The feed base formation of an agricultural enterprise with using of digital technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
N. Novikov ◽  
D. Blagov ◽  
V. Nikitin ◽  
S. Mitrofanov ◽  
N. Panfyorov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Livestock Products

The issues of planning the feed base of an agricultural enterprise, taking into account the productivity of the livestock sector have been considered in the paper. The developed program is a single interconnected system with two blocks of tasks: animal husbandry and crop production. This connection allows us to make multivariate calculations that ensure the most rational use of acreage and material resources on the basis of an integrated approach to the design of the feed base, taking into account natural, organizational, economic and technological factors. Based on the example of the agricultural enterprise in the Ryazan region that specializes in the production of dairy and crop products, a calculation for planning the output of livestock products has been made, taking into account the necessary land resources to provide high-quality animal feed. Based on the annual structure of the ration, taking into account the summer and winter stall housing, the need for acreage for forage crops grown by the farm has been determined, which amounted to 582 ha. The planned productivity of dairy cattle was equal to 5000 kg per lactation. At the subsequent stages the need for organic, mineral, lime and micro-fertilizers has been determined, providing the necessary level of productivity of feed crops, provided that the humus of the soil is not deficient. Based on the proposed structure of the annual ration and the calculated share of perennial grasses (53,44 %), a positive dynamics of soil humus was obtained for the crop rotation as a whole. The inclusion of perennial grasses in the crop rotation will allow the farm to ensure planned production of livestock products while maintaining a deficit-free balance of soil humus. According to the supply of nitrogen given the crop need additional introduction of ammonium nitrate in the amount of 839,7 centners. In addition, calculations have been made according to the requirements of lime fertilizers, which found that the specified area must input dolomite 2219,8 t. Also the doses of mineral fertilizers required to obtain the planned yields of crops have been calculated. The use of the developed software product allowed us to determine the need for boron–containing fertilizers – 1,08 centner, manganese – 3,38 centners and copper-containing – 0,46 centner.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals The productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems depending on agricultural practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Izida Ilyinskaya ◽  
Emma Gaevaya
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Preservation Of Fertility

Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region on the slope of ordinary chernozems in the system of contour-strip organization of the territory in 2011-2020. The aim of the research was the development of agrotechnical methods (design of crop rotation, the method of basic tillage and the background of fertilizers), which ensure high productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems and the preservation of fertility. The experiment included three factors: the design of the crop rotation, the method of the main tillage, the background of mineral fertilizers. It was found that, on average, for the period of research, the level of mineral nutrition has the greatest influence on the productivity of the crop rotation (83.9%), followed by the design of the crop rotation (14.9%). The influence of basic tillage is estimated at only 1.2%. It was found that the introduction of 20% of perennial grasses into the structure of crop rotation reduces soil washout by 19.5-27.7%, and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses to 40% by 38.3-43.8%. The use of chisel tillage reduces washout by 15.6-24.2%, and with it the loss of humus. In the “C” crop rotation in all variants of the experiment, the humus content increased by 0.010.03%. It was revealed that the productivity of all the studied crop rotations changed under the influence of agrotechnical methods, reaching in the crop rotation “C” with 40% of perennial grasses and 60% of grain crops on average for the studied period the highest value of 3.53 t / ha of grain units, which is 9.3% higher than in the “B” crop rotation and 17.3% higher than in the “A” crop rotation.

scholarly journals Intensification of fodder crop rotation cultivation technologies and toxic properties of soddy-podzolic soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.И. Афанасьева ◽  
А.М. Труфанов ◽  
Т.П. Сабирова
Keyword(s):  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
General Toxicity ◽  
High Doses

