scholarly journals El Papel de los Residuos Agrícolas en la Extracción de Nanocristales de Celulosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Wendy Elizabeth Peralta Holguín ◽  
Carlos Alcibar Medina Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Object Of Study

  El objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar fuentes documentales sobre el contenido lignocelulósico de los residuos agrícolas del cultivo de arroz, plátano, maíz, caña de azúcar, y piña para la obtención de nanocristales de celulosa. La investigación con enfoque cualitativo- documental descriptivo recopiló datos del objeto de estudio para su análisis y evaluación. Se analizaron diversos planteamientos teóricos, procedimentales y metodológicos para la obtención de nanocristales de celulosa; se identificó el tipo de residuo generado por cada cultivo en estudio, de los cuales se describió el contenido lignocelulósico que poseen con el propósito de establecer que por su composición se constituyen en un material potencial para la obtención de nanocelulosa; luego se analizaron los métodos empleados en la obtención de nanocristales de celulosa. Con base a los documentos revisados se concluye que los diferentes residuos agrícolas poseen un contenido celulósico relevante (28-100%), por tanto, convirtiéndolos en materiales aptos para ser aprovechados para obtener nanocristales de celulosa.   Palabra clave: Hidrólisis ácida, métodos de extracción, residuos lignocelulósicos.   Abstract The objective of this study was to review documentary sources on the lignocellulosic content of agricultural residues from the cultivation of rice, banana, corn, sugar cane, and pineapple to obtain cellulose nanocrystals. Research with a qualitative - documentary and descriptive approach, collected data from the object of study for analysis and evaluation. Various theoretical, procedural, and methodological approaches for obtaining cellulose nanocrystals were analyzed; the type of residue generated by each culture under study was identified, of which the lignocellulosic content that they possess was described, In order to establish that their composition constitutes a potential material for obtaining nanocellulose, the methods used in obtaining cellulose nanocrystals were then analyzed. Based on the revised documents, it is concluded that the different agricultural residues have a relevant cellulosic content (28-100%), therefore, converting them into materials suitable to be used to obtain cellulose nanocrystals.  Keywords: Acid hydrolysis, extraction methods, lignocellulosic residues.

scholarly journals KEY INDICATORS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Petya Yordanova – Dinova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Key Indicators

The article discusses the main theoretical and methodological approaches and indicators used in the analysis and evaluation of financial sustainability. A number of scientific publications concerning the financial sustainability issue have been summarized and presented. The study showed that there are a number of understandings and formulations of conceptual and methodological approaches in determining financial sustainability. Financial sustainability is the most important feature of long-term financial performance. The actuality of the analysis of the financial sustainability of the enterprise is indisputable given the key features of the business environment, such as instability and uncertainty, which have a destabilizing effect on business activity. Financial sustainability is formed in the course of economic activity and is an essential element of overall economic sustainability. That is why the broader concept - financial and economic sustainability is used in the research of a number of analysts. The definition, analysis and prognosis of financial sustainability are prerequisites for developing adequate strategies and programs aimed at preserving the integrity of the enterprise and its continuous activity. For the purpose of the financial sustainability analysis, certain criteria and a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators are used to determine its availability. The indicator system also makes it possible to identify the factors influencing financial sustainability. The main purpose of the study is to present the different theoretical-methodological approaches and criteria for determining financial sustainability. The tasks resulting from this purpose are to specify the concept of "financial sustainability" and to present the indicators for assessing financial sustainability.

African Cultural Festivals and World Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Claire Ducournau
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
African Literature ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Cultural Festivals ◽  
The World ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Bear Witness

Abstract In an era where cultural festivals multiply, so-called African festivals have spread in Africa, but also outside of the continent, in major cities as well as in little-known villages, for example in provincial France. What are some of their implications and effects in the case of francophone African literature? These events privilege a continental representation of literature, which often reveals itself as problematic when confronted with the complex geographies of the texts and authors represented at these festivals. Using cross-disciplinary methodology, this critical inquiry reads different reallocations of this persistent African matrix through a typology and contemporary examples (Kossi Efoui’s writings, the “Étonnants Voyageurs” and “Plein sud” festivals). As an object of study, festivals bear witness to the necessity of expanding the toolbox of the (world) literary scholar by making use of documentary sources and adopting ethnographic approaches. It reveals a structural tension between an African map and various concrete territories, where local issues matter often more than this continental category, and can affect the form and content of literature itself.

scholarly journals Methodical Approaches to the Assessment of Budget Efficiency of Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
G. Nedopad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Individual

