The influence of highly dispersed preparations on metabolism and productivity of young cattle

Author(s):  
E. A. Sizova ◽  
A. M. Makaeva

Preparations of highly dispersed particles of trace elements are increasingly used in animal husbandry. This is determined by their extraordinary biological properties such as the ability to penetrate into tissues and organs, a high surface area, and so on. One of the promising directions for using highly dispersed particles both in the post-embryonic and embryonic periods of animal development is the use of trace elements as sources. This is determined by the relatively lower toxicity, higher bioavailability of elements from preparations of highly dispersed particles, which reduces the load on the environment and allows you to produce products enriched with minerals. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of highly dispersed drugs on rumen digestion, the composition of the rumen microbiome, metabolism and productivity of young cattle. A comprehensive assessment of the use of highly dispersed SiO2 and FeCo preparations in cattle nutrition has been provided in the paper. The digestibility of feed, metabolism, and productivity of young cattle when feeding highly dispersed particles have been studied. An unusual fact of increasing bacterial biomass when using highly dispersed particles of silicon dioxide in animal feeding has been described. A method for increasing the digestibility of feed components by ruminants through the use of highly dispersed FeCo alloy particles has been proposed. As follows from the data obtained the use of highly dispersed particles allowed to increase the live weight of experimental young animals to 413 kg in the 1st experimental group and 416 kg in the 2nd experimental group, which was by 11 (P ≤ 0,01) and 14 kg (P ≤ 0,01) higher than the control indicator. As follows from the analysis of the data obtained, the profitability of rearing young animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was by 2,4 and 2,2 % higher than the same indicator calculated for the control group.

Author(s):  
Р.В. НЕКРАСОВ ◽  
М.Г. ЧАБАЕВ ◽  
Е.Ю. ЦИС ◽  
Б.А. КАРЕТКИН ◽  
Е.А. ТЕРЕШКОВА ◽  
...  

Для уточнения эффективности скармливания бифидосодержащей кормовой пробиотической добавки молодняку крупного рогатого скота был организован научно-хозяйственный эксперимент в опытно-экспериментальном хозяй- стве Московского региона и в научных подразделениях Федерального государственного бюджетного научного уч- реждения. Новорожденные телята были распределены на 2 группы по 13 голов с учетом живой массы. Изучаемая пробиотическая бифидосодержащая кормовая добавка включала в себя лиофилизированную микробную массу жи- вых антагонистически активных бактерий вида Bifidobacterium bifidum (не менее 1×109 КОЕ/мл бифидобактерий). Скармливание добавки осуществлялось в количестве 10 мл на 1 голову в сутки молодняку опытной группы и спо- собствовало увеличению среднесуточных приростов живой массы на 14,9% по отношению к контрольной группе. Установлено, что с момента рождения до 3-месячного возраста ее использование способствовало 100% сохранности телят, тогда как в контроле этот показатель составил 92,3%. Включение в рацион телят молочного периода про- биотика обеспечило оптимальный гомеостатический и гематологический фон при улучшении морфологических и биохимических показателей крови. Показатели иммунитета, в том числе лизоцимная и бактерицидная активности были выше по отношению к контролю на 11,8 и 4,23% соответственно. Включение в рацион телят бифидодобавки обеспечивало рост лакто- и бифидобактерий в кишечнике животных, соответственно на 10,9 и 8,5%, на фоне по- давления нежелательной микрофлоры. Таким образом, скармливание с первых дней жизни бифидосодержащей добавки телятам способствует повышению у них защитных свойств, профилактирует заболеваемость, что ведет к улучшению зоотехнических показателей производства. To clarify the effectiveness of feeding probiotic bifid-containing feed probiotic additives to young cattle, a scientific and economic experiment was organized in the experimental farm of the Moscow region, and in the scientific divisions of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Newborn calves were divided into 2 groups of 13 heads, taking into account the live weight. The probiotic bifid-containing feed additive under study contained a lyophilized microbial mass of live antagonistically active bacteria of the Bifidobacterium bifidum species (at least 1×109 CFU / ml of bifidobacteria). Feeding of the supplement was carried out in an amount of 10 ml per 1 head per day to young animals of the experimental group and contributed to an increase in the average daily gain of live weight by 14.9% compared to the control group. It was found that from the moment of birth to 3 months of age, the use contributed to 100% of the safety of calves, while in the control this indicator was 92.3%. The inclusion of probiotic in the diet of calves of the dairy period provided an optimal homeostatic and hematological background while improving the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood. The indicators of immunity, including lysozyme and bactericidal activity, were higher in relation to the control by 11.8 and 4.23%, respectively. The inclusion of bifid supplements in the calves ' diet ensured the growth of lacto-and bifidobacteria in the intestines of animals, respectively, by 10.9 and 8.5%, against the background of suppression of undesirable microflora. Thus, feeding bifid-containing additives to calves from the first days of life increases their protective properties, prevents morbidity, which leads to an improvement in zootechnical production indicators.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. KARUNKYI ◽  
T. REZNIK ◽  
Ye KULIDZHANOV

