scholarly journals Bicycle Facilities Safest from Crime and Crashes: Perceptions of Residents Familiar with Higher Crime/Lower Income Neighborhoods in Boston

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lusk ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Vivien Morris ◽  
Christopher Byner ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Halfway House ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Predominantly Minority ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Bicycle Design ◽  
Two Populations

While studies of bicyclist’s perceptions of crime and crash safety exist, it is also important to ask lower-income predominantly-minority residents what bicycle-route surface or context they perceive as safest from crime and crashes. With their insights, their chosen bike environments could be in engineering guidelines and built in their neighborhoods to improve residents’ health and lessen their risk of exposure to crime or crashing. This study involved two populations in Boston: (a) community-sense participants (eight groups-church/YMCA n = 116); and (b) street-sense participants (five groups-halfway house/homeless shelter/gang members n = 96). Participants ranked and described what they saw in 32 photographs of six types of bicycle environments. Quantitative data (Likert Scale 0–6 with 0 being low risk of crime/crash) involved regression analysis to test differences. Qualitative comments were categorized into 55 themes for surface or context and if high or low in association with crime or crashes. For crime, two-way cycle tracks had a significantly lower score (safest) than all others (2.35; p < 0.01) and share-use paths had a significantly higher score (least safe) (3.39; p < 0.01). For crashes, participants rated shared-use paths as safest (1.17) followed by two-way cycle tracks (1.68), one-way cycle tracks (2.95), bike lanes (4.06), sharrows (4.17), and roads (4.58), with a significant difference for any two groups (p < 0.01) except between bike lane and sharrow (p = 0.9). Street-sense participants ranked all, except shared-use paths, higher for crime and crash. For surface, wide two-way cycle tracks with freshly painted lines, stencils, and arrows were low risk for crime and a cycle track’s median, red color, stencils, and arrows low risk for crash. For context, clean signs, balconies, cafes, street lights, no cuts between buildings, and flowers were low risk for crime and witnesses, little traffic, and bike signals low risk for crash. As bicycle design guidelines and general Crime Perception Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles do not include these details, perhaps new guidelines could be written.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer: comparison of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoe Fujiwara ◽  
Ruri Nishie ◽  
Shoko Ueda ◽  
Syunsuke Miyamoto ◽  
Shinichi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Peritoneal Cytology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Positive Peritoneal Cytology

Abstract Background There is uncertainty surrounding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer, especially in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this retrospective study is to determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology among patients with low-risk endometrial cancer and to compare it between laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparotomy. Methods From August 2008 to December 2019, all cases of pathologically confirmed stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrial cancer were reviewed at Osaka Medical College. Statistical analyses used the Chi-square test and the Kaplan–Meier log rank. Results A total of 478 patients were identified: 438 with negative peritoneal cytology (232 who underwent laparotomy and 206 who undertook laparoscopic surgery) and 40 with positive peritoneal cytology (20 who underwent laparotomy and 20 who received laparoscopic surgery). Survival was significantly worse among patients with positive peritoneal cytology compared to patients with negative peritoneal cytology. However, there was no significant difference among patients with negative or positive peritoneal cytology between laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy. Conclusion This retrospective study suggests that, while peritoneal cytology is an independent risk factor in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer, laparoscopic surgery does not influence the survival outcome when compared to laparotomy.

Psychiatric illness, medication and driving: an audit of documentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gallagher ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
W. Abassi ◽  
E. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Road ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Minor Improvement