Annotation. Introduction. According to the principles of the program-target method of budgeting, the diagnosis of budget efficiency of territories is the key goal of assessing the implementation of regional policy and improving the efficiency of budget funds, which, in turn, will not only determine the effectiveness of this process Therefore, assessing the level of budget efficiency of territories is a mandatory element of financial management at the local level. The purpose of the article is to study the methodological approaches of scientists to assess the budget efficiency of territories and on their basis the formation of the author’s directions of assessment of the object of study. Results. It is investigated that in recent years there have been positive trends in the socio-economic development of the state as a whole and its regions in particular, but still the development of individual regions remains asymmetric due to the inability of territories to accumulate the necessary financial resources to local budgets. places, which, in turn, does not contribute to providing appropriate conditions for the structural development of the regions. The existing methodological approaches are systematized, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and it is found that they are based on traditional methodological principles and provide for the analysis of absolute, relative indicators, integrated indices and rankings, etc.; do not have a single vision for a set of indicators; mainly focus on assessing the structure of the budget and the individual components of its revenue and expenditure parts. The necessity of improvement of a technique of diagnostics of budgetary efficiency of territories which will provide the analysis in the following directions is substantiated: the state of the budget; financial capacity of the budget; intergovernmental relations; financial independence; budget load; budgeting efficiency; budget management. Conclusions. The system of the formed directions will allow to estimate a level of budgetary efficiency of territories of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization and to develop long-term budgetary strategy on places. Keywords: territory; methodical approaches; diagnostics; budget efficiency.

scholarly journals Perspectivas e direcionamentos de Algumas Pesquisas Apresentadas na Terceira Edição da Conferência Internacional em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Livros Didáticos de Matemática

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Douglas Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
Ana Paula Perovano
Keyword(s):  
Textbook Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Textbooks ◽  
Mathematics Textbook ◽  
Digital Textbook ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Textbook Use ◽  
Pedagogical Design ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Object Of Study

ResumoO livro didático como objeto de estudo tem despertado o interesse de pesquisadores na Educação Matemática e, como resultado disso, eventos específicos ou grupos temáticos foram desenvolvidos para atender a essa crescente demanda. Assim, identificar quais focos temáticos sobre livros didáticos de matemática têm emergido nos estudos apresentados na terceira edição da Conferência Internacional em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Livros Didáticos de Matemática foi o objetivo que direcionou nossa investigação. Adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa numa visão interpretativa dos dados e empregamos um mapeamento nos trabalhos publicados na referida conferência. Identificamos quatro categorias temáticas: análise do livro, livro digital, uso do livro e outros, contudo, neste texto, a discussão é destinada às três últimas temáticas. Os dados obtidos nos permitiram ter um panorama de como esse campo de pesquisa vem se desenvolvendo em várias partes do mundo. Diferentes perspectivas teóricas foram apresentadas na conferência e destacamos duas que foram recorrentes: a ideia do tetraedro sociodidático e a Capacidade de Design Pedagógico. No que tange às abordagens metodológicas, é predominante o paradigma da pesquisa qualitativa com o uso de vídeos, entrevistas, observação de aulas, mapeamento, análise de conteúdo e/ou a combinação de alguns desses métodos. Do que levantamos, identificamos que o campo de pesquisas sobre livros didáticos de matemática está evoluindo, ampliando as vertentes teóricas e consolidando alguns dos métodos empregados para análise e produção dos dados. Esperamos contribuir, no sentido de trazer mais elementos que possibilitem a compreensão da produção de conhecimento sobre o livro didático de matemática. Palavras-chave: ICMT. Mapeamento. Uso do Livro Didático. Livro Digital. AbstractThe textbook as an object of study has aroused the interest of researchers in Mathematics Education and, as a result, specific events or thematic groups have been developed to meet this growing demand. Thus, identifying which thematic focuses on mathematics textbooks have emerged in the studies presented in the Third International Conference on Mathematics Textbook Research and Development was the objective that guided our investigation. We adopt a qualitative approach to research in an interpretative view of the data and employ a mapping in the studies published at the referred conference. We identified four thematic categories: textbook analysis, digital textbook, textbook use and others, however, in this article, the focus is given to the last three themes. The data obtained allowed us to have an overview of how this field of research has been developing in various parts of the world. Different theoretical perspectives were presented at the conference and we highlight two that were recurrent: the idea of the socio-didactic tetrahedron and the Pedagogical Design Capacity. With regard to methodological approaches, the paradigm of qualitative research is predominant with the use of videos, interviews, class observation, mapping, content analysis and/or the combination of some of these methods. From what we have found, we identified that the field of research on mathematics textbooks is evolving, expanding the theoretical aspects and consolidating some of the methods used for data analysis and production. We hope to contribute towards bringing more elements that enable the understanding of the production of knowledge about the mathematics textbook. Keywords: ICMT. Mapping. Textbook use; Digital Textbook.

scholarly journals The reconstruction of drawn architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Federico Fallavollita ◽  
Elisabetta Caterina Giovannini ◽  
Riccardo Foschi ◽  
Salvatore Corso
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Reconstructive Process ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study