The animal husbandry cannot develop successfully without complete balanced feed and optimal forage supply. This article deals with the chemical composition of chlorella suspension. The ration is balanced with seaweeds as well as premixes, vitamins and bio supplement for the last decades. These seaweeds include chlorella - a representative of green microscopic algae. The use of chlorella allows for multi-factor balancing of the diet in accordance with modern feeding standards, which increases the productive effect of feed and significantly increases the transformation of nutrients into livestock products. This is arelevant issue of modern animal husbandry. The chlorella suspension was material for scientific research. It was made on the farm “In Samvel”, Ovidiopol District. According to the result of researches that took place on the farm " In Samvel", Biliayevka District, Odessa Oblast and SERF "Yuzhnyi" OSAGES NAAS, new data concerning chemical composition, the positive influence of investigated chlorella suspension on the growth and development of finishing pigs as well as feed costs by 1 kg of growth were obtained. It has been established that the chemical composition of chlorella suspension takes a special place among all feed additives used in farm animals feeding. It has been established that the additional use of chlorella suspension in the ration of finishing pigs of Large White breeds contribute to the increase of average daily gains by 121.9% against the control group in which chlorella suspensions was not given. Feed conversion to obtain1 kg of pigs live weight gain in the control group was 5.1 kg, in the experimental group - 4.2 kg and feed conversion index in the experimental group was higher by 21.4%. Thus the results of researches indicate the positive effect of investigated chlorella suspension on the growth anddevelopment of finishing pigs. Due to the obtained results, we can state that the chemical composition of the suspension chlorella takes a special place among all feed additives used in farm animals feeding. Chlorella has higher indicators of chemical composition, the amount of protein, vitamins and minerals in comparison with plant fodder and crops of agricultural production.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035
Author(s):  
I.I. Sleptsov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Martynov ◽  
Y.S. Vasilyev ◽  
S.K. Okhlopkov ◽  
...  

