scholarly journals Smart Charging Needs, Wants and Demands, Charging Experiences and Opinions of EV Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Baerte de Brey ◽  
Lotte Gardien ◽  
Ellen Hiep
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

To reduce emissions of harmful substances (such as CO2, NOx and particulate matter) from transportation a fuel transition is essential. Electric transport is one of the most promising options for achieving this. In order to make this new electric transport market function efficiently, new interactions between new and existing parties are required. The growth of electric transport increases the peak demand for electricity. This creates a greater mismatch between moments of supply and moments of demand. In other words, EV drivers want to have their car charged before departure, and grid operators need to allocate resources to meet this demand. Flexibility from both players is required. Charging must be further optimised (become “smarter”) to facilitate this flexibility. Smart charging means: controlling and optimising the time and speed of charging. For example, when there is a large supply of solar and wind energy, there is little other demand for electricity and the price for electricity is low. With the contribution of many organisations, the Vereniging Elektrische Rijders (VER) and ElaadNL have jointly investigated the experiences and opinions of electric drivers about the smart charging of electric cars with a broad survey called the “National Charging Research”. In total, more than 1800 Dutch electric drivers took part in this study. Among other things, the research paid attention to the way in which EV drivers charge their electric cars, which bottlenecks they experience (at home and away) and what the experience is with smart charging. The main finding was that many EV drivers are familiar with smart charging. They are willing to apply smart charging, but they want to be in control of their sessions. To give them that control, both insight and transparency are essential. To meet the needs and wants of both EV drivers and grid operators, alignment with the momentum of European legislation is required to avoid a mismatch of energy between moments of supply and demand.

Alternative to the internal combustion engine

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

Caused by the need to replace internal combustion engines (ICEs) with emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air, the search for technological alternatives led to the need to use electricity generated and sold from various, including renewable energy sources. Keywords alternative; electricity; hybridization; electric transport

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF COMBUSTION MODES DURING LAYER-BURNING OF SHUBARKUL COAL ON THE FIRE GRATE WITH THE HAND FURNACE OF THE KSVR-0.43 HOT WATER BOILER

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 856-870
Author(s):  
Rakhimzhan K ORUMBAYEV ◽  
Andrey A KIBARIN ◽  
Balzhan T BAKHTIYAR ◽  
Arman S KASSIMOV ◽  
Maxim S KOROBKOV
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

Experience shows that the trend towards using solid fuels in the energy sector of Kazakhstan will be implemented for a rather long time. At the same time, the global trend is currently tightening environmental requirements. They set the task to continue improving coal combustion efficiency and minimize emissions of harmful substances and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This article aims to conduct complex thermal engineering tests of the KCVr-0.43 hot water boiler. For this, the following measurement and control tools were used: the standard boiler room secondary devices, an industrial gas analyzer Testo-350, a control (reading) module Testo-454 with temperature probes and a Pitot tube, a soot number meter Testo-308, a temperature meter 2TPM1, a portable liquid flow meter Vzlet-PRC and a stopwatch. All they had valid verification and calibration certificates. An analysis of the gas composition and technical parameters of the KCVr-0.43 hot water boiler in the investigated operation mode with Shubarkul coal during a long-term test showed that it seems possible to operate boilers of this series under low load conditions without boosting air and fuel. They can reduce emissions of toxic NOx and greenhouse gases CO2 into the atmosphere. In this case, burning Shubarkul coal without forcing through the air is characterized by significant carbon monoxide CO emissions. The formed nitrogen oxides NOx decompose in reactions with CO with the formation of molecular nitrogen and oxygen. Burning, coke residue in the layer, coal-burning stages, emissions of harmful substances.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ В СТРУКТУРІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
І. Новаковська ◽  
Н. Іщенко
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The article has considered the ecological component land use of the automobile transport. The main reasons for the negative impact of land use of automobile transport on the environment have been indicated. Their tendency, sources and nature of influence on the use of automobile transport lands have been investigated. The analysis of the harmful in fluence of automobile transport on the vital activity and health of people has been carried out, as well as the data of emissions of harmful substances into the environment have been generated. The dynamics of electric vehicle sales in Ukraine has been presented. A comparative an alysis of economic and environmental efficiency from the use of electric cars and cars on traditional types of fuel, on the example of the brand KIA Soul (Electric) and KIA Soul has been carried out. The pay back period of the use of "green transport" has been calculated. Priority directions for increasing the economic and environmental components of the use of road vehicles has been proposed.