На развитие сельскохозяйственных культур оказывают влияние свойства почвы, среди которых важную роль играет токсичность почвы. Токсические свойства почва может проявлять в связи с различными причинами, среди которых метеорологические условия, применяемые технологии возделывания и сами выращиваемые культуры. Поэтому целью исследований было установить динамику изменения показателей общей токсичности почвы (всхожесть, длина проростка и длина корней тест-культуры) под влиянием различных по интенсивности технологий возделывания кормовых культур. Исследования проводились в 2019 году на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве в трёхкратной повторности в посевах ячменя, кукурузы, озимой тритикале, многолетних трав 1-го и 2-го года пользования, возделываемых по технологиям различной интенсивности – экстенсивной (контроль), интенсивной и высокоинтенсивной, с использованием метода почвенных пластинок. В результате было установлено, что выращивание кормовых культур по интенсивным технологиям с применением минеральных удобрений и пестицидов способствовало повышению общей токсичности почвы по сравнению с экстенсивной. В зависимости от выращиваемой культуры токсичность почвы изменяется в соответствии с уровнем интенсивности: культуры с высокой интенсивностью технологий возделывания (ячмень, кукуруза и тритикале) повышали токсичность почвы в большей степени, чем культуры, не требующие высоких доз удобрений и применения пестицидов (многолетние травы), что подтверждает почвозащитный характер многолетних трав и их положительную роль как предшественников для других сельскохозяйственных культур. The development of crops is influenced by soil properties among which soil toxicity plays an important role. The soil can show toxic properties due to various reasons among which meteorological conditions, applied cultivation technologies and the grown crops themselves. Therefore the aim of the research was to establish the dynamics of changes in the indicators of general toxicity of the soil (germination, seedling length and root length of the test crop) under the influence of forage crops cultivation technologies of varying intensity. Researches were carried out in 2019 on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil in three-time repetition in sowing of barley, corn, winter triticale, perennial grasses of the 1st and 2nd year of use cultivated using technologies of various intensities – extensive (control), intensive and high-intensity using the soil slide method. As a result it was found that the cultivation of forage crops under intensive technologies with the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides contributed to an increase in the general toxicity of the soil compared to extensive. Depending on the crop grown soil toxicity varies in accordance with the intensity level: crops with high cultivation technology (barley, corn and triticale) increased soil toxicity to a greater degree than crops that do not require high doses of fertilizers and pesticides (perennial grasses) which confirms the soil-protective character of perennial grasses and their positive role preceding crop for other crops.

scholarly journals Основные направления совершенствования кормопроизводства

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
D.G. Gvazava ◽  
L.A. Khomutova ◽  
L.M. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The results of the analysis of the current state of fodder production in the Kostroma region and the main directions of its development with the aim of ensuring an increase in the volume of dairy farming which will contribute to the growth of production efficiency and its competitiveness are examined. The successful development of the dairy subsector cannot be achieved without the organization of balanced animal feeding. The provision of dairy cattle breeding with feed in the required quantity and quality is based on field fodder production that meets the requirements for concentrated and bulky feeds. The Kostroma region has significant land resources for providing dairy cattle breeding with fodder but the fodder production branch is characterized by low production performance. For the analyzed period (2014 2018) the herbage yield of annual grasses was 54.5 103.6 kg/ha, perennial grasses 28.7 35.6 kg/ha, hay 15.9 19.2 c/ha. The low yield of herbage is due to the lack of fodder crop rotation with a set of legumes and legumescereal grass mixtures, seed farming systems oldage plant formation. At the same time the region has internal reserves for the introduction of technologies for growing forage crops, forage conservation and storage to ensure an increase in the volume of dairy farming products. The transition to a highly specialized agricultural production system, improving the structure of sown areas of forage and foddergrain crops due to their rational placement in the crop rotation system and expanding species and varietal diversity, adaptive intensification of fodder production will increase the productivity of fodder land and involve about 33 thousand hectares of unused land in agricultural production .Рассматриваются результаты анализа современного состояния кормопроизводства в Костромской области и основные направления его развития с целью обеспечения увеличения объёмов продукции молочного скотоводства, что будет способствовать росту эффективности производства и его конкурентоспособности. Успешное развитие молочной подотрасли невозможно достичь без организации полноценного кормления животных. Обеспечение молочного скотоводства кормами в необходимом количестве и качестве базируется на полевом кормопроизводстве, удовлетворяющем потребности в концентрированных и объёмистых кормах. Костромская область располагает значительным земельным ресурсом для обеспечения молочного скотоводства кормами, но отрасль кормопроизводства характеризуется низкими производственными показателями. За анализируемый период (2014 2018 гг.) урожайность зелёной массы однолетних трав составляла 54,5 103,6 ц/га, многолетних трав 28,7 35,6 ц/га, сена 15,9 19,2 ц/га. Низкая урожайность зелёной массы обусловлена отсутствием кормового севооборота с набором бобовых и бобовозлаковых травосмесей, системы семеноводства старовозрастным травостоем. Вместе с тем, в регионе имеются внутренние резервы для внедрения технологий выращивания кормовых культур, заготовки и хранения кормов для обеспечения увеличения объёмов продукции молочного скотоводства. Переход на узкоспециализированную систему производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, совершенствование структуры посевных площадей кормовых и зернофуражных культур за счёт рационального размещения их в системе севооборотов и расширения видового и сортового разнообразия, адаптивная интенсификация кормопроизводства позволят повысить продуктивность кормовых угодий и вовлечь в сельхозпроизводство около 33 тыс. га неиспользуемых земель.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Soil Humus Content with Different in Intensity of its Agricultural Use