ObjectivesGuidelines on advising patients on fitness to drive have been published recently by the Road Safety Authority in collaboration with the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. The aim of this audit is to assess if the new guidelines are being adhered to.MethodExamination of the documentation and adherence to the guidelines in the inpatient psychiatric unit, Mayo General Hospital.ResultsOf the 100 patients included in audit cycle one, none had any specific documentation about driving. One patient was admitted with alcohol misuse and was driving. On re-auditing, following presentation at academic meeting and education of team members on the guidelines, there was a minor improvement of 7%.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in documentation on re-audit. However, an increase of 7% is nonetheless encouraging. Information concerning driving should be a standard part of advice given to all psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals HbA1c levels in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Ricardo Silva Tavares ◽  
Fábio Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Isabel Cristina Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Weslley Carvalho Soares ◽  
Mauro Meira Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Summary Objective: To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants and compare the results of this test with those of a control group. Method: This was an experimental study based on the comparison of HbA1c tests in two different populations, with a test group represented by individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants (AS and AC) and a control group consisting of people with electrophoretic profile AA. The two populations were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: Normal levels of fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea and triglycerides, bilirubin > 20 mg/dL and non-use of acetylsalicylic acid. 50 heterozygous subjects and 50 controls were evaluated between August 2013 and May 2014. The comparison of HbA1c levels between heterozygous individuals and control subjects was performed based on standard deviation, mean and G-Test. Results: The study assessed a test group and a control group, both with 39 adults and 11 children. The mean among heterozygous adults for HbA1c was 5.0%, while the control group showed a rate of 5.74%. Heterozygous children presented mean HbA1c at 5.11%, while the controls were at 5.78%. G-Test yielded p=0.93 for children and p=0.89 for adults. Conclusion: Our study evaluated HbA1c using ion exchange chromatography resins, and the patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants showed no significant difference from the control group.

Design of Multi-Purpose Products: Guidelines From a User Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Viswanathan ◽  
Shraddha Sangelkar
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Customer Expectations ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Shed Light

Multipurpose products are the artifacts with more than one intended or realized purposes. Abundance of multipurpose products in the market raises interesting questions about the desired customer preferences that lead to success or failure of such products in the market. This study aims to set the premise for developing design guidelines for multipurpose products. The study described in this paper is a qualitative content analysis of reviews of multi-purpose products available from online vendors. A traditional content analysis method is followed, where each sentence from the reviews is coded and categorized by three reviewers. Each category is then carefully analyzed and any redundancies are resolved. Finally, an interrater agreement is achieved between the three coders. The obtained categories shed light on customer expectations from multi-purpose products, their concerns, comments and experiences and their advice from the customer’s viewpoint for the design of such products. Each category identified here shows a potential research direction and a foundation for developing new guidelines for the development of such products.

scholarly journals Quality of Life, Thyroid Function and Type of Surgery in Low Risk Thyroid Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cohen MV ◽  
◽  
de Fátima Teixeira P ◽  
Vaisman M ◽  
Vaisman F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eortc Qlq C30 ◽  
Eortc Qlq ◽  
Type Of Surgery

Background: Low risk thyroid cancer can be treated with lobectomy or total thyroidectomy. Studies have shown that the risk of recurrence does not differ between the two surgeries, although there are higher rates of complications with total thyroidectomy. Our study aimed to find if there were differences in quality of life and thyroid function in the two treatments. Methods: Low risk DTC survivors answered three QoL questionnaires (EQ5D3L, SF36, and EORTC QLQ C30) and had their thyroid function evaluated. Results: Twenty-six lobectomy patients and 101 total thyroidectomy were included. Hypoparathyroidism occurred more in the total thyroidectomy, and TSH was more likely to be on target (0.5-2.0) in lobectomy. There was no difference between groups regarding QoL, but there was a significant difference regarding thyroid function. In SF36 form, TSH off target led to more physical limitations, pain, less vitality, and worse social aspects. Abnormal total T3 level was associated with pain, less vitality, and worse mental health. In the EORTC QLQ C30, off target TSH led to worse role functioning, fatigue, and nausea. EQ5D form showed that worse utility index was found when TT3 was not in normal range. Conclusion: This study showed there was a difference among thyroid function, specially TSH depending on type of surgery. When uncontrolled, TSH was associated with worse aspects of the quality of life. Therefore, lobectomy patients have a better thyroid function control and less surgical complications which might have an impact in some aspects of the quality of life when compared to total thyroidectomy.