scholarly journals Regional Energy, CO2, and Economic and Air Quality Index Performances in China: A Meta-Frontier Approach

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu ◽  
Liang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Rapid economic development has resulted in a significant increase in energy consumption and pollution such as carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), SO2, and NO2 emissions, which can cause cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Therefore, to ensure a sustainable future, it is essential to improve economic efficiency and reduce emissions. Using a Meta-frontier Non-radial Directional Distance Function model, this study took energy consumption, the labor force, and fixed asset investments as the inputs, Gross domestic product (GDP) as the desirable output, and CO2 and the Air Quality Index (AQI) scores as the undesirable outputs to assess energy efficiency and air pollutant index efficiency scores in China from 2013–2016 and to identify the areas in which improvements was necessary. It was found that there was a large gap between the western and eastern cities in China. A comparison of the CO2 and AQI in 31 Chinese cities showed a significant difference in the CO2 emissions and AQI efficiency scores, with the lower scoring cities being mainly concentrated in China’s western region. It was therefore concluded that China needs to pay greater attention to the differences in the economic levels, stages of social development, and energy structures in the western cities when developing appropriately focused improvement plans.

scholarly journals Ensuring Requirements for Emissions of Harmful Substances of Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
G. M. Kuharonak ◽  
D. V. Kapskiy ◽  
V. I. Berezun
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The purpose of this work is to consider the requirements for emissions of harmful substances of diesel engines by selecting design and adjustment parameters that determine the organization of the workflow, and the exhaust gas cleaning system, taking into account the reduction of fuel consumption. Design elements and geometric characteristics of structures for a turbocharged diesel engine of Д-245 series produced by JSC HMC Minsk Motor Plant (4ЧН11/12.5) with a capacity of 90 kW equipped with an electronically controlled battery fuel injection have been developed: exhaust gas recirculation along the high pressure circuit, shape and dimensions of the combustion chamber, the number and angular arrangement of the nozzle openings in a nozzle atomizer, and inlet channels of the cylinder head. Methods for organizing a workflow are proposed that take into account the shape of the indicator diagrams and affect the emissions of nitrogen oxides and dispersed particles differently. Their implementation allows us to determine the boundary ranges of changes in the control parameters of the fuel supply and exhaust gas recirculation systems when determining the area of minimizing the specific effective fuel consumption and the range of studies for the environmental performance of a diesel engine. The paper presents results of the study on the ways to meet  the requirements for emissions of harmful substances, obtained by considering options for the organization of working processes, taking into account the reduction in specific effective fuel consumption, changes in the average temperature of the exhaust gases and diesel equipment. To evaluate these methods, the following indicators have been identified: changes in specific fuel consumption and average temperature of the toxicity cycle relative to the base cycle, the necessary degree of conversion of the purification system for dispersed particles and NOx. Recommendations are given on choosing a diesel engine to meet Stage 4 emission standards for nitrogen oxides and dispersed particles.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

Sources of Air Pollution

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-258
Author(s):  
Abderrezak Khelfi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Life On Earth

This chapter describes how air is a complex natural gaseous system essential to support life on Earth. Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources, which discharge of harmful substances into the atmosphere, causing adverse effects to humans and the environment. They can be natural or anthropogenic. Natural air pollution sources are multiple and include volcanic eruption, fire, ocean vapors, dust storms and fermentation of organic materials. However, the range and quantities of chemicals discharged into the atmosphere from industry, transport, agriculture, energy production, domestic heating, and many other human activities, have increased dramatically. Some pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere and are known as primary pollutants (NOx, SOx, particulate matter, etc.). Others are formed in the air as a result of chemical reactions with other pollutants and atmospheric gases; these are known as secondary pollutants like ozone. This chapter provides an overview on air pollution sources as well as the ways in which pollutants can affect human health and the environment.

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