The use of inbreeding when breeding dogs of Giant schnauzer breed

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
E. S. Tyurina ◽  
F. R. Feyzullayev ◽  
F. R. Bakai
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Close Inbreeding

Inbreeding is a breeding method that is widely used in dog breeding. However, excessive thoughtless use of this method can have a detrimental effect on the health and reproduction of dogs, which under modern environments can occur due to a lack of professional knowledge among people engaged in breeding, lack of publicly available information about the health of sires and their off spring, and widespread breeding use of popular sires. The purpose of the research was to analyze the use of inbreeding in the breeding of dogs of Giant schnauzer breed of exhibition and working directions and its influence on the multiple pregnancy of dogs. The paper analyzes the use of inbreeding in Giant schnauzer breed in two populations that do not intersect due to the direction of use. There was a significant difference between the average indicators of the inbreeding coefficient in the studied groups; in the exhibition direction close inbreeding and incest are more often used during breeding, while in the working direction moderate inbreeding is mainly used, and incest is not used at all. The male dogs and female dogs in the group of the exhibition direction also have a higher indicator of the inbreeding coefficient. Outbred sires in both groups, in group exhibition such companies, outbreeding is less common than in the group working direction. There was no signifi cant difference between the indicators of multiple pregnancy in the groups. On average, female dogs in the working direction group are used more often than female dogs in the exhibition direction group. The frequency of use of male dogs does not differ significantly.

scholarly journals HbA1c levels in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Ricardo Silva Tavares ◽  
Fábio Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Isabel Cristina Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Weslley Carvalho Soares ◽  
Mauro Meira Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Summary Objective: To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants and compare the results of this test with those of a control group. Method: This was an experimental study based on the comparison of HbA1c tests in two different populations, with a test group represented by individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants (AS and AC) and a control group consisting of people with electrophoretic profile AA. The two populations were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: Normal levels of fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea and triglycerides, bilirubin > 20 mg/dL and non-use of acetylsalicylic acid. 50 heterozygous subjects and 50 controls were evaluated between August 2013 and May 2014. The comparison of HbA1c levels between heterozygous individuals and control subjects was performed based on standard deviation, mean and G-Test. Results: The study assessed a test group and a control group, both with 39 adults and 11 children. The mean among heterozygous adults for HbA1c was 5.0%, while the control group showed a rate of 5.74%. Heterozygous children presented mean HbA1c at 5.11%, while the controls were at 5.78%. G-Test yielded p=0.93 for children and p=0.89 for adults. Conclusion: Our study evaluated HbA1c using ion exchange chromatography resins, and the patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants showed no significant difference from the control group.

Effect of inbreeding and individual increase in inbreeding on growth in Nilagiri and Sandyno breeds of sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Venkataramanan ◽  
A. Subramanian ◽  
S.N. Sivaselvam ◽  
T. Sivakumar ◽  
C. Sreekumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Two Populations

SummaryIndividual increase in inbreeding coefficients (ΔFi) has been recommended as an alternate measure of inbreeding. It can account for the differences in pedigree knowledge of individual animals and avoids overestimation due to increased number of known generations. The effect of inbreeding (F) and equivalent inbreeding (EF) calculated fromΔFi, on growth traits were studied in Nilagiri and Sandyno flocks of sheep. The study was based on data maintained at the Sheep Breeding Research Station, Sandynallah. The pedigree information and equivalent number of generations were less in Sandyno compared with Nilagiri sheep. The average F and EF for the Nilagiri population were 2.17 and 2.44, respectively and the corresponding values for Sandyno sheep were 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. The trend of inbreeding over years in both the populations indicated that EF was higher during earlier generations when pedigree information was shallow. Among the significant effects of inbreeding, the depression in growth per 1 percent increase in inbreeding ranged from 0.04 kg in weaning weight to 0.10 kg in yearling weight. In general, more traits were affected by inbreeding in Nilagiri sheep, in which greater regression of growth traits was noticed with F compared with EF. Higher values of EF than F in earlier generations in both the populations indicate that EF avoided the potential overestimation of inbreeding coefficient during recent generations. In the Sandyno population, the magnitude of depression noticed among growth traits with significant effects of inbreeding was higher. The differences in response to F and EF noticed in the two populations and possible causes for the trait wise differences in response to F and EF are appropriately discussed.

scholarly journals Variability of morphometric leaf characteristics of black poplar from the area of Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Cortan ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Radmila Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