Among the many cases concerning the process of digital hypothetical 3D reconstruction a particular case is constituted by never realized projects and plans. They constitute projects designed and remained on paper that, albeit documented by technical drawings, they pose the typical problems that are common to all other cases. From 3D reconstructions of transformed architectures, to destroyed/lost buildings and part of towns.This case studies start from original old drawings which has to be implemented by different kind of documentary sources, able to provide - by means evidence, induction, deduction, analogy - information characterized by different level of uncertainty and related to different level of accuracy.All methods adopted in a digital hypothetical 3D reconstruction process show us that the goal of all researchers is to be able to make explicit, or at least intelligible, through a graphical system a synthetic/communicative level representative or the value of the reconstructive process that is behind a particular result.The result of a reconstructive process acts in the definition of three areas intimately related one each other which concur to define the digital consistency of the artifact object of study: Shape (geometry, size, spatial position); Appearance (surface features); Constitutive elements (physical form, stratification of building/manufacturing systems)The paper, within a general framework aimed to use 3D models as a means to document and communicate the shape and appearance of never built architecture, as well as to depict temporal correspondence and allow the traceability of uncertainty and accuracy that characterizes each reconstructed element.  

scholarly journals FORMATION OF BUDGET EXPENDITURE IN THE SYSTEM OF FISCAL REGULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Igor Chugunov ◽  
Valentina Makohon ◽  
Valerii Korovii
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the article is to substantiate scientific and methodological approaches to the development of a financial and budgetary strategy for budget expenditures in the context of globalization of the economy. The comparative and factor method allowed to reveal the peculiarities of the financial and budgetary strategy of forming the budget expenditures of the EU and Ukraine in the system of public finance management, to determine approaches for its improvement. Methodology. The substantiation of scientific and methodological approaches to the development of the financial and budgetary strategy of budgeting in the conditions of globalization of the economy is based on the generalization and systematization of the relevant instruments and instruments of the financial and budgetary strategy in the countries with advanced and transformative economies. To this end, the analysis and evaluation of budget architecture in terms of expenditures in different countries was done. Results. The results showed that the financial and budgetary strategy for budget expenditures is a comprehensive, adaptive system of directions and tasks of public administration in the sphere of budgeting expenditures to socio-economic transformations, which aims at improving the welfare of the population and the efficiency of the national economy. To accelerate economic growth, the EU countries are changing the structure of public sector spending in favor of productive ones, while optimizing unproductive spending. In particular, there is an increase in government capital investment. Long-term financial and budgetary sustainability should be assessed based on a system of thresholds for both budget expenditures and revenues; the increase in government spending should not exceed GDP growth. Practical implications. The financial and budgetary strategy is the target of the reproduction process. An adequate level of reasonableness of the architectonics of budget expenditures will contribute to ensuring the dynamic balance and stability of the budget system. It is advisable to make institutional changes to the architecture of budget expenditures based on an assessment of the dynamic interrelation of macroeconomic and budgetary indicators. There is an important task to develop economic and mathematical models based on the analysis and evaluation of macroeconomic proportions and the level of devel-opment of social production. Value/originality. Substantiation of scientific and methodological approaches to the development of financial and budgetary strategy for budget expenditures in the context of globalization of the economy is an important condition for ensuring macroeconomic stability and social development. To increase the feasibility of architectonics of budget expenditures, it is advisable to optimize them, to increase the share of productive costs and to reduce unproductive ones, to reconcile the dynamics of budget expenditures with macroeconomic indicators. Based on the aforementioned in this article, substantiated scientific and methodological approaches to the development of financial and budgetary strategy for budgeting expenditures in the context of strengthening globalization processes and their impact on the financial and budget sphere; approaches to improving the system of fiscal regulation in terms of budget expenditures are revealed, and it is determined that the soundness of the budget expenditures architectonics is the basis for the formation and implementation of effective fiscal policy, which determines the effectiveness of changes in the public finance system.

scholarly journals Constructivist approach and relevant alternatives within the modern theory of ideology: problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-104
Author(s):  
Irina Myurberg
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Relevant Alternatives ◽  
Narrative Methods ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Western European ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Object Of Study

The subject of this research is the history of the development of the concept of “ideology” in the European sociopolitical theory. Emphasis is placed on constructivism as the general concept that incorporates a range of methodological approaches towards tracing the evolution of the phenomenon of ideology in the XX –XXI centuries. The study of the latest methodologies is part of the project of returning the concept of ideology to the modern sociopolitical discourse, which complies with the current standards of political knowledge. The used methodological approaches employ cultural-historical, comparative, critical-analytical and narrative methods. Special attention is given to narrative approach as an object of study and method used in the course of research. The conclusion is made on the dependence of certain aspects of the concept of ideology depend on the cultural-historical circumstances of its origin (i.e. the specificity of the Western European civilizational context). Substantiation is given to the special role of the principle of individualism as a fundamental characteristic, which distinguishes between the Western European ideology and its Russian alternative. The author determines the theoretical source that has the capacity for the development of relevant (corresponding to the theoretical inquiry of the XXI century) Russian project of ideology. The aforementioned statements define the scientific contribution and novelty of this work.

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