This paper presents the results of studying the conversion of feed into nutrients in the carcass of bulls during the fattening of young Kalmyk breed in the conditions of Yakutia. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Soloosun agricultural production complex, Megino-Kangalassky region. The experiment was organized on Kalmyk bull-calves fed from 15 to 18 months of age. There were formed 2 groups of 25 bulls analogs: the control and the experimental one. The animals of the control group were fed according to the ration adopted on the farm. The diet of the animals from the experimental group included 200 g of Hongurin zeolite and 45 g of Kempendyai salt per animal. The main ration of animals by structure consisted of meadow hay 46%, haylage – 22% and compound feed 32% or 12.57 EFU per day. At the beginning of the experiment, the live weight of the animals was almost identical. At the end of fattening, the bulls of the experimental group in live weight exceeded the animals of the control group by 10.9 kg. Consequently, the experienced bulls had higher bioconversion rates, which was reflected in an increase in the meat productivity of animals. The analysis showed that the control group of bulls was inferior to the experimental group in terms of pulp by 11 kg., In the deposition of food protein by 1.3 kg. The calculation of the data on the conversion of protein into food protein showed that in the control group this indicator is 5%, and in the experimental group it was 6.2%. The yield of dietary protein in the control group was 40.4 g, in the experimental group – 52.8 g. Thus, the calculation of bioconversion showed that the animals of the experimental groups, which additionally consumed Hongurin zeolite and Kempendyai salt, had a higher ability to transfer nutrients and feed energy into meat products. The indicators of economic efficiency per 100 heads of fattening bulls of the Kalmyk breed are: profitability – 122.53%, cost price 1132 thousand rubles, profit – 1,388 thousand rubles, profit – 1.23 rubles per 1 ruble costs. The efficiency of beef production at a specialized feedlot increases by 22.53%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. M. Nemzorov ◽  
N. A. Larina ◽  
Yu. V. Ites

The paper presents the results of scientific and economic experiment on the use of a new energy supplement in the diets of replacement young cattle in the post-milk period of rearing. The studies were carried out in2019 inthe conditions ofKemerovoregion in the summer and autumn period. Replacement heifers received an energy supplement mixed with concentrates in the amount of 20 ml per head per day. The experimental young animals were fed at a sufficiently high level (10.2–10.3 MJ of metabolizable energy), the amount of basic nutrients corresponded to the need. Feeding the supplement had a positive effect on the growth energy of the animals. It was established that the live weight of heifers in the experimental group reached139.2 kgby the end of the research, which is2.5 kghigher than the control. During the period of the experiment, the gross gain in live weight increased by an average of2.92 kgor 7.5%, the average daily gain exceeded control by48.6 g. When feeding the supplement, positive dynamics in hematological blood parameters was established. The amount of hemoglobin in the experimental group increased by 10.33 g/l, erythrocytes – by 0.21 million/ mm3, which characterizes the intensive course of redox processes in the body. An increase in the total protein and albumin transferases in the blood serum indicates a higher protein metabolism in comparison with the control group of young cattle. An increase in the content of globulins in the experimental group of calves by 27.43% indicates an improvement in the body immuno-defences due to the use of the supplement. The economic effect of using the energy supplement in the diets of heifers averaged 302.0 rubles per head, with a payback of 0.53 rubles.


Author(s):  
E. Iu. Zaliubovskaya

The article explores hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, dynamics of live weight gain of young cattle of black-and-white breed when being fed feeding of a fodder additive. The experiment was conducted under conditions of dairy complex Priamurye of Tambov district of Amur region in 2017-2018. The researchers arranged experimental groups of calves by means of similar pairs taking into account age, live weight and physiological condition. There were three groups of animals arranged, one control group and two experimental ones. Each group included 10 calves aged 12 months. The conditions of young cattle keeping were similar. The control group calves were fed with basic diet at the farm, the 1st experimental group received iodine, cobalt and selenium in mineral form, whereas the 2nd experimental group received the same elements in helated (organic) form. At the end of the experiment, the coefficients of digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extractives and crude fiber were determined on the basis of the data on the amount of nutrients consumed and isolated by animals with feces. When microelements in mineral and helated forms were included in the basic diet of young cattle, microelements in organic form had a positive effect on hematological and biochemical parameters of blood of calves of the 2nd experimental group. Application of elements in organic form in the diets of young cattle increased digestibility coefficients of nutrients. This contributed to live weight gain, average daily and absolute growth of animals in the 2nd experimental group.


