount of distilled water for comparison. Results indicated a significant decrease in total yield and grain characteristics [protein, ash, total sugars, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and iron (Fe) contents] as a response of drought. Calcium foliar application significantly increased maize yield, protein, ash, carbohydrates, starch, total sugars, and ionic contents of grains, except for manganese (Mn), under all irrigation levels. Based on the drought tolerance index (DTI), only cultivar SC-P3444 showed drought tolerance while cultivars Sammaz-35 and EVDT were sensitive to drought stress. Foliar application of Ca on SC-P3444 cultivar achieved the highest grain yield per hectare (8061 kg) under the water regime of 100% of the total evapotranspiration, followed by Sammaz-35 (7570 kg), and EVDT (7191 kg) cultivars. At the water regime of 75% of estimated evapotranspiration (75% irrigation), Ca foliar application increased grain yield by 16, 13 and 14% in SC-P3444, Sammaz-35, and EVDT, respectively. At the water regime of 50% of the estimated evapotranspiration (50% irrigation), Ca foliar application increased grain yield by 17, 16, and 13% in SC-P3444, Sammaz-35, and EVDT, respectively. In brief, Ca had a clear impact on productivity and grain quality with important implications for maize yield under normal and water stress conditions. Our findings demonstrate that foliar application of Ca enabled drought stressed maize plants to survive better under stress. The most water stress tolerant cultivar was SC-P3444 followed by Sammaz-35 and EVDT under drought stress.

scholarly journals The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Oat Lodging in the UK and Republic of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mohammadi ◽  
John Finnan ◽  
Chris Baker ◽  
Mark Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact that climate change may have on the lodging of oats in the Republic of Ireland and the UK. Through the consideration of a novel lodging model representing the motion of an oat plant due to the interaction of wind and rain and integrating future predictions of wind and rainfall due to climate change, appropriate conclusions have been made. In order to provide meteorological data for the lodging model, wind and rainfall inputs are analysed using 30 years’ time series corresponding to peak lodging months (June and July) from 38 meteorological stations in the United Kingdom and the Irish Republic, which enables the relevant probability density functions (PDFs) to be established. Moreover, climate data for the next six decades in the British Isles produced by UK climate change projections (UKCP18) are analysed, and future wind and rainfall PDFs are obtained. It is observed that the predicted changes likely to occur during the key growing period (June to July) in the next 30 years are in keeping with variations, which can occur due to different husbandry treatments/plant varieties. In addition, the utility of a double exponential function for representing the rainfall probability has been observed with appropriate values for the constants given.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Crop yield and Evaluation of Coping Strategy using Crop Growth Simulation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
J. Alam ◽  
R. K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Area Index

 Any change in climate will have implications for climate-sensitive systems such as agriculture, forestry and some other natural resources. Changes in solar radiation, temperature and precipitation will produce changes in crop yields and hence economics of agriculture. It is possible to understand the phenomenon of climate change on crop production and to develop adaptation strategies for sustainability in food production, using a suitable crop simulation model. CERES-Maize model of DSSAT v4.0 was used to simulate the maize yield of the region under climate change scenarios using the historical weather data at Kharagpur (1977-2007), Damdam (1974-2003) and Purulia (1986-2000), West Bengal, India. The model was calibrated using the crop experimental data, climate data and soil data for two years (1996-1997) and was validated by using the data of the year 1998 at Kharagpur. The change in values of weather parameters due to climate change and its effects on the maize crop growth and yield was studied. It was observed that increase in mean temperature and leaf area index have negative impacts on maize yield. When the maximum leaf area index increased, the grain yield was found to be decreased. Increase in CO2 concentration with each degree incremental temperature decreased the grain yield but increase in CO2 concentration with fixed temperature increased the maize yield. Adjustments were made in the date of sowing to investigate suitable option for adaptation under the future climate change scenarios. Highest yield was obtained when the sowing date was advanced by a week at Kharagpur and Damdam whereas for Purulia, the experimental date of sowing was found to be beneficial.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and putrescine content as drought stress indicators in corn cultivars fertilized with silicon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1252-1258
Author(s):  
Hudson Carvalho Bianchini ◽  
Douglas Jose Marques
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Negative Impacts

The effects of drought stress on maize have been extensively reported in tropical and subtropical areas, including morphological changes in plants and reductions in the grain yield. The development of sustainable alternatives that help mitigate the negative impacts of water stress is indispensable for the development of agricultural crops. This study evaluates the effect of silicon fertilization in two irrigation blades, on gas exchange, putrescine content, quantification of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe by neutron activation and grain yield in two maize cultivars, tolerant and sensitive to drought stress. Two experiments were conducted, the first using BR-1010 (sensitive to drought stress) and the second using DKB-390 (tolerant to drought stress), in 19 dm-3 pots with one plant in each pot. The experiment was organized in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, combining two irrigation blades (30 percent and 100 percent of necessary water replacement) and two silicon conditions per pots: control (-Si), and 27g Si (+Si) using calcium silicate (10.5 percent Si) with four replicates. The contents of putrescine, Ca, K, Zn, and Fe, as well as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic contents were quantified. Maize yield was measured at the end of the study. It was concluded that supplementation with Si contributes to a 12 percent increase in yield for BR-1010 (drought sensitive) and 14 percent for DKB-390 (drought tolerant). Si increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance in DKB-390. The content of putrescine increased in plants submitted to drought stress and can be considered as an indicator of drought stress. The leaf contents of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe varied according to the cultivars and water blade studied.

