Soybean productivity in the Northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, depending on agrotechnical techniques

2022 ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
V. V. Rzaeva ◽  
◽  
E. A. Krasnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The solution to the problem of feed protein deficiency is possible with an increase in acreage and the selection of agrotechnical methods of soybean cultivation, taking into account the conditions of the natural and climatic zone. One of the main elements of the farming system that allows to increase the yield of soybeans is rational basic tillage, its depth depending on the type of soil, providing favorable conditions for plant growth and development, which has not been studied in the northern forest-steppe in the Tyumen region. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of agrotechnical techniques on soybean productivity in the northern forest-steppe in the Tyumen region. During the research the influence of basic tillage and its depth on agrophysical (soil density, reserves of productive moisture), agrochemical soil parameters, uniformity of sowing depth, germination and preservation of soybean plants has been established. The contamination of crops, the species composition of weeds, and the degree of contamination during soybean cultivation by basic tillage with the use of herbicide during the growing season has been studied. It has been found that the highest level of profitability of 39,7 % was achieved with the differentiated method of tillage, with the mouldboard plowing (20–22 cm) it was less by 7,2 %, with the subsurface tillage (20–22 cm) it was less by 19,3 %. The decrease in the depth of processing leads to the decrease in the level of profitability by 4,0 % with the mouldboard plowing, by 2,2 % with the subsurface tillage and by 7,4 % with the diff erentiated method. With zero tillage, the profitability level was below control by 14,6 %. Thus, the most cost-effective was the differentiated method of tillage (20-22 cm) with the profitability level of 39,7 % and a profit of 9765 rubles/ha.

Soybean production potential under crop rotation in the central forest-steppe of Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Суркова ◽  
И.Н. Цымбаленко ◽  
С.Д. Гилев
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Представлена комплексная оценка эффективности диверсификации севооборотов, а также способов обработки почвы и влияния азотных удобрений при возделывании сои в условиях засушливого климата центральной лесостепной зоны Зауралья. По результатам исследований, проведённых в 2010–2020 годах в Курганском НИИСХ – филиале УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН, установлено влияние гидротермических условий региона и агротехнических приёмов на формирование урожайности сои. В острозасушливые годы с гидротермическим коэффициентом 0,3–0,6 урожайность сои снижалась наполовину по сравнению с благоприятными по тепло- и влагообеспеченности периодами (ГТК — 1,1–1,2). На фоне удобрений и надёжной системы защиты посевов сои от сорных растений менее затратная поверхностная обработка по урожайности не уступала вспашке. Минеральный азот в дозе N30 на фоне средней обеспеченности почвы подвижным фосфором в острозасушливые годы обеспечил прибавку зерна сои 0,28 т/га, в благоприятные по условиям увлажнения годы прибавка от применения N30 увеличилась до 0,43 т/га. Диверсификация традиционного четырёхпольного зернопарового севооборота путём замены пшеничного поля посевами сои обеспечила повышение продуктивности, улучшение качества продукции и экономических показателей. Рентабельность производства продукции с севооборотной площади в вариантах с ресурсосберегающей поверхностной обработкой выросла до 110% без удобрений и до 117% — на фоне N30 против 49 и 66% в зернопаровом севообороте. В результате многолетних исследований в контрастных погодных условиях установлено, что производство сои в полевом севообороте в центральной лесостепной зоне Зауралья рентабельно даже в острозасушливые годы. При низком уровне урожайности (0,50–0,70 т/га) рентабельность составляет 30–50%. В благоприятные годы ресурсы зауральского климата позволяют получать урожайность сои на уровне 1,40–1,80 т/га. При этом рентабельность повышается до 220%. The report deals with the optimization of a rotation system as well as the effect of tillage and nitrogen fertilizers on soybean productivity under the drought of the central forest-steppe in Trans-Urals. The investigation was conducted at the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture in 2010–2020. The aim was to test the effect of tillage, moisture and temperature on soybean yield. Drought (hydrothermal coefficient of 0.3–0.6) reduced soybean productivity by 50% in comparison to favorable conditions (hydrothermal coefficient of 1.1–1.2). Less expensive surface tillage was as effective as plowing under fertilization and weed control. In dry years application of N30 increased grain yield by 0.28 t ha-1 under medium content of soluble P. Under favorable conditions the increase amounted to 0.43 t ha-1. Substitution of wheat with soybean in the conventional four-field crop rotation system resulted in higher crop productivity, yield quality and economic effectiveness. Payback raised up to 110% under surface tillage and no fertilization and 117% — on the background of N30 versus 49 and 66% obtained under fallow and grain crop rotation. Soybean production was cost-effective even under drought. Low soybean yield (0.50–0.70 t ha-1) resulted in profitability of 30–50%. Favorable conditions of the region provided soybean yield of 1.40–1.80 t ha-1, increasing profitability up to 220%.