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Т.И. Афанасьева ◽  
А.М. Труфанов ◽  
М.Ю. Иванова ◽  
Г.С. Цвик
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

Значение гумуса в почве сложно переоценить – он является одним из ведущих факторов плодородия. Данный показатель характеризуется динамичностью в зависимости от агротехнического воздействия, причём различная интенсивность и направленность этого воздействия может приводить как к потере почвенного гумуса, так и его накоплению. Биологизация севооборотов и земледелия в целом, а также переход к экологическим, в том числе к органическим технологиям возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур, вполне может способствовать сохранению и повышению плодородия почвы и гумуса. Оценка тенденций изменения почвенного гумуса в динамике позволит отслеживать эколого-биологическое состояние агроэкосистем. Таким образом, поставленные задачи исследования по определению изменения в динамике содержания гумуса под влиянием различных культур и технологий их возделывания являются весьма актуальными и значимыми. Исследования были проведены на кормовом севообороте на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве в 2017 и 2020 годах с использованием общепринятых методик. За период исследований содержание гумуса в почве опытного участка возросло в среднем на 0,18%, несмотря на преобладание интенсивных технологий возделывания культур. Обоснованное чередование культур кормового севооборота и рациональная система удобрений способствовали поддержанию положительного баланса гумуса за счёт возделывания многолетних и однолетних трав, а также органической технологии, обеспечивающих замедление минерализации гумуса при умеренном его накоплении. Так, выращивание многолетних трав (в среднем по годам пользования) повышало показатель в сравнении с однолетними на 0,06%, ячменём – на 0,17%, кукурузой – на 0,23%. Выращивание интенсивных культур – ячменя и, особенно, кукурузы привело к наименьшему накоплению гумуса в почве. Использование минеральных и органических удобрений в интенсивных технологиях способствовало увеличению содержания гумуса, по сравнению с контролем, в среднем на 0,13%, а органических удобрений в органической технологии – на 0,10%. The importance of humus in the soil is difficult to overestimate – it is one of the leading factors in fertility. This indicator is characterized by dynamicity depending on the agrotechnical impact, and the different intensity and orientation of this impact can lead to both the loss of soil humus and its accumulation. The biologization of crop rotation and farming in general, as well as the transition to ecological, including organic technologies for cultivation of crops, may well contribute to the preservation and improvement of soil and humus fertility. Assessment of trends of soil humus change in dynamics will allow monitoring the ecological and biological state of agroecosystems. Thus, the set research tasks to determine changes in the dynamics of humus content under the influence of various crops and their cultivation technologies are very relevant and significant. Researches were carried out on fodder crop rotation on soddy podzolic middle loamy soil in 2017 and 2020 using generally accepted methods. During the period of researches the content of humus in the soil of the experimental field increased by an average of 0.18%, despite the predominance of intensive crop cultivation technologies. The reasonable rotation of crops in fodder crop rotation and a rational fertilizer system contributed to maintaining the positive balance of humus due to the cultivation of perennial and annual grasses, as well as organic technology that slows down the mineralization of humus with moderate accumulation. So, the cultivation of perennial grasses (on average by year of use) increased the indicator compared to annual ones by 0.06%, barley – by 0.17%, corn – by 0.23%. The cultivation of intensive crops – barley and, especially, corn – led to the smallest accumulation of humus in the soil. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers in intensive technologies contributed to an increase in humus content, compared with control one by an average of 0.13%, and organic fertilizers in organic technology – by 0.10%.