A morphological study of intra and interpopulation variability of black poplar leaves was conducted in two populations in the area of Vojvodina. Nine morphometric parameters of leaves have been analyzed. The results indicate that there is considerable variability within and between the populations. Morphological differentiation is clearly represented with the average values of analyzed parameters and a statistically significant difference between the mean values. On the basis of the obtained data, it has been concluded that the variability within the two populations is much more expressed than the variability between them. The uniformity of environmental conditions of the studied locations indicates that this variability is a consequence of the specific gene pool of the studied populations.

scholarly journals SELECTION EFFICIENCY OF INBRED CATTLE OF UKRAINIAN WHITEHEAD BREED

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-245
Author(s):  
Svitlana Voitenko ◽  
Olena Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Close Inbreeding ◽  
Selection Of

The stated results of using outbreeding and inbreeding in a selection of cattle of the Ukrainian Whitehead breed, which belongs to the local population and is preserved only in one breeding herd. It was revealed that animals obtained from related breeding are characterized by a sufficiently high level of productivity and normal reproductive qualities. Although outbred and inbred heifers in the process of growth from birth to 18 months of age differed somewhat from each other in live weight, the difference was not statistically significant. In different periods of growth, both outbred and inbred animals had an advantage, indicating the possibility of improving the trait by purebred breeding methods. The absolute increase in live weight of experimental heifers on rearing was: Group I – 295 kg, II – 289 kg, III – 298 kg, IV – 308 kg and V – 293 kg without a statistically significant difference between the groups, which made it possible to conclude that there was no inbred depression when breeding cattle of a given herd through a related selection of parental pairs. It is recognized that the selection of calves to increase their live weight at birth will not have a positive effect on the trait during the growth of animals, as evidenced by the correlation between them. As a result of the study of reproductive ability, the expediency of obtaining and using inbred cattle in a herd, which was inseminated almost a month earlier than outbred, was proved. Between outbred and inbred cows, a significant differentiation of milk yield for the first – third lactation was found, without a significant advantage of animals obtained by one or another method of purebred breeding. According to the first lactation, the highest milk yield was observed in cows of the close inbreeding group (group V) – 4501 kg, which exceeded the outbred ones by 150 kg and the lower inbred ones (groups II-IV) by 191 – 633 kg. Inbred cattle with distant, moderate and close degrees of inbreeding at the second lactation had from 4629 kg to 4719 kg of milk, with the highest rate in cows of a moderate degree of inbreeding, while outbred cows produced only 4582 kg. Cows of a moderate degree of inbreeding had the highest milk yield in the third lactation – 5204 kg and the lowest – 3897 kg of the group of a close degree of inbreeding. Outbred cows for this trait were superior only to individuals of the group of close inbreeding. The results of a comparative analysis of economically useful traits of outbred and inbred cows and heifers of the Ukrainian Whitehead breed indicate the possibility of using a related selection of parental pairs in a herd to increase the efficiency of interbreeding selection, replicate the hereditary traits of the ancestor and preserve the disappearing domestic breed of cattle.

Vaginal examination vs. cervical length – which is superior in predicting preterm birth?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Sharvit ◽  
Reut Weiss ◽  
Yael Ganor Paz ◽  
Keren Tzadikevitch Geffen ◽  
Netanella Danielli Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective:To compare the predictive value of preterm birth (PTB) by transvaginal sonographic cervical length (CL) measurement to digital examination of the cervix (Bishop score – BS), in patients with premature contractions (PC) and intact membranes.Design:A retrospective case-control study.Setting:Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.Population:Women at 24–34 weeks of gestation who were hospitalized with PC and intact membranes.Methods:All patients underwent CL and BS measurements upon admission. Power analysis revealed that 375 patients were needed to show a significant difference between the two methods for predicting PTB. Each one served as her own control.Main outcome measures:PTB<37 and<34 weeks.Results:Receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC) and logistic regression analyses indicated a correlation between both shortened CL and increased BS to PTB (P<0.001). Neither test offered an advantage in predicting PTB. Areas under the curve for BS and CL ROC were similar for PTB before 37 weeks gestation (0.611 vs. 0.640, P=0.28). For nulliparous women, CL predicted PTB better that BS (0.642 vs. 0.724, P=0.03). For singleton and multiple pregnancy pregnancies, BS and CL did not differ significantly in predicting PTB (P=0.9, P=0.2, respectively). For nulliparous with multiple pregnancy, the BS and CL ROC curves differ nearly significantly (0.554 vs. 0.709, P=0.07), with better predictive ability for CL.Conclusions:CL and BS have similar value in predicting PTB in patients with PC. For nulliparous women, CL is superior over the BS.