scholarly journals Variability of morphometric leaf characteristics of black poplar from the area of Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Cortan ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Radmila Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

A morphological study of intra and interpopulation variability of black poplar leaves was conducted in two populations in the area of Vojvodina. Nine morphometric parameters of leaves have been analyzed. The results indicate that there is considerable variability within and between the populations. Morphological differentiation is clearly represented with the average values of analyzed parameters and a statistically significant difference between the mean values. On the basis of the obtained data, it has been concluded that the variability within the two populations is much more expressed than the variability between them. The uniformity of environmental conditions of the studied locations indicates that this variability is a consequence of the specific gene pool of the studied populations.

scholarly journals Is there a protective effect with remote ischemic preconditioning on contrast-induced acute renal injury after coronary angiography in low-risk patients?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Sanaz Soleymani ◽  
Hamid Reza Samimagham ◽  
Mohammad Tamaddondar ◽  
Hossein Farshidi ◽  
Mahmood Khayatian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Patients

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIN-AKI) is a serious complication of coronary angiography. Given the weaknesses in the common protective methods used to prevent CIN-AKI, a safe and effective strategy is needed. RIPC has been shown to have a nephroprotective effect. Objectives: We aimed to determine the protective effect of RIPC on CIN-AKI after angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in low-risk patients. Patients and Methods: In our study, 140 low-risk patients who needed angiography or PCI, were assigned to either RIPC or control group. In each group, serum creatinine and urinary neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (uNGAL) were measured before the procedure. Serum creatinine was measured daily for 2 days and uNGAL was measured 6 and 24 hours after the procedure. Diagnosis of AKI was, according to the Kidney Disease; Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria (2012). Results: The mean age in the remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) group was 56.8 ± 11.4 years and 56.3 ± 11.8 years in the control group. We observed no significant difference regarding patient’s characteristic and renal biomarkers at baseline. There was no significant difference in the incidence of AKI (P = 0.116). The uNGAL increased by 36.2% 6-hour after the procedure in patients with AKI, while at the same time, this biomarker increased only by 4.3% in patients without AKI. Conclusion: We concluded that RIPC, with 3 cycles of 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion, did not decrease CIN-AKI or altering renal biomarkers course in low-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography or PCI. Additionally, uNGAL, seems to be an appropriate biomarker for early diagnosis of CIN-AKI, 6 hours after contrast media exposure.

scholarly journals Incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk versus low risk health care workers: an audit from a tertiary cancer care centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Nitin Shetty ◽  
Nivedita Chakrabarty ◽  
Amit Joshi ◽  
Amar Patil ◽  
Suyash Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Research

Background: Theoretically, health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of getting infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population. Limited data exists regarding the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk and low risk HCW of the same hospital. We present an audit from our tertiary cancer care centre comparing the COVID-19 infection rate between the high risk and low risk HCW, all of whom had been provided with adequate protective measures and health education.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study from 01 April 2020 to 30 September 2020, in which all the 970 HCW of Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer were divided into high risk and low risk groups. High risk HCW included all the medical and non-medical staff directly involved with the care of COVID-19 patients, and rest were low risk HCW. Adequate protective measures and classes for infection prevention were provided to all the HCW. We calculated the incidence of COVID-19 infection in both these groups based on the positive real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result and also looked for any significant difference in incidence between these two groups.Results: The incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk HCW was 13% and that of low risk HCW was 14%.Conclusions: We found no significant difference in COVID-19 infection between the high risk and low risk HCW. Thus, along with protective measures, behavior modifications induced by working in high risk areas, prevented the high risk HCW from getting increased COVID-19 infection compared to the low risk HCW.

scholarly journals Limited Evidence for the Effect of Red Color on Cognitive Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Gnambs
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Priming ◽  
Different Populations

Red color supposedly affects cognitive functioning in achievement situations and impairs test performance. Although this has been shown for different cognitive domains in different populations and cultural contexts, recent studies including close replications failed to corroborate this effect. Reported here is a random-effects meta-analysis of 67 effect sizes (38 samples) that compared test performance after viewing red or a control color. For anagram tests and knowledge tests no significant difference between color conditions was found (Cohen’s d of -0.06 and -0.04); for reasoning tests the pooled effect of d = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.61, -0.06] indicated significantly lower scores in the red condition. The cumulative meta-analysis revealed substantially larger effects in initial studies as compared to subsequent research. After correcting for publication bias no evidential value for an effect of red color on intellectual performance was available. The review casts doubt on the existence of a robust color priming effect in achievement situations.