Cutivation of grasses as the basis for arable farming biologization and forage production optimization under various conditions of the south of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
В.Ф. Кадоркина ◽  
М.С. Шевцова
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Wide Range

На примере трёх агроэкологических районов Хакасии показано влияние почвенно-климатических и ландшафтных особенностей территории на структуру растениеводства и развитие животноводства. Основные посевные площади в республике занимают зерновые и кормовые культуры. За период 2000–2019 годов относительно 1990 года произошло уменьшение посевных площадей по республике в 2,6 раза, по агроэкологическим районам — соответственно в 2,3; 2,3 и 1,6 раза. Доля кормовых культур в структуре посевов по Хакасии за 2000–2019 годы составляет 51,9%, в сухостепном — 79,5%, степном и лесостепном районах — 48,3 и 48,5%. Показатели плодородия почвы по содержанию гумуса показывают, что в республике в целом почвы пашни содержат 4,7% гумуса, наименьшее содержание — в сухостепном районе (3,5%). В настоящее время 84,6% пахотных земель характеризуются низкой и средней обеспеченностью подвижным фосфором. Поэтому переход земледелия на биологическую основу предусматривает восстановление деградированных агроландшафтов и сохранение плодородных свойств почв за счёт широкого внедрения травосеяния. Среди кормовых культур за период 2000–2019 годов на однолетние травы приходится по республике 27,6% и по районам — 18,0, 29,8, 36,3%; на многолетние травы — соответственно 63,1, 82,0, 52,5, 56,3%. В республике в 2019 году естественные сенокосы составили 160,4 тыс. га (8,3%), пастбища — 1019,8 тыс. га (53,3%). Их состояние требует проведения комплекса мероприятий, включающих использование технологий поверхностного и коренного улучшения. Для увеличения посевов трав необходимо существенное улучшение состояния семеноводства. Для повышения эффективности семеноводства однолетних и многолетних трав в республике необходим комплекс мер по совершенствованию форм его организации и специализации для создания единой системы размножения, начиная с питомника первичного семеноводства суперэлитных, элитных и репродукционных семян. The effect of the environment of three districts in Khakassia was tested on crop production and animal husbandry. Most farm lands are occupied by grain and forage crops in the Republic of Khakassia. In comparison to 1990 farm land area decreased by 2.6 times there for 2000–2019 as well as by 2.3, 2.3 and 1.6 times — in the districts studied, respectively. Forage crop proportion amounted to 51.9% for 2000–2019, in the dry steppe — 79.5%, steppe and forest steppe — 48.3 and 48.5%. Farm lands contained 4.7% of humus, the lowest concentration being in the dry steppe (3.5%). Currently 84.6% of farm lands show average to low content of soluble phosphorus. Biologization of arable farming will be focused on land restoration and maintaining soil fertility via the introduction of wide range of grasses. The proportion of annual forage grasses totally amounted to 27,6% for 2000–2019, in the districts — 18.0, 29.8, and 36.3%; perennial grasses — 63.1, 82.0, 52.5, 56.3%, respectively. In 2019 the acreage of natural haylands amounted to 160.4 thousand ha (8.3%), pastures — 1019.8 thousand ha (53.3%). The poor condition of farm lands requires the complex of effective tillage techniques. To increase the area of grass cultivation improved seed production is needed. Optimization of seed production includes the development of a unified reproduction technology starting from a nursery of primary seed growing.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZERS DOSES IN GRAIN FALLOW CROP ROTATION LINK

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
А. I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh. А. Ivanova ◽  
N. А. Tsyganova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