P–324 Pregnancy outcome after IVF for endometriosis or male infertility: What differs?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Porcu-buisson ◽  
V Chaber. Orsini ◽  
L Stefan. Morcillo ◽  
M Colomban. Barlesi ◽  
E Glowaczower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Placenta Praevia ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Study question Are endometriosis women pregnant after IVF at increased risk of preeclampsia or placenta praevia than patients monitored for male infertility? Summary answer Patients with endometriosis are at greater risk than patients monitored for male infertility of developing preeclampsia and placenta previa. What is known already Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent disease that affects women of childbearing age which represents 10% of the general population[.The main symptoms found are chronic pelvic pain, infertility, dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea. Numerous publications have highlighted the deleterious effect of endometriosis on pregnancy i.e miscarriage, placental abnormalities, preeclampsia, preterm birth, low gestational weight. This complication may be related to the molecular and cellular abnormalities present in the endometrium of these patients and to the inflammatory state that may lead to abnormal contractility of the uterus at the time of the implantation window and trophoblastic invasion. Study design, size, duration This study is a retrospective, non-interventional monocentric cohort study conducted between January 2011 and December 2017 in Institut de Medecine de la Reproduction - Clinique Bouchard in Marseilles, France. Participants/materials, setting, methods The outcome of pregnancies obtained after IVF and/or ICSI in patients with endometriosis (n = 270) was compared with patients,free of endometriosis,monitored for male infertility (n = 366) The statistical study was carried out using GraphPad Version 8 The Student T-test was used to compare means across them. Results were considered significant for p &lt; 0.05. Main results and the role of chance Patients with endometriosis and monitored during this period were older than those managed for male infertility. (33.59 vs 32.78) (p = 0.04). There was no difference between the two populations regarding BMI (p = 0.31) or smoking (p &gt; 0.9). The rate of miscarriage observed in the two populations was comparable (25.37 vs. 25.78%) (p &gt; 0.9), so was the rate of IUGR (5.81% vs. 2.29%) despite the observed percentages (p &gt; 0.9). The rate of premature deliveries did not differ between the two populations (18.37% vs. 14.29%) (p = 0.55) neither did the number of children born with a weight &lt;2500g at term (13.68% vs. 12.5%) (p = 0.83). Although the rate of gestational diabetes was comparable in both groups (4.11% vs 4.56%), the rate of preeclampsia was higher in the group of patients with endometriosis with a statistically significant difference (4.79% vs 0.79%) (p = 0.01). Similarly, the rate of placenta previa was higher in patients with endometriosis (4.11% vs 0.76%) (p = 0.02). All pregnancies complicated by placenta previa resulted from J2/J3 embryo transfer. Estradiol levels on the day of induction (2166 pg/ml vs 2452) (p = 0.67) and endometrial thickness was not different between patients with placenta praevia or no (10.45 vs 10.51) (p = 0.66). Limitations, reasons for caution Our study is retrospective which may introduce several biases despite the size of our sample i;e patients with endometriosis are older, adenomyosis was not included in the criteria. In our study we have not found any additional risk related to the type of embryo transferred. Wider implications of the findings: Patients with endometriosis are at greater risk than patients managed for male infertility of developing preeclampsia and placenta previa. It is advisable to warn patients of this possible complication, to promote e-SET and to set up early monitoring in order to place the appropriate management around these patients. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Risk of Symptomatic Infection after Non-Primary Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
Agata Leone ◽  
Carlotta Rubino ◽  
Ganna Galitska ◽  
Matteo Biolatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neonatal Care Unit ◽  
Two Populations

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection. Its occurrence is phenotypically heterogeneous. The type of maternal infection, primary or non-primary, is an important factor related to the symptomatic disease, the primary infection was long considered the only cause of severe neonatal disease. We aimed to analyze the association of primary and non-primary infection with pathological outcomes in infants and with long-term sequelae at follow-up. This was a monocentric retrospective observational study on a population of 91 infants diagnosed with a CMV infection at the Neonatal Care Unit of Neonatology at the Sant’Anna Hospital of Turin during the period of June 2005 to December 2018. Infants underwent clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological evaluations at birth. Subsequently, the patients were monitored in an auxological, neurodevelopment, and audiological follow-up. Regarding primary vs. non-primary infection, we found a higher percentage of incidence of symptomatic and neurological localized infection, as well as long-term sequelae in the latter. However, no significant difference between the two populations was found. We underline the possibility of re-infection in previously immunized mothers (non-primary infection) with unfavorable neonatal and long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Bicycle Facilities Safest from Crime and Crashes: Perceptions of Residents Familiar with Higher Crime/Lower Income Neighborhoods in Boston

