Polymorphism genes CSN3, PIT-1, PRL, GH in Yaroslavskaya breed of cows in association with the indicators of milk productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
L. Chizhova ◽  
A. Mikhailenko ◽  
E. Surzhikova ◽  
A. Chudnovets ◽  
T. Mikhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Marker Alleles ◽  
Productive Traits

A common component of all breeding programs for working with breeds, populations, and herds is to increase the genetic potential, preserve and improve the gene pool of valuable domestic breeds of farm animals, including dairy cattle. Methods of molecular genetics allow us to study, evaluate, and predict breeding, productive traits that persistently transmit and progressively develop in generations. The purpose of these researches was to study the polymorphism of genes: Kappacasein – CSN3, pituitary transcription factor – PIT-1, prolactin – PRL, somatotropin – GH and searching the association of their polymorphic variants with the indicators of dairy productivity of Yaroslavlskaya breed of cows bred in the Stavropol Territory. It has been found by using PCR-PDRF methods that the polymorphism of the studied genes is represented by two alleles: gene CSN3 – alleles CSN3A and CSN3B ; gene PIT-1 – PIT-1A and PIT-1B ; gene PRL – PRLA and PRLB , gene GH – GHL and GHV , and three genotypes – CSN3AA, CSN3BB, CSN3AB; PIT-1AA, PIT-1BB, PIT-1AB; PRLAA, PRLBB, PRLAB; GHLL, GHVV, GHVL, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of selectively signifi cant alleles has been determined, and genotypes of carriers of genetic markers have been identifi ed. It has been found that the specifi c weight of animals carrying genocomplexes of 4 genes and 8 desirable alleles was 0,63, of 4 genes and 7 marker alleles – 3,16, of 4 genes and 6, 5, 4 marker alleles – 20,87 %. Most of the animals (62,7 %) were carriers of genocomplexes of 4, 3, 2 genes and 2 marker alleles. The conclusion has been made about necessity of wide use of genotypes the carriers of genetic markers in the selection process that will ensure gathering in herds of Yaroslavskaya breed of desirable alleles and create conditions for improving the effi ciency of its breeding in the Stavropol Territory.

The influence of asparaginates of iodine, cobalt, selenium and the drug «Creamino» on the metabolism and productive traits of young cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
T. A. Krasnoshchekova ◽  
E. Yu. Zalyubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Productive Traits

The determining factor in increasing the productivity of farm animals is the provision of comlete feeding of animals through feed additives. Among the functional feed additives containing essential trace elements, a special place under the conditions of the Amur region is given to microadditives of selenium, iodine and cobalt. The Amur region belongs to the biogeochemical region in which the defi ciency of I, Se and Co in feed is from 80 to 95 % compared to the average Russian indicators. The purpose of the work was to compare the eff ect of feed additives made from red alga Ahnfeltia, soy protein asparaginates separately and together with the drug “Creamino” on the growth, development and metabolism of young cattle. Under the conditions of the Amur region on the basis of their own experimental data in the rearing of young cattle, the eff ectiveness of the use of the drug “Creamino” and red alga Ahnfeltia has been scientifi cally justifi ed. The conducted scientifi c and economic and physiological experiments allowed us to determine the eff ect of red anfel on the growth and development, metabolic processes of replacement heifers and the growth rate of steers when they were fed soy protein asparaginates together with the drug “Creamino”. The evaluation of the economic effi ciency of feeding heifers I, Co and Se in organic form as part of soy protein asparaginates and red alga Ahnfeltia has shown a higher economic eff ect per 1 head per day in the 2nd experimental group, where the level of profi tability was 28,6 %. The results of the research and production experiment on steers have shown that from an economic point of view, it is advisable to use I, Co and Se in their rations in the form of soy protein asparaginates together with the drug “Creamino”, feeding of which can signifi cantly increase the economic eff ect, which is 1 head per day of 4,47 rubles with a profi tability level of 31,0 %.

STRUCTURAL AND LOGISTIC MODEL OF MATERIAL FLOWS ON DIGITALLIVESTOCK FARM

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR V KIRSANOV VLADIMIR V ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Model ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
Multi Agent

The problems of the digitalization of livestock enterprises are closely related to the construction of models and algorithms describing the functioning of individual technological processes and subsystems united by a common control system. Based on the cluster approach, three groups of tasks for the intellectualization and digitalization of objects in livestock breeding are formulated: 1) recognition of images of biological objects and models of their group and individual behavior, 2) genomic assessment of farm animals, prediction of their genetic potential, with the possibility of better adaptation to technologies and specifi c economic conditions, 3) multi-agent management of automated and robotic technical means. The authors initialized the video images of biological objects, developed a structural and functional model of a complex biotechnical system “Man-Machine-Animal”, including automated workstations of key specialists, signal receiving-and-transmitting base stations, technological modules for animal service (feeding, watering, milking, microclimate, etc.), representing local biotechnical systems. The paper presents a structural-and-logistic “funnel” model of a livestock farm functioning. The model includes vectors of incoming material fl ows, outgoing production fl ows and outgoing byproducts (production waste) described using appropriate formalizations. The authors provide the structural typifi cation of technological modules and subsystems for their mathematical analysis and subsequent digital transformation of livestock farms.