To assess the efficiency of spatial differentiation of the organic and mineral fertilizer rates in the grain-fallow rotation link the landscape field trial was established in 2013 at the Menkovo experimental station of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The object of study was a historically formed plot of arable land on a mild glacial origin slope of northwestern and western expositions with total area - 53.64 ha (including 47.3 ha of plowed field and 6.34 ha of hayland). The structure of the soil cover consists of a combination of small-contour complexes of light and medium-loamy varieties of soddy gleyed podzolic and gleyic soils. Parent rock is mainly represented by thin and medium loamy and clay sandy moraine underlying by glacial sandy loam on a depth of 75 – 120cm. Soils of medium fertility with plots of high and low fertility are dominated on plowed field. Five key plots of agromicrolandscape (AML) with different geochemical regimes have been selected. The impact of zonal and precision organo-mineral fertilizer system was studied in the "complete fallow – winter wheat – oats plus perennial grasses" crop rotation. Significant differentiation of the soil cover properties of arable land on a mild slope depending on the landscape and environmental conditions was established. The transition to precision agrochemical survey is relevant. The crop rotation link productivity within the five facies of the agricultural landscape varied from 4.98 to 8.68 t/ha in the variant without fertilizer application and from 7.59 to 14.6 t/ha in the variant with fertilizer application. The sufficiency of 1 kg NPK in the fertilizer application variant varied from 1.7 to 5.6 grain units. Sufficient grounds have not been revealed to explain this variability of the indicators only with the relief location and geochemical regime. The optimization of fertilizer rates with regard to specific geochemical regimes (an increase of 12% in AML and a decrease of 14% in AML due to the redistribution of organic and mineral fertilizers) provided increase the sufficiency of 1 kg NPK by 35 %. The methodological basis of such optimization induces a need to develop more detailed scientific argumentation.  

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various types and norms of fertilizers in increasing the productivity of cultivated crops and the fertility of gray forest soil in the Pre-Kama Area of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00255
Author(s):  
Rafil C. Shakirov ◽  
Zakirzhan M. Bikhmuhammetov ◽  
Fidail F. Khisamiev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The article discusses the effectiveness of various types and norms of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility, productivity and crop production quality, as well as crop rotation productivity in a comparative aspect with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the planned yield. Various norms of thermally dried granulated chicken manure were studied, its suitability as an environmentally safe complex organic fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing yields, produce quality, soil fertility and crop rotation productivity compared with traditional manure, buckwheat green manure crop, mineral fertilizers and natural nutritional background were established. The economic efficiency of the use of various types of fertilizers in crop rotation is determined and its increase to a profitability level of 74–222 % depending on the type and norms of fertilizers is established.

scholarly journals Improvement of forage lands in Central Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia by using some integrated approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vasilievich Aldoshin ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Vasiliev ◽  
Andrey Vasilievich Kudryavtsev ◽  
Anton Sergeevich Firsov ◽  
Vyacheslav Viktorovich Golubev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Integrated Approaches ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

In an activity system aimed at creation of high-quality fodder base for animal agriculture, crop science plays the main role. It facilitates the increase in the productivity of forage crops, which guarantees the relevance of efficiency studies and the developed technologies for improving forage lands. The research was aimed at studying the impact of integrated approaches to improving forage lands in the Central Non-Black Earth Zone. The objectives of the research were as follows: to present a methodology for monitoring agricultural fields for the subsequent improvement of forage lands; to develop an efficient technology for improving forage lands using modern mechanization means; to study the productivity of different grass mixtures when implementing various options for soil cultivation. Based on the results of three years of theoretical and experimental research, a technological scheme for fodder land improvement (including technical processes) was compiled: monitoring of fields, preparation of grass mixtures and mineral fertilizers, preparation and tuning of machine-tractor aggregates, assessment of the yield of two-time grass cutting and secondary monitoring of fields. The proposed technology included several levelling technological operations (including levelling of hillocks), operations for the preparation of the seedbed and the seed material in the form of grass mixtures and mineral fertilizers and subsequent strip sowing. It has been established that when improving fodder lands as well as the quality of soil preparation, the prevalence of milling created more favorable conditions for increasing productivity of perennial grasses compared to disking.

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