INFLUENCE OF ENCAPSULATED UREA ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF EARLY RIPE POTATO TUBERS IN THE NORTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF TYUMEN REGION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Increase In Productivity

Introduction of complex mineral fertilizer of an azofoska in combination with ammonium nitrate and urea to early ripe potatoes of Zhukovsky and Red Scarlett variety on the planned productivity of 40 t/hectare has allowed to achieve a goal. At the same time in control option without fertilizers the productivity was 23,2-24,8 t/hectare. Use of encapsulated urea has led to decrease in productivity and level of profitability by 26,3-30,9%. Early ripe potatoes of Zhukovsky and Red Scarlett variety on natural fertility of the chernozem leached in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region have created average yield of 23,2-24,8 t/hectare for years of researches. Use of complex mineral fertilizer of an azofoska in combination with ammonium nitrate and urea on the planned productivity of 40 t/hectare has led to increase in productivity on the first variety to 39,5 on the second variety up to 41,4 t/hectare. Introduction of the encapsulated urea has led to decrease in productivity of the early ripe potato tubers studied. At the same time, the peel was gentle and when cleaning it was strongly injured. As to the content of starch (11,9-12,6%) at both varieties the big difference between ex-perience options isn't revealed. The similar picture was observed also according to tastes of tubers. It has made 3,2-3,5 points at Zhukovsky variety and 3,4-3,7 points at Red Scarlett's variety. Profitability level in con-trol option at Zhukovsky variety was 157,3%, at Red Scarlett's variety – 140,5%. In options with non-encapsulated ammonium nitrate and urea the first variety got 172,6-184,1%, second variety – 190,4-207,2%. In option with encapsulated urea at varieties under study the profitability level has decreased 26,3-30,9.

A Cost-effective Smart Farming System with Knowledge Base

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Tran Minh ◽  
Trong Nhan Phan ◽  
Akihiko Takahashi ◽  
Tam Thai Thanh ◽  
Son Nguyen Duy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Smart Farming

scholarly journals Edaphic Aptness of Subarid Soils to Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Production in Social Dynamics Context of Diffa, Niger

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Boubacar M. Moussa ◽  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Salamatou Abdourahamane Illiassou ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

In the eastern Niger, vegetable crops such as lettuce are cultivated along the Komadougou Yobé river and near Lake Chad. Insecurity linked to terrorist groups prevents the exploitation of these areas and leads population to explore other lands. This study aims to find out whether sub-arid soils have in some places potentialities that can allow lettuce cultivation. A pedological survey was first carried out in the study area and some physicochemical soil parameters were analyzed. Then, a randomized experimental design with three cultivars (“Blonde de Paris”, “Iceberg Tahoma”, and “Iceberg edem”) and three replicates was carried out on soils which present favorable conditions for vegetable crops. The lettuce fresh mass was determined at harvest. The results show a significant influence of the geomorphological gradient on texture classes, nitrogen contents, pH values, cation exchange capacity and level of exchangeable bases. The lowland soils are more apt for vegetable crops like lettuce. The mean of lettuce fresh mass obtained for the three cultivars is 4.8±0.5 kg.m-². Iceberg Eden records the highest values and seems well adapted to eastern Niger.

scholarly journals Agrochemical and water-physical properties of sod-podzolic soil with drip irrigation of a fruit nursery