scholarly journals Simple Sequence Repeat and S-Locus Genotyping to Assist the Genetic Characterization and Breeding of Polyploid Prunus Species, P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Noémi Makovics-Zsohár ◽  
Ferenc Szőke ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Attila Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractPolyploid Prunus spinosa (2n = 4 ×) and P. domestica subsp. insititia (2n = 6 ×) represent enormous genetic potential in Central Europe, which can be exploited in breeding programs. In Hungary, 16 cultivar candidates and a recognized cultivar ‘Zempléni’ were selected from wild-growing populations including ten P. spinosa, four P. domestica subsp. insititia and three P. spinosa × P. domestica hybrids (2n = 5 ×) were also created. Genotyping in eleven simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and the multiallelic S-locus was used to characterize genetic variability and achieve a reliable identification of tested accessions. Nine SSR loci proved to be polymorphic and eight of those were highly informative (PIC values ˃ 0.7). A total of 129 SSR alleles were identified, which means 14.3 average allele number per locus and all accessions but two clones could be discriminated based on unique SSR fingerprints. A total of 23 S-RNase alleles were identified and the complete and partial S-genotype was determined for 10 and 7 accessions, respectively. The DNA sequence was determined for a total of 17 fragments representing 11 S-RNase alleles. ‘Zempléni’ was confirmed to be self-compatible carrying at least one non-functional S-RNase allele (SJ). Our results indicate that the S-allele pools of wild-growing P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia are overlapping in Hungary. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses confirmed the high level of diversity and genetic differentiation present within the analysed accessions and indicated putative ancestor–descendant relationships. Our data confirm that S-locus genotyping is suitable for diversity studies in polyploid Prunus species but non-related accessions sharing common S-alleles may distort phylogenetic inferences.

scholarly journals Validation of UAV-based alfalfa biomass predictability using photogrammetry with fully automatic plot segmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Tang ◽  
Atit Parajuli ◽  
Chunpeng James Chen ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Samuel Revolinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Uav Images

AbstractAlfalfa is the most widely cultivated forage legume, with approximately 30 million hectares planted worldwide. Genetic improvements in alfalfa have been highly successful in developing cultivars with exceptional winter hardiness and disease resistance traits. However, genetic improvements have been limited for complex economically important traits such as biomass. One of the major bottlenecks is the labor-intensive phenotyping burden for biomass selection. In this study, we employed two alfalfa fields to pave a path to overcome the challenge by using UAV images with fully automatic field plot segmentation for high-throughput phenotyping. The first field was used to develop the prediction model and the second field to validate the predictions. The first and second fields had 808 and 1025 plots, respectively. The first field had three harvests with biomass measured in May, July, and September of 2019. The second had one harvest with biomass measured in September of 2019. These two fields were imaged one day before harvesting with a DJI Phantom 4 pro UAV carrying an additional Sentera multispectral camera. Alfalfa plot images were extracted by GRID software to quantify vegetative area based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The prediction model developed from the first field explained 50–70% (R Square) of biomass variation in the second field by incorporating four features from UAV images: vegetative area, plant height, Normalized Green–Red Difference Index, and Normalized Difference Red Edge Index. This result suggests that UAV-based, high-throughput phenotyping could be used to improve the efficiency of the biomass selection process in alfalfa breeding programs.

COMPARATIVE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ESTIMATION OF THE SMALL-SCALE ON-FARM COMPOUND FEED PLANTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
SERGEY V. BRAGINETS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
On Farm

On-farm compound feed production from self-produced raw materials is favorable to agricultural enterprises under present-day conditions. The authors carried out a comparative technical and economic study of the conventional and modular small-scale on-farm compound feed plants with a capacity of 2 tons per hour, designed for agricultural enterprises with an average livestock population of 6…8 thousand pigs. The proposed modular plant consists of two modules – the operative storage of raw materials and the main module of grinding and mixing. Modules with installed equipment are delivered and placed on a light foundation, connected by transport equipment and with tanks for raw materials and fi nished products. The conventional factory is a technological line housed in a hangar and used for crushing, metering, and mixing raw materials. It consists of a separator, a hammer mill, weighing equipment, a mixer, containers for raw materials and fi nished products, transport, and aspiration equipment. The technical and economic analysis has shown that the erection and operation of the on-farm modular enterprise require 41% less capital investments than a traditional compound feed plant of the same capacity. The use of a small-scale modular plant will reduce operating costs by 23.8% (from 3094 to 2358 thousand rubles), increase the specifi c economic eff ect from the compound feed production by 1.6% (from 8.64 to 8.78 thousand rubles per ton) and return on margin by 4% (from 10.2 to 10.6%), reduce the payback period by 42% (from 0.8 to 0.46 years), and increase the net present value by 3% (from 66167 to 68216 thousand rubles), as compared to a conventional enterprise. The modular on-farm plants producing loose compound feed with a productivity of up to 3 tons per hour are profi table and economically sound as they can increase production effi ciency of compound feeds for farm animals.`