scholarly journals Different Time Windows Provide Divergent Estimates of Climate Variability and Change Impacts on Maize Yield in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Deng ◽  
Yao Huang ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
Lingfei Yu ◽  
Xunyu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Variability And Change

Maize is the main crop in Northeast China (NEC), but is susceptible to climate variations. Using county-level data from 1980 to 2010, we established multiple linear regression models between detrended changes in maize yield and climate variables at two time windows—whole-season and vegetative and reproductive (V&R) phases. Based on climate change trends, these regression models were used to assess climate variability and change impacts on maize yield in different regions of NEC. The results show that different time windows provide divergent estimates. Climate change over the 31 years induced a 1.3% reduction in maize yield at the time window of whole-season, but an increase of 9.1% was estimated at the time window of V&R phases. The yield improvement is attributed to an increase in minimum temperature at the vegetative phase when the temperatures were much lower than the optimum. Yield fluctuations due to inter-annual climate variability were estimated to be ±9% per year at the time window of V&R phases, suggesting that the impact of climate variability on maize yield is much greater than climate change. Trends in precipitation were not responsible for the yield change, but precipitation anomalies contributed to the yield fluctuations. The impacts of warming on maize yield are regional specific, depending on the local temperatures relative to the optimum. Increase in maximum temperature led to a reduction of maize yield in western NEC, but to an increase in mid-east part of NEC. Our findings highlight the necessity of taking into account the phenological phase when assessing the climate impacts on crop yield, and the importance of buffering future crop production from climate change in NEC.

scholarly journals Effects of Recent Climate Change on Maize Yield in Southwest Ecuador

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Gina Lopez ◽  
Thomas Gaiser ◽  
Frank Ewert ◽  
Amit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Recent Climate Change ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Semi Arid

In recent years, evidence of recent climate change has been identified in South America, affecting agricultural production negatively. In response to this, our study employs a crop modelling approach to estimate the effects of recent climate change on maize yield in four provinces of Ecuador. One of them belongs to a semi-arid area. The trend analysis of maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation was done for 36 years (from 1984 to 2019) using the Mann–Kendall test. Furthermore, we simulated (using the LINTUL5 model) the counterfactual maize yield under current crop management in the same time-span. During the crop growing period, results show an increasing trend in the temperature in all the four studied provinces. Los Rios and Manabi showed a decreasing trend in radiation, whereas the semi-arid Loja depicted a decreasing precipitation trend. Regarding the effects of climate change on maize yield, the semi-arid province Loja showed a more significant negative impact, followed by Manabi. The yield losses were roughly 40 kg ha−1 and 10 kg ha−1 per year, respectively, when 250 kg N ha−1 is applied. The simulation results showed no effect in Guayas and Los Rios. The length of the crop growing period was significantly different in the period before and after 2002 in all provinces. In conclusion, the recent climate change impact on maize yield differs spatially and is more significant in the semi-arid regions.

The potential mechanism of long-term conservation tillage effects on maize yield in the black soil of Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixiu Zhang ◽  
Xuewen Chen ◽  
Shuxia Jia ◽  
Aizhen Liang ◽  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Potential Mechanism

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of the EPIC Model for Maize Production in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Junior Choruma ◽  
Juraj Balkovic ◽  
Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Epic Model ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Maize Cultivars

Crop models are useful tools to evaluate the effects of agricultural management on ecosystem services. However, before they can be applied with confidence, it is important to calibrate and validate crop models in the region of interest. In this study, the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was evaluated for its potential to simulate maize yield using limited data from field trials on two maize cultivars. Two independent fields at the Cradock Research Farm were used, one for calibration and one for validation. Before calibration, mean simulated yield was 8 t ha−1 while mean observed yield was 11.26 t ha−1. Model calibration improved mean simulated yield to 11.23 t ha−1 with a coefficient of determination, (r2) = 0.76 and a model efficiency (NSE) = 0.56. Validation with grain yield was satisfactory with r2 = 0.85 and NSE = 0.61. Calibration of potential heat units (PHUs) and soil-carbon related parameters improved model simulations. Although the study only used grain yield to calibrate and evaluate the model, results show that the calibrated model can provide reasonably accurate simulations. It can be concluded that limited data sets from field trials on maize can be used to calibrate the EPIC model when comprehensive experimental data are not available.

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