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
A. V. Gemonov ◽  
A. V. Lebedev ◽  
O. E. Efimov ◽  
A. A. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Relevance. The use of irrigation is one of the directions of intensification of fruit growing. Drip irrigation is considered one of the promising methods of irrigation, which provides the creation of the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, makes it possible to supply irrigation water directly to their roots and allows the use of automation tools in the irrigation process. The results of ongoing scientific research show that changes in the water-physical and agrochemical properties of soils can be observed on irrigated lands. For the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia, studies on the influence of drip irrigation on soil properties are fragmentary.Methods. Field studies were conducted on the territory of the educational experimental farm of the Michurinsky Garden fruit growing laboratory of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. A two-factor experience in the study of different ranges of moisture for the formation of varietal plum seedlings grafted on plum tree stock was laid in the spring of 2018. Before setting up the experiment, organic fertilizers were introduced in the form of horse manure with sawdust in the amount of 100 t/ha. Soil moisture was controlled using tensiometers, calibrated based on the data of the thermostat-weight method. Irrigation rates were set in such a way as to increase the moisture content by 20% of the lowest moisture capacity. The identification of the main agrochemical and water-physical properties of the soil in the experimental plot was carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques.Results. The data obtained on the characteristics of the water-physical and agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil make it possible to reasonably design the irrigation regime, reclamation and agrotechnical measures. The results of the study show that the local irrigation of soils with sparing irrigation rates with the application has led to certain changes in some soil parameters. However, the obtained research results suggest that in quantitative terms, these changes are not yet significant.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10348
Author(s):  
S. M. Omar Faruque Babu ◽  
M. Belal Hossain ◽  
M. Safiur Rahman ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
A. S. Shafiuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Green Solution

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by various sources has become a major worry all over the world. Pollutants can enter the human body through the food chain from aquatic and soil habitats. These pollutants can cause various chronic diseases in humans and mortality if they collect in the body over an extended period. Although the phytoremediation technique cannot completely remove harmful materials, it is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and natural process that has no negative effects on the environment. The main types of phytoremediation, their mechanisms, and strategies to raise the remediation rate and the use of genetically altered plants, phytoremediation plant prospects, economics, and usable plants are reviewed in this review. Several factors influence the phytoremediation process, including types of contaminants, pollutant characteristics, and plant species selection, climate considerations, flooding and aging, the effect of salt, soil parameters, and redox potential. Phytoremediation’s environmental and economic efficiency, use, and relevance are depicted in our work. Multiple recent breakthroughs in phytoremediation technologies are also mentioned in this review.

scholarly journals Automated Quality Assessment of Crops Using CNN - Keras

2021 ◽  
pp. 641-645
Author(s):  
Meghashree ◽  
Alwyn Edison Mendonca ◽  
Ashika S Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Image Classification ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Plant Leaf

Plant disease is an on-going challenge for the farmers and it has been one of the major threats to the income and the food security. This project is used to classify plant leaf into diseased and healthy leaf,to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production in the country. The innovative technology that helps in improve the quality and quantity in the agricultural field is the smart farming system. It represented the modern method that provides cost-effective disease detection and deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has achieved large successfulness in the categorisation of different plant leaf diseases. CNN reads a really very larger picture in a simple way. CNN nearly utilised to examine visual imagery and are frequently working behind the scenes in image classification. To extract the general features and then classify them under multiple based upon the features detected. This project will help the farmers financially in increasing the production of the crop yield as well as the overall agricultural production. The paper reviews the expected methods of plant leaf disease detection system that facilitates the advancement in agriculture. It includes various phases such as image preprocessing, image classification, feature extraction and detecting healthy or diseased.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil tillage on the productivity of new promising soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
K. H. Khatkov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Selection Of

The agrotechnical significance of leguminous crops, in particular soybeans, consists in its ability to provide a huge bulk of vegetable protein and less nitrogen depletion of soils than non-legume crops [2]. Despite the fact that nitrogen symbiotically fixed by soybean plants is alienated with the harvest and taken out of the field with organic residues of leguminous crops, more nitrogen remains in the soil after them than with residues of other crops. In this regard soybeans are good predecessors in various stages of crop rotation. The article discusses topical issues of increasing productivity of leguminous crops, in particular, soybeans, when using different doses of ammophos against the background of its placement in various ways of main tillage of drained leached chernozems. In 2018–2019 studies were carried out to establish the influence of the optimal dose of mineral nutrition and the best method of soil cultivation on the productivity and quality indicators of soybeans of the French selection of the Amphora, Mentor and Isidor varieties. According to the results of the research, different effectiveness of the considered variants of the experiment was established. Thus, higher rates of soybean yield were noted in the later-maturing Isidor variety within 2,03–2,30 t/ha for plowing, and 1,70–1,91 for soil disking. The most cost-effective dose of mineral nutrition for all studied soybean varieties was the dose of 50 kg/ha of Ammophos (N6H26) against the background of plowing, where the profit from the increase in yield relative to the control was in the range of 2900–3650 rubles/ha, and against the background of disking soil the dose of Ammophos was 100 kg/ha (N12H52), where the profit was in the range of 1300–2050 rubles/ha.

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