P–324 Pregnancy outcome after IVF for endometriosis or male infertility: What differs?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Porcu-buisson ◽  
V Chaber. Orsini ◽  
L Stefan. Morcillo ◽  
M Colomban. Barlesi ◽  
E Glowaczower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Placenta Praevia ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Study question Are endometriosis women pregnant after IVF at increased risk of preeclampsia or placenta praevia than patients monitored for male infertility? Summary answer Patients with endometriosis are at greater risk than patients monitored for male infertility of developing preeclampsia and placenta previa. What is known already Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent disease that affects women of childbearing age which represents 10% of the general population[.The main symptoms found are chronic pelvic pain, infertility, dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea. Numerous publications have highlighted the deleterious effect of endometriosis on pregnancy i.e miscarriage, placental abnormalities, preeclampsia, preterm birth, low gestational weight. This complication may be related to the molecular and cellular abnormalities present in the endometrium of these patients and to the inflammatory state that may lead to abnormal contractility of the uterus at the time of the implantation window and trophoblastic invasion. Study design, size, duration This study is a retrospective, non-interventional monocentric cohort study conducted between January 2011 and December 2017 in Institut de Medecine de la Reproduction - Clinique Bouchard in Marseilles, France. Participants/materials, setting, methods The outcome of pregnancies obtained after IVF and/or ICSI in patients with endometriosis (n = 270) was compared with patients,free of endometriosis,monitored for male infertility (n = 366) The statistical study was carried out using GraphPad Version 8 The Student T-test was used to compare means across them. Results were considered significant for p &lt; 0.05. Main results and the role of chance Patients with endometriosis and monitored during this period were older than those managed for male infertility. (33.59 vs 32.78) (p = 0.04). There was no difference between the two populations regarding BMI (p = 0.31) or smoking (p &gt; 0.9). The rate of miscarriage observed in the two populations was comparable (25.37 vs. 25.78%) (p &gt; 0.9), so was the rate of IUGR (5.81% vs. 2.29%) despite the observed percentages (p &gt; 0.9). The rate of premature deliveries did not differ between the two populations (18.37% vs. 14.29%) (p = 0.55) neither did the number of children born with a weight &lt;2500g at term (13.68% vs. 12.5%) (p = 0.83). Although the rate of gestational diabetes was comparable in both groups (4.11% vs 4.56%), the rate of preeclampsia was higher in the group of patients with endometriosis with a statistically significant difference (4.79% vs 0.79%) (p = 0.01). Similarly, the rate of placenta previa was higher in patients with endometriosis (4.11% vs 0.76%) (p = 0.02). All pregnancies complicated by placenta previa resulted from J2/J3 embryo transfer. Estradiol levels on the day of induction (2166 pg/ml vs 2452) (p = 0.67) and endometrial thickness was not different between patients with placenta praevia or no (10.45 vs 10.51) (p = 0.66). Limitations, reasons for caution Our study is retrospective which may introduce several biases despite the size of our sample i;e patients with endometriosis are older, adenomyosis was not included in the criteria. In our study we have not found any additional risk related to the type of embryo transferred. Wider implications of the findings: Patients with endometriosis are at greater risk than patients managed for male infertility of developing preeclampsia and placenta previa. It is advisable to warn patients of this possible complication, to promote e-SET and to set up early monitoring in order to place the appropriate management around these patients. Trial registration number Not applicable

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