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lusk ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Vivien Morris ◽  
Christopher Byner ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Halfway House ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Predominantly Minority ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Bicycle Design ◽  
Two Populations

While studies of bicyclist’s perceptions of crime and crash safety exist, it is also important to ask lower-income predominantly-minority residents what bicycle-route surface or context they perceive as safest from crime and crashes. With their insights, their chosen bike environments could be in engineering guidelines and built in their neighborhoods to improve residents’ health and lessen their risk of exposure to crime or crashing. This study involved two populations in Boston: (a) community-sense participants (eight groups-church/YMCA n = 116); and (b) street-sense participants (five groups-halfway house/homeless shelter/gang members n = 96). Participants ranked and described what they saw in 32 photographs of six types of bicycle environments. Quantitative data (Likert Scale 0–6 with 0 being low risk of crime/crash) involved regression analysis to test differences. Qualitative comments were categorized into 55 themes for surface or context and if high or low in association with crime or crashes. For crime, two-way cycle tracks had a significantly lower score (safest) than all others (2.35; p < 0.01) and share-use paths had a significantly higher score (least safe) (3.39; p < 0.01). For crashes, participants rated shared-use paths as safest (1.17) followed by two-way cycle tracks (1.68), one-way cycle tracks (2.95), bike lanes (4.06), sharrows (4.17), and roads (4.58), with a significant difference for any two groups (p < 0.01) except between bike lane and sharrow (p = 0.9). Street-sense participants ranked all, except shared-use paths, higher for crime and crash. For surface, wide two-way cycle tracks with freshly painted lines, stencils, and arrows were low risk for crime and a cycle track’s median, red color, stencils, and arrows low risk for crash. For context, clean signs, balconies, cafes, street lights, no cuts between buildings, and flowers were low risk for crime and witnesses, little traffic, and bike signals low risk for crash. As bicycle design guidelines and general Crime Perception Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles do not include these details, perhaps new guidelines could be written.

scholarly journals The Syrian Golden Hamster: A Model for the Cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's Ataxia

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Azari ◽  
T. Reisine ◽  
A. Barbeau ◽  
H.I. Yamamura ◽  
R. Huxtable
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Whole Heart ◽  
Available Information

SummaryIn light of the available information on the cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's ataxia, the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster may be an appropriate laboratory model. Cardiomyopathy in these animals is a result of calcium accumulation. We analyzed the atria and right and left ventricles from cardiomyopathic (CM) and random bred (RB) animals for calcium, magnesium, and iron concentrations at 30-40 and 60-70 days of age (age of maximum lesioning). There are no significant differences in the concentration of iron or magnesium among age-matched groups. The concentration of calcium in the left ventricles of the CM animals at 60 days old is 14 fold higher than that of R B animals. Although there is a significant difference in the concentration of calcium in the left ventricles of younger animals, it is not as pronounced as the difference in older animals. Analysis of the taurine concentration in 30-40 day old animals revealed that the CM animals show slightly higher taurine concentrations than RB in the whole heart. In 60 day old CM hamsters the ß-adrenergic receptor density of the ventricles is unchanged. This indicates that calcium overload is not due to a drene rg i c super sensitivity.

Optimizing the degree of distension and reducing discomfort in CT colonography by means of a microprocessor interface system for air insufflation

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sirakov ◽  
Athanas Kristev ◽  
Plamen Zagorchev ◽  
Russin Nikolov ◽  
Vladimir Sirakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Colonography ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
Interface System ◽  
Colonic Distension ◽  
Air Insufflation

AbstractThe patients’ discomfort during CT colonography determines which method is used and its frequency of use. The discomfort is largely associated with the colon’s insufflation with gas. A system for an automatic room-air insufflation has been developed that ensures a continuous and steady air insufflation and an increase in colonic pressure and enables a relatively fast decompression. This system provides constant pressure monitoring and can alert the operator, if necessary. The degree of discomfort was evaluated for 36 patients, who were subjected to manual and automated air insufflation. The degree of the colonic distension achieved by the two methods was compared. The data analysis showed a significantly lower level of discomfort in patients with automated air insufflation. The degree of colonic distension was evaluated by comparing the diameters of similar segments of the colon, as well as by the subjective opinion of the operator. The distension with automated air insufflation was higher than that with manual air insufflation. In some cases there was a significant difference (P<0,05). In conclusion, the results show that the automatic insufflation of air at room temperature can be used to optimize CT colonography.

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