Author(s):  
Yu. A. Karmatskikh ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin

A rational system of rearing of replacement heifers taking into account their biological characteristics, should contribute to normal growth, development, the formation of high productivity and a strong constitution, and the extension of their longevity. The use of intensive rearing has a positive eff ect on the natural resistance of replacement young cattle. The purpose of the researches was to analyze the use of bentonite clay as a mineral additive in the rearing of young cattle. Scientifi c and economic experiment has been carried out on heifers of Black-and-White breed in the pasture period. Two groups of heifers have been formed based on the principle of analogous pairs, taking into account their origin, age, body weight and health status. Animals of both groups have been received the main economic ration during the rearing period, while heifers of the experimental group have been received a bentonite additive of 50 g (2,0 %) per head per day, control animals did not receive this additive. Experiment has shown that the experimental animals had a high growth rate. Up to 3 months of age the live weight of animals in both groups increased almost evenly. The average daily gain was in the range of 600–900 g. At the age of 4 months the average daily gain in body weight was 550 g in the control group, and 800 g in the experimental group. The diff erence between the groups was 250 g or 45,45 %. The highest average daily gain at the age of 6 months was in the animals of the experimental group and amounted to 1060 g, which was by 127 g or 13,61 % more than in the control group. Feed costs in the control group amounted to 6411,92 rubles, in the experimental group 6392,22 rubles, which was 19,70 rubles or 0,31 % less than in the control group. Thus, there were no signifi cant diff erences in the cost of feed between the groups. The prime-cost of 1 kg of live weight gain of heifers in the experimental group was less by 7,02 rubles or 9,26 %. In general, the level of profi tability of rearing of heifers in the experimental group was higher by 12,11 %, compared to the control group.


2019 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
A.N. Betin ◽  
A.I. Frolov

Приведены данные, полученные в эксперименте на молодняке крупного рогатого скота с применением в рационах различных доз гранулированного калия карбоната в качестве кормовой добавки. Опыт проходил в два этапа: первый этап был проведён на молодняке в возрасте 2 4 месяцев, второй этап 4 6 месяцев. Для каждого этапа были сформированы три группы телят по принципу аналогов с учётом живой массы и состояния здоровья: контрольная и две опытные. 2 4месячным телятам одной опытной группы добавляли 1 кг, другой опытной группы 2 кг гранулированного калия карбоната на 1 тонну комбикорма. Телятам 4 6 месяцев соответственно 2 кг и 4 кг на 1тонну комбикорма. Установлено, что среднесуточный прирост живой массы 2 4месячных телят был выше в опытных группах на 1,9 и 2,8 соответственно. Использование кормовой добавки телятам 4 6месячного возраста, при норме внесения в комбикорм 2 кг и 4 кг на 1 тонну, увеличило среднесуточный прирост живой массы на 3,1 и 4,4 соответственно. Применение гранулированного калия карбоната в рационах телят оказало положительное влияние на биохимические показатели крови животных, активизировало белковый обмен и нормализовало его фракционный состав, повысило содержание кальция, фосфора и калия. Дополнительный доход от реализации молодняка в опытных группах разных возрастов по сравнению с контролем составил 86,25 122,5 и 164,44 228,88 руб. соответственно.The data obtained in the experiment on young cattle using various doses of granular potash as a feed additive in the diets are presented. The experiment took place in two stages: the first stage was carried out on young cattle at the age of 2 4 months, the second stage 4 6 months. For each stage three groups of calves were formed on the basis of analogues taking into account live weight and health status: control group and two experimental ones. 24monthold calves of one experimental group were added 1 kg of the other experimental group 2 kg of granular potash per 1 ton of mixed feed. Calves 46 months of age were added respectively 2 kg and 4 kg per 1 ton of mixed feed. It was found that the daily live weight gain of 2 4 month old calves was higher in the experimental groups by 1.9 and 2.8 respectively. The use of feed additive for calves 46 months of age with a rate of application of 2 kg and 4 kg per 1 ton in mixed feed has increased the daily live weight gain by 3.1 and 4.4 respectively. The use of granular potash in the rations of calves had a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of the blood of animals, activated protein metabolism and normalized its fractional composition, increased the content of calcium, phosphorus and potassium. The additional income from the sale of young animals in the experimental groups of different ages compared to the control amounted to 86.25 122.5 and 164.44 228.88 rubles respectively.


2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.


Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.


Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.


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