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding bulls based on quality of offspring considering crossing options

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-463
Author(s):  
M. V. Abramova ◽  
S. V. Zyryanova
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Breeding takes the main place in the complex of measures for intensification of dairy cattle breeding. A characteristic feature of breeding work is identification of the most valuable genotypes and their further use in cattle population. The Holstein breed is considered one of the most highly productive breeds, in many countries of the world it is used for the genetic improvement of local breeds. In this regard, a comparative assessment of methods for determining the breeding value of bulls of different genotypes obtained by interbreeding is relevant. The results of assessment of genetic superiority of the used breeding bulls in terms of milk productivity of daughters for the first lactation through interannual deviations of the homogeneous peers are presented, the best producers in all the studied herds are identified, it is established which breeds the best and worst breeding bulls belong to. The research revealed that 18% of bulls had genetic superiority at controlled farms (9% - Holstein breed, 6% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 3% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls), a negative value - 24% including 9% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 9% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls and 6% - Holstein bulls. A comparative evaluation of the two methods showed a high reliable positive correlation between results of Mikhailovsky type bulls and Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls equal to 0.82 and 0.56, respectively, which indicates a high reliability of the method of genetic superiority index, which can be used to evaluate bulls during crossbreeding. It is possible to increase the genetic potential of herds by excluding producers with a negative genetic index. The obtained results are recommended to be used when mating bulls and for development of breeding programs for individual herds or entire population

scholarly journals Analysis and selection of parental forms for crossbreeding of early potatoes for the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00125
Author(s):  
Vladimir Molianov ◽  
Oleg Vinogradov ◽  
Natalya Ivanayskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

In the modern changing climate, selective breeding has been essential for increasing production and ensuring stable yields. Potato varieties with different ripening periods are suitable for the conditions of the Middle Volga region. High-yielding varieties resistant to mechanical damage and diseases, varieties with increased heat resistance and a complex of other important features are being created. The emergence of new directions has complicated the solution of breeding programs and required the orgaization of an intermediate stage in this work: the identification and use of special parent forms - carriers of useful qualities. This is a basic, but necessary task when involving a variety of genetic material in the selection process. Research on the topic was carried out in 2017–2019 in the Samara region (RF) in a special shielded area of AGROSTAR LLC in cooperation with experts of the potato farm of VNIIKH FGBNU, MAG LLC (Kinel), Agrocenter Korenevo LLC, and with the participation of experts of Bavaria-Saat GmbH, Germany.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and carcass quality of creole goats with genetic potential for resistance to infection caused by worm

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-857
Author(s):  
Vanessa dos Santos Neri ◽  
José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento ◽  
Laylson da Silva Borges ◽  
Tatiana Saraiva Torres ◽  
Luciano Silva Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Abstract: The objective of this work was to phenotypically characterize creole goats of the Moxotó, Azul, Canindé, Repartida, Marota, and Graúna breeds, comparing them with the Boer, Anglo Nubian, and Alpine exotic breeds, to identify the genetic groups of greater potential for carcass quality and resistance to infection caused by worm. Data on morphometric measurements were obtained for the count of worm eggs in grams of feces (WEGF), Famacha score, carcass measurements, and body weight from 308 animals, in a farm in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Repartida goats showed the highest average for wither height (61.55 cm) and rump height (62.16 cm), and Moxotó goats had the greatest ear length (13.45 cm). The Moxotó breed showed the highest means for carcass and body weight. The lowest average for body weight was observed in Azul goats (24.35 kg), and the lowest WEGF was detected in Repartida goats (200 eggs per gram of feces). The average Famacha score was 2.77. Average linkage was the method that best summarized the information on the morphometric and carcass data. The use of morphometric and carcass measurements provides satisfactory results in the phenotypic characterization of the animals. The Brazilian creole goats, which are considered resistant to worm infection and show high-quality carcass traits, may be indicated for conservation and genetic breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Pre-selection of New Grapevine Genotypes Resistant to Downy and Powdery Mildew, Obtained by Cross-Breeding Programs in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Ruiz-García ◽  
Pilar Gago ◽  
Celia Martínez-Mora ◽  
José Luis Santiago ◽  
Diego J. Fernádez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

The need to develop an environmentally friendly, sustainable viticulture model has led to numerous grapevine improvement programmes aiming to increase resistance to downy and powdery mildew. The success of such programmes relies on the availability of protocols that can quantify the resistance/susceptibility of new genotypes, and on the existence of molecular markers of resistance loci that can aid in the selection process. The present work assesses the degree of phenotypic resistance/susceptibility to downy and powdery mildew of 28 new genotypes obtained from crosses between “Monastrell” and “Regent.” Three genotypes showed strong combined resistance, making them good candidates for future crosses with other sources of resistance to these diseases (pyramiding). In general, laboratory and glasshouse assessments of resistance at the phenotype level agreed with the resistance expected from the presence of resistance-associated alleles of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the loci Rpv3 and Ren3 (inherited from “Regent”), confirming their usefulness as indicators of likely resistance to downy and powdery mildew, respectively, particularly so for downy mildew.

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